Oral Cleft and Maternal History of Spontaneous Abortion: A Case-Control Study.

To investigate and compare the occurrence of previous spontaneous abortion among mothers of children with nonsyndromic oral clefts (NSOC) and mothers of children without NSOC; to understand if previous spontaneous abortion could be a risk factor for the occurrence of NSOC in subsequent pregnancies.Case-control study.Nonsyndromic oral clefts is an important public health problem. In the context of investigating risk factors for the occurrence of this malformation, previous spontaneous abortion have been considered in the etiology at NSOC.There were 1004 participants. In the case group 502 mothers of children with NSOC, and in the control group 502 mothers of children without NSOC or any other malformation or syndrome.A standardized questionnaire was utilized to interview the maternal history of spontaneous abortion.The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics, and comparisons were performed using the Chi-square test, adopting a significance level of 5%.The prevalence of maternal history of spontaneous abortion was 16.3% in the case group and 15.9% in the control group. Comparing the groups there was no statistical difference (p-value = 0.93). Analyzing the occurrence of previous spontaneous abortion, separating the case group according to the type of cleft in the child, no statistical differences were observed when comparing these groups between them.Maternal history of spontaneous abortion was not associated with NSOC, not representing an independent risk factor for NSOC in the Brazilian population.

Family history in non-syndromic orofacial clefts: Is there a pattern?

OBJECTIVE: To survey the frequency and pattern of family history for non-syndromic orofacial clefts (NSOFC). Initial hypothesis: more complex forms have a higher frequency of positive family history. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was carried with 2,668 subjects with three different types of clefts (CL Group (cleft lip), CLP Group (cleft lip and palate), and CP group (cleft palate)); family history information was collected. The Chi-square (X2 ) and Z-test were used. RESULTS: A positive family history was found in 31% of the sample. The CLP Group had highest percentage and highest proportion of affected relatives, being these factors statistically significant when compared to the CP Group. Comparisons between the CLP Male and CL Male with CP Male were statistically significant. First-degree kinship was the most frequently found. CONCLUSIONS: The initial hypothesis was confirmed, subjects with CLP had the highest percentage of positive family history, the highest proportion of affected relatives and had more affected relatives in comparison with CP. It is more common to find affected relatives in the CLP Male and CL Male groups when compared with CP Male. CLP and CP groups present a pattern of occurrence of the type of cleft in the family.

Can parental consanguinity be a risk factor for the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral cleft?

BACKGROUND: The cleft lip with or without palate is the most common congenital craniofacial anomaly, presenting prevalence that varies between different ethnicities. It presents a complex and multifactorial etiology which involves genetic and environmental factors. Regarding family history, some studies have observed a significant association among parental consanguinity and orofacial clefts. AIMS: To investigate if there is an association between parental consanguinity and the occurrence of oral cleft in the offspring. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional, quantitative case-control study. SUBJECTS: Case group - parents of subjects with nonsyndromic oral cleft (n = 746). Oral cleft was classified in the following group: cleft lip only - CLO (complete or incomplete, unilateral or bilateral); complete cleft lip and palate - CLP (unilateral or bilateral); and, cleft palate only - CPO (complete or incomplete). Control group - parents of subjects without clefts or other anomalies (n = 502), totaling 1248 subjects. OUTCOME MEASURES: Fisher's exact test was used to compare the consanguinity rates observed between the two groups (p < 0.05 for statistically significant differences). RESULTS: A positive consanguinity rate of 2.68% was observed in the case group and 0.79% in the control group. This difference found between the groups was statistically significant (p = 0.02). The most frequent degree of kinship in cases of consanguineous marriages, in both groups, was between first cousins. The most frequent types of clefts in the offspring were also the cleft palate only and the cleft lip only. CONCLUSION: In the study population, parental consanguinity was associated with the occurrence of nonsyndromic oral cleft, and may be considered an isolated risk factor in this population.