The photoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity of red propolis extract in rats.

The negative effects triggered by ultraviolet radiation, such as premature aging and carcinogenesis, have motivated several studies on photoprotection. Recent strategies for photoprotection have included the incorporation of natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, such as flavonoids, into sunscreens and the oral administration of natural antioxidant extracts. Brazilian Red propolis extract contains isoflavonoids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Here, we investigate the photoprotective effects of orally- or topically-administered formulations containing hydroalcoholic extract of red propolis (HERP) in a rodent model. HERP showed markers identified as: daidzein (4.68 µg/mL), formononetin (31.81 µg/mL) and biochanin A (9.58 µg/mL). A fourth peak was found in the chromatogram but was not identified. The antioxidant activity of HERP was calculated to be 3.07 mmol Trolox/g and 2.13 mmol Trolox/g, respectively. Topical HERP exerted a protective action against UVB radiation, which was similar to that exerted by oxybenzone filter. Oral HERP as an adjuvant treatment did not increase sunburn protection. However, the oral administration of HERP presented chemoprotective and anti-inflammatory activity (p < 0.05) similar or better than Polypodium leucotomos oral treatment (positive control). In conclusion, topical administration of HERP has photoprotective activity in a murine model and the mechanisms of protection can be related to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of HERP compounds.

Trichophyton species susceptibility to green and red propolis from Brazil.

AIMS: The in vitro antifungal activity of Brazilian green and red propolis was tested against different species of Trichophyton. METHODS AND RESULTS: The antifungal activity of the Brazilian aqueous and alcoholic extracts of the green propolis and the alcoholic extract of red propolis was observed against Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans and Trichophyton mentagrohytes samples, using as controls itraconazole and terbinafine. The minimal inhibitory concentration was determined following the microdilution method indicated by the 'Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute'. The minimal fungicide concentration was determined by the absence of growth in liquid sabouraud culture medium. The data obtained showed that the green propolis alcoholic extract's antifungal activity was from 64 to 1024 microg ml(-1), whereas the red propolis alcoholic extract was from 8 to 1024 microg ml(-1). CONCLUSIONS: The antifungal activity of the red propolis alcoholic extract was more efficient than the green propolis alcoholic extract for all three species studied. The T. rubrum samples were shown to be more sensitive to the antifungal activity of the alcoholic extracts of the propolis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The antifungal potential of the alcoholic extracts of green and red propolis demonstrated suggest an applicable potential as an alternative treatment for dermatophytosis caused by these species.

Alfafetoproteína nos tumores de fígado e hepatopatias benignas / Alphafetoprotein in hepatic tumours and benign liver diseases

A alfafetoproteína (AFP) é uma proteína oncofetal que se eleva nä só no carcinoma hepatocelualr, mas também em metástases hepáticas e hepatopatias benignas. Objetivo. O conhecimento das alteraçöes de AFP, nestas doenças, facilitará a interpretaçäo dos resultados frente à suspeita de carcinoma hepatocelular. Casuística e Métodos. Os autores estudaram AFP sérica por enzima imunoensaio (Abbott, normal até 15ng/mL) em 4 grupos: 1) hepatite aguda (HA), n=24;2) hepatopatia crônio (HC), viral ou alcoólica, n = 81; 3) metástase hepática (MH), n = 29: e 4) carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), n = 15. Resultados Observaram os seguintes resultados em percentuais de AFP menor que 15ng/mL nos 4 grupos: 75 por cento HA; 86,4 por cento HC; 79,3 por cento MH; 6,6 por cento CHC. Entre 15 e 100: HA 25 por cento; HC 8,6; MH 20,6 por cento e CHC 20 por cento. Acima de 100ng/mL: 73,3 por cento CHC e 4,9 por cento HC. Discussäo. A medida que aumentaram o limite de corte, diminuiu a sensibilidade e aumentaram a especificidade diagnóstica para hepatocarcinoma. Os resultados mostraram que a AFP se eleva em hepatopatias benignas (HA e HC) e em MH, porém, níveis acima de 100ng/mL ocorrem com muito maior freqüência no CHC apresentaram AFP elevada, possivelmente porque a doença apresentava-se em estádios avançados

[Alphafetoprotein in hepatic tumours and benign liver diseases]. / Alfafetoproteína nos tumores de fígado e hepatopatias benignas.

AFP is an oncofetal protein found in increased levels in hepatocellular carcinoma, liver metastasis and other benign liver diseases. PURPOSE--To know the behaviour of this protein in each of these clinical situations would undoubtedly help us to discriminate between hepatocellular carcinoma and benign diseases. PATIENTS--A hundred forty nine patients were divided into 4 groups: 1. acute hepatitis (AH) n = 24, 2. chronic liver disease, viral or alcoholic (CLD) n = 81, 3. hepatic metastasis (HM) n = 29, 4. hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) n = 15. AFP assays were done by ELISA (Abbott Diagnostica, ref. value: 15ng/mL). RESULTS--The results observed were as follows: AFP < 15ng/mL: AH 75%, CLD 86.4%, HM 79.3%, HCC 6.6%, AFP > 15 e < 100ng/mL: AH 25%, CLD 8.6%, HM 20.6%, HCC 20%, AFP > 100ng/mL: AH zero, CLD 4.9%, HM zero, HCC 49%. It is clear that depending on the cut off level, there is a decrease of sensibility which is paralleled by an increase in specificity. CONCLUSIONS--AFP levels are increased in benign liver diseases (AH, CLD) and HM, how ever levels above 100ng/mL occur much more frequently in HCC. In our sample, 93.3% of the HCC showed high levels of AFP, probably because most of the patients had advanced clinical stages of the disease.

Hepatocarcinoma: análise de 14 casos / Hepatocarcinoma: analysis of 14 cases

No Brasil, o hepatocarcinoma näo é frequente. Constituem grupos de risco os portadores de vírus B da hepatite e cirróticos. Os autores descrevem 14 casos de hepatocarcinoma atendidos em 33 meses. OBJETIVO. Analisar as alteraçöes clínicas e laboratoriais dos doentes com hepatocarcinoma atendidos em 33 meses. CASUISTICA. Relatamos 14 casos de hepatocarcinoma atendidos de agosto de 1990 a maio de 1993, sendo dez do sexo masculino, com idade média de 53 anos. RESULTADOS. Os principais sintomas e sinais foram dor, emagrecimento e icterícia. Marcadores virais: 6 HBsAg, 1 HBeAg, 1 anti-HCV. A AFP elevou-se em 92 por cento. Oito tinham cirrose, 11 tumores multicêntricos. O tratamento cirúrgico foi realizado em três doentes, sendo em um ressecçäo parcial de tumor. Quimioterapia sistêmica foi feita em cinco doentes, sem resposta. CONCLUSAO. O carcinoma hepatocelular é uma doença infrequente em nosso meio. A maioria (80 por cento) apresentava doença avançada e 42 por cento dos pacientes foram HBsAg positivos

[Hepatocarcinoma: analysis of 14 cases]. / Hepatocarcinoma: análise de 14 casos.

In Brazil, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not a common tumour. Virus B hepatitis and cirrhosis play an important role in the development of HCC. The authors described 14 cases of HCC registered in our service during the last 33 months. PURPOSE--Evaluate clinical and laboratory aspects of the hepatocarcinoma treated in our service. MATERIAL--Fourteen patients evaluated between 1990 and 1993 were described. Ten were men the median age was 53 years. RESULTS--The main symptoms were: abdominal pain, weight loss and jaundice. Among the fourteen patients, 42% percent were positive for HBsAg, 0.7% for anti HCV and 57% were cirrhotic. Eighty percent had an advanced disease and serum alphafeto-protein was elevated in 92%. The patients underwent different kinds of treatment. Systemic chemotherapy was started in 5 patients, however without any response. Surgery was done in three patients, one underwent partial resection of the tumour and in the others a total resection was carried out. CONCLUSION--The hepatocarcinoma is rare in our service, eighty percent had advanced disease and 42% were positive for HBsAg.

Fungos isolados do ar e do piso de ambientes fechados do Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil: II leveduras / Fungi isolated in confined environment at Hospital Escola da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife. Brasil: II leveduras

Del aire y del piso de ambientes cerrados del "Hospital das Clínicas da UFPE, Brasil", fueron aisladas 82 muestras de levaduras de los generos Brettanomyces, Candida, Rhodotorula y Trichosporon; su mayor incidencia fue detectada en el piso y durante el período lluvioso

Cromomicose por Fonsecaea pedrosoi apresentando as tres fases conidiais, acrógena, acropleurógena e semi-endógena / Chromomycosis due to Fonsecaea pedrosoi presenting 3 conidial stages: acrogenous, acropleurogenous and semi-endogenous

Una muestra de Fonsecaea pedrosoi (Brumpt) Negroni 1936, fue aislada de un caso de cromomicosis forma plana y presentó tres fases de esporulación: Cladosporium, Rhinocladiella y Phialophora

Associaçäo de Candida mogii com Albatrellus ovinus / Associations of Candida mogii with Albatrellus ovinus

Durante cinco anos consecutivos foram coletadas espécimes de A. ovinus associado a C. moggi