Draft Genome Sequence of a Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica Strain Isolated from Frozen Chicken in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil.

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica strain 20, isolated from a chicken carcass originated from indoor broiler farming and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry followed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Enterotoxin-Encoding Genes in Staphylococcus spp. Recovered from Kitchen Equipment from a University Hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and enterotoxin-encoding genes (EEGs) in Staphylococcus spp. recovered from equipment used to prepare hospital meals, in a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sixty samples were collected from semi-industrial equipment (one blender and one mixer) in the hospital's kitchen. Resistance genes and SCCmec types were detected by PCR. From the 40 isolates of Staphylococcus spp. identified, 8 were Staphylococcus aureus. Thirty-two (80%) Staphylococcus spp. isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. Resistance genetic determinants were detected: erm gene (Staphylococcus epidermidis [n = 2]; Staphylococcus hominis [n = 1]), mecA gene (S. epidermidis [n = 2]), and aa(6')-aph(2'') gene (Staphylococcus caprae [n = 1], S. epidermidis [n = 2], S. hominis [n = 1], Staphylococcus pausteri [n = 1], Staphylococcus simulans [n = 1], and Staphylococcus warneri [n = 1]). The presence of at least one EEG in 83% (n = 33) of the isolates was identified. Two strains of S. epidermidis were methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis (MRSE) and harboring SCCmec type IV. Staphylococcus spp. contaminated some hospital kitchen's equipment, indicating that hygiene procedures should be improved. Results also indicate that meals can be a vehicle to disseminate multiresistant Staphylococcus spp., including MRSE, and Staphylococcus with EEGs.

First report of the emerging zoonotic agent Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica isolated from a retail frozen chicken in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica is an emerging zoonotic bacterium commensally living in larvae of particular flies. It has been associated with human and animal infections but never isolated from food. In the present study, a whole chicken carcass was rinsed in buffered peptone water which was then inoculated into BHI and the growth plated onto selective medium. Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF MS. Those bacteria identified as W. chitiniclastica were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing for confirmation and MEGA software was used to obtain their phylogenetic position. The findings of this study raise concerns regarding the abattoir, transport and stock practices of frozen meat carcasses and should be of interest with regard to microbiology, entomology and food production.

Caracterização de beta-lactamases de espectro ampliado (ESBLs), genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos e conteúdo plasmidial em cepas de Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. não tifóides isoladas do ambiente hospitalar e da comunidade / Characterization of extended spectrum Beta-lactamase (ESBLs), antimicrobial resistance genes, and plasmid content in Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. isolates recovered from hospital and community

Enterobactérias produtoras de ESBLs são descritas tanto no ambiente hospitalar quanto na comunidade em todo o mundo. No Brasil, esses microrganismos também têm emergido como uma causa importante de infecções, sendo as enzimas CTX-M as prevalentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar diferentes aspectos genotípicos relacionados à expressão da resistência aos antimicrobianos em cepas Escherichia coli e de Salmonella spp, tais como: a diversidade de ESBLs, os genes de resistência aos antimicrobianos e o conteúdo plasmidial. Os aspectos epidemiológicos das cepas produtoras de ESBLs também foram investigados. Foram estudadas 88 cepas de enterobactérias, sendo 43 E. coli e 45 cepas de Salmonella spp., de origem hospitalar e da comunidade (principalmente alimentos), isoladas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A expressão de ESBL foi observada em sete cepas de E. coli (7/43, 16,3%) e em uma cepa de Salmonella Typhimurium (1/45, 2,3%) e as enzimas foram identificadas como variantes de CTX-M e SHV-5, respectivamente. Entre as cepas de E. coli, a enzima CTX-M-2 foi a mais frequente (n = 4), sendo detectada em cepas isoladas de swab retal de pacientes hospitalizados, enquanto as enzimas CTX-M-59 (uma variante de CTX-M) (n = 1) e CTX-M-9 (n = 2) foram identificadas em cepas isoladas a partir de espécimes clínicos. Salmonella Typhimurium produtora de SHV-5 foi isolada do ambiente hospitalar (fórmula infantil). As cepas de E. coli produtoras das enzimas CTX-M pertenceram a grupos filogenéticos (A, B1, D) e STs (ST34, ST69, ST101) diferentes, sendo os genes blaCTX-M identificados em plasmídeos com tipo de replicon IncA/C de cerca de 150 kb (blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-59) ou 80 kb (blaCTX-M-2)...

ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been described in hospitals and in the community worldwide. In Brazil, ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae have also emerged as an important cause of infections, being CTX-M enzymes the most prevalent ESBLs. The objective of this study was to analyze different genotypic aspects related to expression of antimicrobial resistance in isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp., such as: diversity of ESBLs, antibiotic resistance genes and plasmid content. Epidemiological features of ESBL-producing isolates were also investigated. We studied 88 isolates of enterobacteria, 43 E. coli and 45 Salmonella serotypes of hospital and community (mainly food) origin, isolated in the city of Rio de Janeiro. ESBL expression was observed in seven E. coli isolates (7/43; 16,3%) and in one Salmonella Typhimurium (1/45; 2,3%) and the enzymes identified as CTX-M variants and SHV-5, respectively. Among the E. coli isolates, CTX-M-2 was the most frequent (n=4), being detected in isolates recovered from rectal swabs of hospitalized patients, whereas CTX-M-59 (a CTX-M-2-variant) (n=1) and CTX-M-9 (n=2) were identified in E. coli isolated from clinical specimens. SHV-5-producing S. Typhimurium was isolated from the hospital environment (infant formula). CTX-M-producing E. coli belonged to different phylogenetic groups (A, B1, D) and STs (ST34, ST69, ST101), being blaCTX-M genes were identified in IncA/C plasmids of approximately 150 kb (blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-59) or 80 kb (blaCTX-M-2)...

Antimicrobial resistance in food and clinical Aeromonas isolates.

This study highlights the incidence of resistance and the presence of plasmids in human and food isolates of Aeromonas in Brazil. A total of 83 Aeromonas spp. strains (28 isolated from human and 55 from fresh lettuce) were studied. Thirty-five were identified as A. hydrophila complex and 48 as A. caviae complex. All strains were shown to be susceptible to imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and ciprofloxacin by the disk diffusion method. Resistance to antimicrobial agents was observed in strains of both food and clinical origin. The food strains were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefoxitin and tetracycline, while the clinical strains presented resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoxitin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim were tested by agar dilution. Thirteen strains isolated from vegetables were resistant to tetracycline (MIC 16 microg ml-1). Two A. hydrophila strains and one A. caviae strain presented extracromosomal DNA (3 and 15 kb plasmids, respectively). The tetracycline resistance phenotype determinant was related to the 15 kb plasmid according to cure and transformation experiments.