ABSTRACT
AIM: To assess the impact of adult body mass index (BMI) trajectories on the risk of obesity-related noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in the U.S. adults after adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2007 to 2018, including male and female participants aged 29-59 years. Rao-Scott adjusted chi-square was employed to detect associations between categorical variables in descriptive analyses. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for NCDs and BMI trajectories, adjusted for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Kaplan-Meier curves illustrated the cumulative incidence over time. RESULTS: Analyses were carried out on 15 721 participants and revealing significant differences among BMI trajectories in terms of demographic, lifestyle, and health characteristics. The overall prevalence of NCDs was 28.0% (95%CI:26.6-28.9). The cumulative incidence over time was higher in the high increase, moderate increase, and mixed trajectory groups, with a correspondingly higher cumulative risk (p < 0.001). Non-overweight trajectory was considered reference category in Cox models. The BMI trajectories were independently associated with an increased risk of NCDs, even after adjusting for potential confounders (HR: 1.7; 95%CI: 1.4-1.9 for moderate increase; HR: 3.6; 95%CI: 3.2-4.1 for high increase; and HR: 2.4; 95%CI: 2.1-2.7, for mixed). Furthermore, differences between males and females were also observed. CONCLUSION: The transition to and persistence of obesity into adulthood increases the risk of NCDs. The implementation of targeted interventions with long-term monitoring of BMI may be beneficial in the prevention of future obesity-related NCDs.
Subject(s)
Noncommunicable Diseases , Adult , Humans , Male , Female , Body Mass Index , Nutrition Surveys , Risk Factors , Obesity/epidemiology , Risk AssessmentABSTRACT
Introduction: Food insecurity (FI) is a state characterized by instability and irregularity of access to food. This condition has negative impacts on dietary intake, affecting nutritional status and health condition. Objective: To evaluate the association between malnutrition and FI among communitydwelling older adults attended to under the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Materials and methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted using communitydwelling older adults attended to under the FHS in the municipality of Barreiras, in Bahia, Brazil. Between 2017 e 2018, we collected demographic, social, economic, health condition, lifestyle, anthropometric, and food consumption data. We evaluated nutritional status using the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and we assessed FI with the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale (EBIA). Besides the chi-squared test, we carried out a binary logistic regression to verify the association between malnutrition and FI, adjusted for possible confounding factors. The significance level was p<0.05. Results: We evaluated 307 older adults with a mean age of 70.4 (±7.5 years). The prevalence of malnutrition/risk of malnutrition was 35.2% and that of FI was 63.5%. Households with older adults in moderate/severe FI presented almost three times more chance (OR 2.97; CI95% 1.37-6.44) of having malnutrition compared with those in food security. Conclusions: The study indicates that there is an association between household FI and malnutrition/risk of malnutrition among older adults from the FHS, especially among those in severe FI. This result attributes to FI the status of determinant of malnutrition in older adults within the context investigated(AU)
Introducción: La inseguridad alimentaria (IA) es un estado caracterizado por la inestabilidad e irregularidad en el acceso a los alimentos. Esta condición tiene impactos negativos en la ingesta de alimentos, afectando el estado nutricional y la condición de salud. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre desnutrición e IA en adultos mayores comunitarios atendidos en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF). Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con ancianos de comunidad atendidos en la ESF del municipio Barreiras, Bahía, Brasil. Entre 2017 y 2018, se recolectaron datos demográficos, sociales, económicos, condición de salud, estilo de vida, antropométricos y de consumo de alimentos. El estado nutricional se evaluó por la Mini Evaluación Nutricional (MEN) y la IA con la Escala Brasilera de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA). Además de la prueba de chi-cuadrado, se realizó una regresión logística binaria para verificar la asociación entre desnutrición e IA, ajustada para posibles factores de confusión. El nivel de significancia fue p<0,05. Resultados: Fueron evaluados 307 ancianos, con una edad media de 70,4 (±7,5 años). La prevalencia de desnutrición/riesgo de desnutrición fue de 35,2% y la de IA de 63,5%. Los hogares con adultos mayores en IA moderada/grave presentaron casi tres veces más chance (OR 2,97; IC95% 1,37-6,44) de tener desnutrición en comparación con aquellos en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Conclusiones: El estudio apunta que existe asociación entre la IA domiciliaria y desnutrición/ riesgo de desnutrición entre los ancianos de la ESF, especialmente entre aquellos con IA severa. Este resultado atribuye a la IA un estatus de determinante de la desnutrición en ancianos en el contexto investigado(AU)
