Effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to analyze the published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effects of exercise interventions on functioning and health-related quality of life following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro data base, and SciELO (from the earliest date available to January 2023) for RCTs that evaluated the effects of physical rehabilitation interventions following hospital discharge for recovery from critical illness. REVIEW METHODS: Study quality was evaluated using the PEDro Scale. Mean differences (MDs), standard MDs (SMD), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: Fourteen studies met the study criteria, including 1259 patients. Exercise interventions improved aerobic capacity SMD 0.2 (95% CI: 0.03-0.3, I2 = 0% N = 880, nine studies, high-quality evidence), and physical component score of health-related quality of life MD 3.3 (95% CI: 1.0-5.6, I2 = 57%, six studies N = 669, moderate-quality evidence). In addition, a significant reduction in depression was observed MD -1.4 (95% CI: -2.7 to -0.1, I2 = 0% N = 148, three studies, moderate-quality evidence). No serious adverse events were reported. CONCLUSION: Exercise intervention was associated with improvement of aerobic capacity, depression, and physical component score of health-related quality of life after hospital discharge for survivors of critical illness.

A systematic review on physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in COVID-19 survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the published studies that investigated the physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in COVID-19 survivors. DESIGN: Systematic review. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, SciELO, and Cochrane Library for studies that evaluated the physical function, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life after COVID-19 from the earliest date available to July 2021. Two independent reviewers screened and selected the studies. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate methodological quality. RESULTS: We included 35 studies in this systematic review. Of the 35 studies included, 28 were cohort, and 7 cross-sectional studies The studies demonstrated that COVID-19 survivors had reduced levels of physical function, activities of daily living, and health-related quality of life. Furthermore, incomplete recovery of physical function, and performance in activities of daily living were observed 1 to 6 months post-infection. DISCUSSION: Physical disability and reduction in health-related quality of life is a common condition in post-COVID-19 and impairments may persist up to 1 to 6 months. Researchers and clinicians can use these findings to understand the potential disabilities and rehabilitation needs of people recovering from the COVID-19.

Effects of ventilator hyperinflation on pulmonary function and secretion clearance in adults receiving mechanical ventilation: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: It is important to clarify the effect of ventilator hyperinflation(VHI) on pulmonary function and secretion clearance in adults receiving mechanical ventilation(MV). There is no published meta-analysis on the effects VHI on pulmonary function and secretion clearance in adults receiving MV. Objective Analyze the published randomized clinical trials(RCTs) that investigated the effects of VHI on pulmonary function and secretion clearance in adults receiving MV, comparing VHI with isolated aspiration, VHI with manual hyperinflation(MHI), VHI +vibrocompression(VB) versus VB and VHI+VB versus isolated aspiration. METHODS: The following databases PubMed, LILACS, EMBASE, SciELO, PEDro database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were consulted up to December 2021. Secretion clearance, static and dynamic compliance of the respiratory system(Cstat and Cdyn), airway resistance(Raw) and oxygenation outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Thirteen studies met the study criteria, but only 12 studies were included on meta-analysis. There was no difference between VHI versus isolated aspiration for amount of secretions removed(0.41 SMD; 95% CI: -0.08 to 0.89; n=270), VHI versus MHI(0.51 grams; 95% CI: -0.08 to 1.11; n=256), VHI+VB versus VB(0.31 grams; 95% CI: -0.42 to 1.05; n=130) and VHI+VB versus isolated aspiration(0.54 grams; 95% CI: -0.06 to 1.14; n=132). There was difference for VHI versus isolated aspiration to Cstat (4.77 ml/cm H2O; 95% CI: 2.41 to 7.14; n= 136). CONCLUSION: Taking into account all studies included in meta-analysis, no evidences was found that VHI was effective in increasing the amount of secretions removed, Cdyn and oxygenation, but VHI seems to show a slight improvement in Cstat when compared to isolated aspiration. No evidence was found that VHI was effective in increasing the amount of secretions removed, Cdyn and oxygenation, but VHI seems to show a slight improvement in Cstat when compared to isolated aspiration.

Effects of water-based exercises on functioning of postmenopausal women: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Water-Based Exercise (WBE) versus Land-Based Exercise (LBE) and of WBE versus Non-Exercise in postmenopausal women on muscle strength, agility, flexibility, bone mineral density and aerobic capacity. METHODS: We systematically searched in MEDLINE, PEDro, SciELO and the Cochrane Library RCT published until May 2022. Only randomized controlled trials were included. We analyzed the pooled results using weighted mean differences, standardized mean difference, and 95%CI were calculated. RESULTS: Twenty studies met the inclusion criteria; although, sixteen studies were included in the meta-analyses. The studies presented low methodological quality. WBE was more effective than NE for improving muscle strength of knee extension (3.34), knee flexion (2.51), arm curl (6.78 repetitions), VO2Max (4.12 ml/kg), and flexibility (6.38 cm) When comparing WBE with LBE, no significant statistical difference was found regarding muscular strength of lower limbs (1.00), muscular strength of upper limbs (0.47), flexibility (1.95 cm), aerobic capacity (0.82 ml/kg) and lumbar bone mineral density (0.04 g/cm2). CONCLUSIONS: WBE promotes significant benefits in muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and flexibility, when compared to no intervention. However, WBE was similar to the LBE for improving muscle strength, aerobic capacity, flexibility, agility, and bone mineral density - lumbar in postmenopausal women.

Effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on exercise capacity, muscle strength and quality of life in COPD patients: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on disabilities and activity limitation of individuals affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, PEDro database, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, and SciELO, were searched from inception until October 2021. REVIEW METHODS: Inclusion criteria were patients with COPD, randomized controlled trials comparing neuromuscular electrical stimulation alone or combined conventional pulmonary rehabilitation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation versus control or sham or pulmonary rehabilitation in disabilities and activity limitation in COPD. There were no mandatory language or publication date restrictions. Two reviewers selected studies independently. Weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results 32 studies met the study criteria, including 1.269 participants. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation improved exercise capacity (MD 1.10, 95% CI: 0.33, 1.86, N = 147), and muscle strength (0.53, 95% CI: 0.20, 0.87, N = 147) compared to sham group. Combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation and conventional rehabilitation improved exercise capacity (MD 34.28 meters, 95% CI: 6.84, 61.73, N = 262) compared to conventional rehabilitation alone. No adverse events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation resulted in small improvement in disabilities and activity limitation (below the MCID) in COPD. Thus, the inclusion of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in rehabilitation programs must consider the cost Because of inadequate methodological conduction and reporting of methods, some studies were of low quality.

Ultrasound Protocols to Assess Skeletal and Diaphragmatic Muscle in People Who Are Critically Ill: A Systematic Review.

This study aims to review published studies that use protocols and ultrasound measurements to evaluate skeletal and diaphragmatic muscles in patients who are critically ill. We searched for references on databases through September 2020 and included in our systematic review studies that used muscular ultrasound to assess skeletal or diaphragm muscles in patients who are critically ill. Seventy-six studies were included, 32 (1720 patients) using skeletal-muscle ultrasound and 44 (2946 patients) using diaphragmatic-muscle ultrasound, with a total of 4666 patients. The population is predominantly adult men. As for designs, most studies (n = 62) were cohort studies. B-mode B was dominant in the evaluations. Medium-to-high frequency bands were used in the analysis of peripheral muscles and medium-to-low frequency bands for diaphragmatic muscles. Evaluation of the echogenicity, muscle thickness and pennation angle of the muscle was also reported. These variables are important in the composition of the diagnosis of muscle loss. Studies demonstrate great variability in their protocols, and sparse description of the important variables that can directly interfere with the quality and validity of these measures. Therefore, a document is needed that standardizes these parameters for ultrasound assessment in patients who are critically ill.

Progressive active mobilization with dose control and training load in critically ill patients (PROMOB): Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

The dose of progressive active mobilization is still uncertain. The purpose of this study is to identify if the addition of a protocol of progressive active mobilization with dose and training load control to usual care is effective in reducing the length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and the improvement of the functioning, incidence of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW), mechanical ventilation duration and mortality rate in patients hospitalized in ICU. It is Double-blind randomised clinical trial. The setting for this trial will be medical and surgical ICU of a university hospital. The study participants will be 118 patients aged> 18 years admitted to ICU for less than 72 hours. Participants will be randomized to either an experimental or control group. The experimental group will undertake addition of a protocol of progressive active mobilization with dose and training load control to usual care, while the control group will undertake only usual care. The primary outcome will be length of ICU stay. The secondary outcomes will be Cross-sectional area and muscle thickness of the rectus femoris and biceps brachii, Change in muscle strength from the baseline, Functional Status, incidence of ICUAW, Days with mechanical ventilation and Mortality. All statistical analyses will be conducted following intention-to-treat principles. It has a detailed description of the dose of exercise, was designed with the strictest methodological criteria. These characteristics allow to investigate with greater certainty the results progressive active mobilization in critical patients, allowing replication and future combinations in meta-analyzes.

Pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva que não adotam postura antigravitacional apresentam maiores chances de óbito / Pacientes hospitalizados en unidad de cuidados intensivos que no adoptan postura antigravitacional pueden tener mayores posibilidades de fallecimiento / Patients admitted to an intensive care unit who do not adopt an antigravity posture have a higher odds of death

RESUMO Ainda há poucos marcadores de desempenho funcional com capacidade de predizer óbito em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTI). O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a associação entre a não adoção de postura antigravitacional e óbito em pacientes internados em uma UTI adulto. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo e analítico, realizado através da análise de prontuários. A associação entre a não adoção de postura antigravitacional e óbito foi testada por regressão logística múltipla ajustada por sexo, idade, gravidade da doença (mensurada pelo Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Classification System II [Apache II]), tempo de ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) e tempo de sedação. A odds ratio (OR) foi estimada com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Foram incluídos no estudo 92 pacientes sequenciais. Houve forte associação entre a não adoção de postura antigravitacional em UTI e óbito (ORajustada=37,7; IC=4,76-293; p=0,001). Conclui-se que pacientes que não adotaram postura antigravitacional durante o internamento em UTI apresentaram chances muito mais elevadas de mortalidade. Essa simples estratégia de classificação da capacidade funcional de pacientes críticos pode ser utilizada rotineiramente por equipes de saúde como uma variável simples e dicotômica de prognóstico de mortalidade em UTI.

RESUMEN Aún existen pocos marcadores de desempeño funcional con capacidad de predecir la muerte en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar la asociación entre la no adopción de postura antigravitacional y el óbito en pacientes hospitalizados en una UCI adulto. Se trata de un estudio retrospectivo y analítico, realizado mediante análisis de historia clínica. La asociación entre la no adopción de postura antigravitacional y el fallecimiento fue probada por regresión logística múltiple ajustada por sexo, edad, gravedad de la enfermedad (medida por la Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Classification System II [Apache II]), tiempo de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) y tiempo de sedación. Se estimó la odds ratio (OR) con intervalo de confianza (IC=95%). Se incluyeron en el estudio 92 pacientes secuenciales. Se observó una fuerte asociación entre la no adopción de postura antigravitacional en UCI y el óbito (ORajustada=37,7; IC=4,76-293; p=0,001). De esta forma, se puede concluir que pacientes que no adoptaron postura antigravitacional durante la hospitalización en UCI tuvieron posibilidades mucho más elevadas de mortalidad. Esta simple estrategia de clasificación de la capacidad funcional de pacientes críticos puede ser utilizada de manera rutinaria por el equipo de salud como una variable simple y dicotómica de pronóstico de mortalidad en UCI.

ABSTRACT Until now, few functional performance markers are able to predict death in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). This study aimed to identify the association between non-adoption of antigravity posture and death in patients admitted to an adult ICU. It is a retrospective and analytical study, performed through the analysis of medical records. Association between non-adoption of antigravity posture and death was tested by multiple logistic regression adjusted for gender, age, disease severity (measured by Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Classification System II [Apache II]), time of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), and period of sedation. The odds ratio (OR) with confidence interval (CI=95%) was estimated. A total of 92 sequential patients were included in the study. A strong association between the non-adoption of antigravity posture in the ICU and death (ORadjusted=37.7, CI=4.76-293, p=0.001) was observed. Thus, one can conclude that patients who did not adopt an antigravity posture during ICU admission had a much higher odds of mortality. This simple strategy to classify functional capacity of critical patients can be routinely used by the team as a simple and dichotomous variable for ICU mortality prognosis.

Age and mini-mental state examination score can predict poor-quality spirometry in the elderly: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to identify predictors of poor-quality spirometry in community-dwelling older adults and their respective cutoffs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study involving 245 elderly subjects (age≥60 years). The spirometric data were categorized as good or poor quality, and cognitive status was assessed using an adapted version (scaled to have a maximum of 19 points) of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between poor-quality spirometry and sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics. The best cutoff points for predicting poor-quality spirometry were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In this population, 61 (24.9%) subjects with poor-quality spirometry were identified. After multiple logistic regression analysis, only age and Mini-Mental State Examination score were still associated with poor-quality spirometry (p≤0.05). The cutoff for the Mini-Mental State Examination score was 15 points, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.628 (p=0.0017), sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 49.5%; for age, the cutoff was 78 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.718 (p=0.0001), sensitivity of 57.4% and specificity of 79.9%. CONCLUSION: Age and Mini-Mental State Examination score together are good predictors of poor-quality spirometry and can contribute to the screening of community-dwelling older adults unable to meet the minimum quality criteria for a spirometric test.

Evaluation of the description of active mobilisation protocols for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The complete description of exercise interventions is essential to allow for the replication of clinical trials and to the correct application in clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review was to evaluate of the description of the active mobilisation protocols in patients on invasive mechanical ventilation at intensive care units (ICU). METHODS: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template. RESULTS: We identified 16 RCTs (n = 1,850). None sufficiently described the intervention for all items required for replication. The frequency, intensity, time, volume, and progression of active mobilisation as well as other important components of the intervention such as the instructor's qualifications/expertise, the types and incidence of adverse events, and the adherence to the exercise intervention were not adequately reported. CONCLUSION: Active mobilisation interventions were only incompletely described in RCTs, which can compromise replication in both, clinical and research settings. REGISTRATION: PROSPRERO (CRD42017068762).

Addition of an educational programme for primary caregivers to rehabilitation improves self-care and mobility in children with cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the addition of an education programme for primary caregivers to rehabilitation improves daily functioning in children with cerebral palsy. DESIGN: A randomized, single-blind, controlled study. SETTING: This study was conducted in a rehabilitation centre in Salvador, Brazil. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 63 boys and girls with cerebral palsy, at 1-12 years of age, with Gross Motor Function Classification Systems I-V, were randomly assigned to two groups: educational programme for primary caregivers and conventional rehabilitation ( n = 29) or conventional rehabilitation alone ( n = 31). INTERVENTION: Each group received 12 sessions of 30 minutes of conventional rehabilitation and 12 sessions of 45 minutes to intervention group. MEASUREMENTS: Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Measure and daily functioning with the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory were assessed by a blinded assessor. The clinical outcomes were obtained at the completion of treatment (12 weeks). RESULTS: Of the 63 patients included, 60 (mean ± SD age: 4.6 ± 2.74 years) completed the protocol. The combined education and rehabilitation, as compared with conventional rehabilitation alone, yielded significantly greater benefit in the self-care domain of the Functional Skills Scale (mean change 1.74 versus 5; P = 0.001), self-care (mean change 5.52 versus 13.99; P = 0.017) and the mobility domain of the Caregiver Assistance Scale of Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (mean change 0.87 versus 17.88; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION: Self-care and mobility improved in children with cerebral palsy with the addition to conventional rehabilitation of an educational programme for primary caregivers.

Age and mini-mental state examination score can predict poor-quality spirometry in the elderly: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: The goal was to identify predictors of poor-quality spirometry in community-dwelling older adults and their respective cutoffs. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional population-based study involving 245 elderly subjects (age≥60 years). The spirometric data were categorized as good or poor quality, and cognitive status was assessed using an adapted version (scaled to have a maximum of 19 points) of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Multivariate analysis was used to assess the association between poor-quality spirometry and sociodemographic, behavioral and health characteristics. The best cutoff points for predicting poor-quality spirometry were evaluated by the receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: In this population, 61 (24.9%) subjects with poor-quality spirometry were identified. After multiple logistic regression analysis, only age and Mini-Mental State Examination score were still associated with poor-quality spirometry (p≤0.05). The cutoff for the Mini-Mental State Examination score was 15 points, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.628 (p=0.0017), sensitivity of 74.5% and specificity of 49.5%; for age, the cutoff was 78 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.718 (p=0.0001), sensitivity of 57.4% and specificity of 79.9%. CONCLUSION: Age and Mini-Mental State Examination score together are good predictors of poor-quality spirometry and can contribute to the screening of community-dwelling older adults unable to meet the minimum quality criteria for a spirometric test.

A relação VEF1/CVF não é preditora da síndrome da fragilidade em idosos / The FEV1 / FVC ratio is not predictive of frailty syndrome in the elderly

Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre a relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo e capacidade vital forçada (VEF1/CVF) com a Síndrome da Fragilidade (SF) em idosos. Método: estudo analítico, transversal, de base populacional, com abordagem quantitativa. Para as análises, foi realizada regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: foram estudados 162 idosos, com prevalência da SF de 13,6% e média de idade de 70,7 anos (±6,9). Não houve associação VEF1/CVF e SF (OR = 0,98; IC95%: 0,94-1,02; p = 0,352) e nem percentual do valor predito da VEF1/CVF e SF (OR = 0,98; IC95%: 0,95-1,01; p = 0,342), independentemente do grupo etário e auto percepção de saúde. Conclusão: a relação VEF1/CVF não é capaz de predizer a Síndrome da Fragilidade em idosos residentes em comunidade.

Desenvolvimento de software para interpretação de dados gasométricos aplicável em unidades de terapia intensiva / Software development for gasometric data interpretation applicable in intensive care units

O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um software para interpretação de dados gasométricos aplicável em UTIs. Trata-se de estudo de caráter experimental, sendo selecionada uma base teórica em Java com a IDE NetBeans 6.8 por meio de parceria com profissionais capacitados em Sistemas de Informação. O desenvolvimento do programa foi baseado na criação de um algoritmo, uma sequência de instruções bem definidas e não ambíguas a serem executadas mecanicamente com a finalidade de fornecer um diagnóstico desejado. Foi criado um software aplicável em UTIs denominado InterGas, que é um programa de fácil instalação, possui interface de fácil compreensão e utilização, além de processar os dados rapidamente e de forma precisa, oferecendo como resultado final o diagnóstico para o distúrbio do equilíbrio ácido-básico. O desconhecimento de outra ferramenta que reúna todos os componentes do InterGas o torna um software pioneiro que facilita a tomada de decisão à medida que caracteriza a ocorrência de distúrbios mistos utilizando fórmulas de compensação. Com isso, futuros estudos deverão ser feitos com o objetivo de avaliar aspectos relacionados à implementação e eficácia do software desenvolvido.

The objective of this study was to develop a software for data interpretation of gasometric applicable in Intensive Care Units that can provide a diagnosis for disorders of acid-base balance. This is an experimental study being selected on a theoretical basis with the Java IDE NetBeans 6.8 through a partnership with professionals trained in Information Systems. The program development was based on creating an algorithm, a sequence of well-defined and unambiguous to be performed mechanically in order to provide a desired diagnosis. We created a software applicable in intensive care units called InterGas, which is a program easy to install, has an interface easy to understand and use, and to process the data quickly and accurately providing as the final diagnosis for the disorder the acid-base balance. The lack of another tool that brings together all the components of InterGas makes it a pioneering software that facilitates decision-making, as it characterizes the occurrence of mixed disturbances using compensation formulas.