Intervenções de enfermagem no serviço de urgência: Perspetivas dos enfermeiros / Nursing interventions in emergency departments: Nurses' perspectives / Intervenciones de enfermería en el servicio de urgencias: Perspectivas de los enfermeros

Resumo Enquadramento: A evolução dos serviços de urgência tornou complexo o enquadramento das intervenções realizadas pelos enfermeiros. Compreender esta evolução é essencial para gerir eficientemente estes recursos e garantir cuidados seguros às pessoas. Objetivo: Descrever as intervenções de enfermagem implementadas aos clientes no serviço de urgência. Metodologia: Estudo qualitativo com uma abordagem descritiva e exploratória, que ocorreu em duas etapas sequenciais - (1) identificação das intervenções de enfermagem através da observação não participante, entrevista semiestruturada e questionário e (2) análise de conteúdo às intervenções identificadas. Resultados: Identificaram-se 1429 intervenções que foram categorizadas em 24 dimensões. As mais comuns incluíram a Administração de fármacos, a Avaliação clínica, a Colheita de amostras biológicas, a Gestão da informação clínica e a Manutenção do funcionamento das unidades. Conclusão: As intervenções identificadas revelam uma ampla gama de práticas que vão além do cuidado direto à pessoa, incluindo a gestão do fluxo de trabalho e da informação clínica. Os resultados do estudo destacam a importância de uma melhor compreensão dessas intervenções para a otimização dos serviços de urgência.

Abstract Background: The evolution of emergency departments added further complexity to the framework of nursing interventions. Understanding this evolution is vital to efficiently manage resources and ensure patients the provision of safe care. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe nursing interventions provided to patients in emergency departments. Methodology: A qualitative approach using a descriptive and exploratory methodology was employed by this study, involving two consecutive stages - (1) identification of nursing interventions using non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and a questionnaire, and (2) content analysis of the identified interventions. Results: A total of 1,429 interventions were identified and categorized into 24 dimensions. The most commonly observed interventions were Administration of medication, Clinical assessment, Collection of biological specimens, Management of clinical information, and Maintaining the department's functioning. Conclusion: The identified interventions show nurses' broad range of practices that surpass direct patient care, encompassing the management of workflows and clinical information. The study findings emphasize the significance of further understanding nursing interventions for the optimal management of emergency departments.

Resumen Marco contextual: La evolución de los servicios de urgencias ha complicado el marco de las intervenciones realizadas por el personal de enfermería. Comprender esta evolución es esencial para gestionar de forma eficiente estos recursos y garantizar unos cuidados seguros para las personas. Objetivo: Describir las intervenciones de enfermería aplicadas a los pacientes del servicio de urgencias. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo con enfoque descriptivo y exploratorio, que se desarrolló en dos etapas secuenciales - (1) identificación de las intervenciones de enfermería mediante observación no participante, entrevista semiestructurada y cuestionario, y (2) análisis de contenido de las intervenciones identificadas. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 1429 intervenciones, clasificadas en 24 dimensiones. Las más comunes incluían la Administración de fármacos, la Evaluación clínica, la Recogida de muestras biológicas, la Gestión de la información clínica y el Mantenimiento del funcionamiento de la unidad. Conclusión: Las intervenciones identificadas muestran un amplio abanico de prácticas que van más allá de la atención directa a la persona, incluida la gestión del flujo de trabajo y de la información clínica. Los resultados del estudio destacan la importancia de comprender mejor estas intervenciones para optimizar los servicios de urgencias.

Self-care nursing interventions: A qualitative study into electronic health records' contents.

AIMS: This study aims to (1) analyse all self-care-related interventions Portuguese nurses documented, (2) determine potential issues that may impair semantic interoperability and (3) propose a new set of interventions representing nursing actions regarding self-care that may integrate any HER application. BACKGROUND: As populations age and chronic diseases increase, self-care concerns rise. Individuals who seek healthcare, regardless of context, need prompt access to accurate health information. Healthcare professionals need to understand the information in all places where care is provided, creating the need for semantic interoperability within electronic health records. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive and exploratory study was conducted in two phases: (1) a content analysis of nursing interventions e-documentation and (2) a focus group with fifteen registered nurses exploring latent criteria or insights gleaned from the findings of content analysis. The COREQ statement was used to guide research reporting. RESULTS: We extracted 1529 nursing intervention sentences from the electronic health records and created 209 intervention categories. We identified the main issues with semantic interoperability in nursing intervention identification. CONCLUSION: According to the findings, nurses cooperate with clients, offering physical aid and encouraging them to overcome functional limitations to self-care tasks hampered by their conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING POLICY AND HEALTH POLICY: This article provides evidence to warn policy makers against decisions to use locally customised electronic health records, as well as evidence on the importance of policy promoting the adoption of a nursing ontology for electronic health records. And, as a result, the harmonisation and effective provision of high-quality nursing care and the reduction of healthcare costs across nations.

Nursing knowledge of people with paresis of voluntary muscles: a living scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to continuously map the nursing knowledge about people with paresis of voluntary muscles in any context of care. INTRODUCTION: Muscle paresis is a condition that significantly impacts quality of life. Nurses have a crucial role in managing this condition, particularly paresis of voluntary movement muscles. However, nursing knowledge about patients with paresis of voluntary muscles is dispersed, hampering the integration of evidence within the structure of information systems. Mapping how the nursing process components are identified is the first step in creating a Nursing Clinical Information Model for this condition, capable of integrating evidence into information systems. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider studies focusing on the nursing process regarding people with paresis of voluntary muscles in all care contexts. The review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods study designs, systematic reviews, clinical guidelines, dissertations, and theses. METHODS: The review process will follow JBI's scoping review guidance, as well as the Cochrane Collaboration's guidance on living reviews. Screening of new literature will be performed regularly, with the review being updated according to new findings. The search strategy will map published and unpublished studies. The databases to be searched will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Searches for unpublished studies will include OpenGrey and Repositorios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal. Studies published in English and Portuguese from 1975 will be considered for inclusion. REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/d7c9g/.

Nursing knowledge on skin ulcer healing: a living scoping review protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This review aims to continuously map the nursing knowledge on skin ulcer healing in any context of care. INTRODUCTION: Chronic wounds are an increasing concern for society and health care providers. Pressure ulcers and venous ulcers, among others, have devastating effects on morbidity and quality of life and require a systematic approach. The nursing process is an important method that allows a better organization and overall care quality for a systematic and continuous professional approach to nursing management of skin ulcers. The integration of this nursing knowledge in informatics systems creates an opportunity to embed decision-support models in clinical activity, promoting evidence-based practice. INCLUSION CRITERIA: This scoping review will consider articles on nursing data, diagnosis, interventions, and outcomes focused on people with skin ulcers in all contexts of care. This review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods study designs as well as systematic reviews and dissertations. METHODS: JBI's scoping review guidance, as well as the Cochrane Collaboration's guidance on living reviews, will be followed to meet the review's objective. Screening of new literature will be performed regularly, with the review updated according to new findings. The search strategy will map published and unpublished studies. The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and PEDro. Searches for unpublished studies will include OpenGrey and Repositórios Científicos de Acesso Aberto de Portugal. Studies published in English and Portuguese since 2010 will be considered for inclusion. SCOPING REVIEW PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/f6s4e/.

Clinical characteristics and perfusion-computed tomography alterations in a series of patients with migraine with aura attended as stroke code.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study was to determine the clinical characteristics of migraine with aura (MA) as well as the frequency and patterns of perfusion-computed tomography (PCT) alterations, in a series of patients with MA mimicking acute ischemic stroke. BACKGROUND: MA is one of the most frequent stroke mimics, following seizures and psychiatric disorders. Previous case reports and short series have reported abnormal PCT patterns in patients with MA. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including all consecutive patients presenting with focal neurological symptoms during complete multimodal CT including baseline CT, angio-CT, and PCT with a final diagnosis of MA. We collected demographic data and clinical information about MA variables using the hospital electronic database. RESULTS: We found 25 patients with a final diagnosis of MA among 1761 patients who attended our stroke center with complete multimodal CT (1.4% [95% CI: 0.9-2.1]). Among them, 14/25 (56%) were women, average age 38.7 years (SD 12.5), and 16/25 (64%) had a previous history of migraine. The most frequent type of aura was sensory. The median time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and CT was 171 min (IQR: 119-244). PCT alteration was found in 3/25 (12%) consisting of a hypoperfusion pattern not restricted to a vascular territory. The three patients had aphasia as the presenting symptom. CONCLUSION: This is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest series of patients with MA managed as presumed stroke with clinical characteristics and PCT. In our study, most patients were young and had a prior history of migraine. PCT was normal in 88% of cases, with patients being still symptomatic by the time they were scanned. Further research will clarify the presence and type of PCT alterations in this entity.

Nursing diagnoses focused on universal self-care requisites.

AIMS: (1) To identify and analyse diagnoses documented by nurses in Portugal within the scope of universal self-care requisites; (2) to determine the main problems with nursing diagnoses syntaxes for semantic interoperability purposes; and (3) to suggest unified nursing diagnoses syntaxes within the scope of universal self-care requisites. BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Ageing societies and the increase in chronic diseases have led to significant concern regarding individuals' dependence to ensure self-care. ICNP is widely used by Portuguese nurses in electronic health records for documentation of nursing diagnoses and interventions. METHODS: A qualitative study using inductive content analysis and focus group: 1. nursing e-documentation content analysis and 2. focus group to explore implicit criteria or insights from content analysis results. RESULTS: From a corpus of analysis with 1793 nursing diagnoses, 432 nursing diagnoses centred on universal self-care requisites emerged from the content analysis. One hundred ten nursing diagnoses resulted from the application of new encoding criteria that emerged after a focus group meeting. CONCLUSION: Results reveal that nursing diagnoses related to universal self-care requisites can emphasize the impairment or potentialities of the individuals performing self-care. It also shows a lack of consensus on nominating the nursing diagnoses of people with a deficit in universal self-care requisites, resulting in different diagnoses to express the same needs. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Representation of most relevant nursing diagnoses within the scope of universal self-care requisites. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY: Incorporating standardized language into electronic health records is not enough for improving quality and continuity of care and semantic interoperability achievement. Electronic health records need to work with a nursing ontology in the backend to meet these requirements.

Effectiveness of bedrails in preventing falls among hospitalized older adults: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Falls are a major problem today affecting adults of any age, but the elderly are a population that is more susceptible to falls. Falls are the leading cause of injury or death among older adults. Hospitalized older people are particularly vulnerable to falls. Falls cause direct injuries (minor injuries, severe wounds of the soft tissues and bone fractures) to patients and increased length of stay. The prevention of falls is commonly considered an indicator of the quality of care. Therefore, health institutions and professionals treat the identification and implementation of strategies to prevent or minimize their effects as a high priority. Fall prevention interventions involving physical restraints are still common and considered a primary preventative measure, despite controversy in their use. One of the most frequently used restraint interventions is bedrails. The question of the effectiveness of bedrails in preventing falls cuts across all societies and cultures and has with significant implications for the clinical practice of nurses. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to identify the effectiveness of the use of bedrails in preventing falls among hospitalized older adults when compared with no use of bedrails or any type of physical restraints. INCLUSION CRITERIA TYPES OF PARTICIPANTS: The current review considered studies that included hospitalized adults (female and male), 65 years and over with any clinical condition in a non-intensive care unit (ICU). TYPES OF INTERVENTION(S): The current review considered studies that evaluated the use of bedrails as a restraint to prevent falls among older adults in non-ICUs compared to no use of bedrails or any type of physical restraints, for example, bedrails versus no bedrails, and bedrails versus no wrist or ankle ties. TYPES OF STUDIES: The current review considered any randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In the absence of RCTs, other research designs such as non-RCTs, before and after studies, cohort studies, case-control studies, descriptive studies, case series/reports and expert-opinion were considered. OUTCOMES: The current review considered studies that included primary outcomes (number of patients who fell or the number of falls per patient) and secondary outcomes (number of head trauma, bone fractures or soft tissue injuries). SEARCH STRATEGY: The search strategy aimed to find both published and unpublished articles. A three-step search strategy was utilized in 13 databases. Articles published in Portuguese, English and Spanish beginning from 1980 were considered for inclusion. METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY: Assessment of methodological quality was not conducted as no articles were identified that met the inclusion criteria. DATA EXTRACTION AND DATA SYNTHESIS: Data extraction and synthesis was not performed, because no articles were included in this systematic review. RESULTS: The search identified a total of 875 potentially relevant articles. Sixteen articles were identified through the reference lists of all identified articles. One hundred and thirteen full-text papers were assessed by two independent reviewers to determine eligibility. However, 11 articles were not found (despite all the efforts), and 102 articles did not meet the inclusion criteria. CONCLUSION: There is no scientific evidence comparing the use of bedrails in preventing falls among hospitalized older adults to no use of bedrails or any type of physical restraints.