Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 17 de 17
Filter
1.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (253): 9-22, 1er trim. 2024. graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-232365

ABSTRACT

La Covid-19 es una enfermedad causada por el virus SARS-Cov-2. Más allá de los síntomas respiratorios característicos de la enfermedad, se produce una afectación multisistémica, que incluye al Sistema Nervioso Central (SNC). El 15.2% de las personas infectadas experimentan la persistencia de los síntomas o el desarrollo de nuevos síntomas relacionados con la infección tras la recuperación de la fase aguda. La fatiga y el deterioro cognitivo destacan entre los síntomas principales de las personas con Long Covid/Covid Persistente, quienes refieren sobre todo dificultades atencionales, mnésicas y ejecutivas. Este conjunto de síntomas cognitivos ha recibido el término de “niebla mental”. Todo ello, junto a las alteraciones psicopatológicas - ansiedad, depresión y/o trastornos del sueño - tiene un impacto significativo en el funcionamiento diario y en la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas. El progreso en el conocimiento de los síntomas mentales de la Long Covid es imprescindible para diseñar intervenciones terapéuticas. Su reconocimiento también es importante en la valoración de la capacidad laboral. El objetivo de esta revisión es presentar de forma didáctica la información disponible sobre disfunción cognitiva y alteraciones psicopatológicas post Covid-19. (AU)


Covid-19 is a disease caused by the SARSCov-2 virus. Beyond the respiratory symp toms characteristic of the disease, there is multisystem involvement, including the Central Nervous System (CNS). 15.2% of infected people experience persistence of symptoms or development of new infection-related symptoms after recovery from the acute phase. Fatigue and cognitive impairment are among the main symptoms of people with Long Covid/Persistent Covid, who report mainly attentional, memory and executive difficulties. This set of cognitive symptoms has been given the term "brain fog". Together with psychopathological disturbances - anxiety, depression and/or sleep disorders - they have a significant impact on the daily functioning and quality of life of those affected. Progress in the knowledge of the mental symptoms of Long Covid is essential to design therapeutic interventions. Their recognition is also important in the assessment of work capacity. The aim of this review is to present in a didactic way the available information on cognitive dysfunction and psychopathological alterations post Covid-19. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction , Fatigue , Anxiety , Depression , Sleep Wake Disorders
2.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (246): 9-21, 1er trimestre 2022. graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-208055

ABSTRACT

The psychiatric syndromes derived from acquired brain injury are the behaviouralconsequences of the combination of cognitive,emotional and volitional sequelae. Theirimpact on the quality of life of patients andrelatives is far greater tan the impact ofmotor or sensory deficit. The descriptionof these behavioural presentations and anattempt to understand the formation of thesymptoms will be undertaken. Changes inawareness, empathy, emotional recognitionand regulation are important mediating factors.Behavioural changes mainly take theform of disinhibition or apathy. Psychoticsyndromes, major depression or bipolar disordersare rare. Some delusional ideas respondto changes in the perception of noveltyor to changes in body perception. (AU)


Los síndromes psiquiátricos y los cambios conductuales que se derivan del daño cerebralson las consecuencias de la combinaciónde las alteraciones volitivas, emocionales ycognitivas. El impacto en la calidad de vidade los pacientes y de sus familiares es significativamentemayor que el impacto de las secuelasmotoras o sensoriales. En este artículose aborda la descripción de estos trastornosneuropsiquiátricos y se propone un acercamientoa la comprensión de cómo se gestan.Los cambios en conciencia de situación, empatía,reconocimiento y regulación emocionalson factores mediadores importantes enla formación de los síntomas. Los cambiosconductuales se presentan principalmente enforma de apatía o desinhibición. Los síndromespsicóticos, los trastornos bipolares o ladepresión mayor son muy poco frecuentes.Por otro lado, las ideas delirantes respondena cambios en la percepción de la novedad/familiaridad de los estímulos o a cambios enla percepción del cuerpo que ocurren tras lesionesdel hemisferio derecho. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Neuropsychiatry/classification , Neuropsychiatry/trends , Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis , Brain Damage, Chronic/therapy , Conduct Disorder , Apathy , Inhibition, Psychological
3.
Rev. colomb. psiquiatr ; 46(supl.1): 36-42, oct.-dic. 2017. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-960155

ABSTRACT

Resumen Las alteraciones de la conducta social por traumatismo craneoencefálico son el resultado de la disfunción de procesos psíquicos involucrados en las relaciones sociales e interpersonales. El concepto de cognición social se ha desarrollado en el estudio de la esquizofrenia, el autismo y la discapacidad intelectual. Los límites del concepto y su estructura interna distan de estar asentados, pero conceptos como teoría de la mente, empatía y procesamiento emocional están presentes en todos los modelos publicados. Las intervenciones propuestas para mejorar la conducta social se centran en la mejora de procesos cognitivos como la memoria de trabajo, el reconocimiento y el procesamiento de las emociones, la capacidad empática o el entrenamiento en habilidades sociales. La evidencia sobre la eficacia de las estrategias que se centran en la cognición social es todavía escasa.


Abstract Social behaviour disorders in traumatic brain injury are caused by the dysfunction of cognitive processes involved in social and interpersonal interaction. The concept of social cognition was introduced by authors studying schizophrenia, autism or mental retardation. The boundaries and the content of the concept have not yet been definitively defined, but theory of mind, empathy and emotional processing are included in all the models proposed.The strategies proposed to improve social behaviour focus on the restoration of cognitive processes such as working memory, emotional recognition and processing, and empathy, as well as social skills. To date, there is very little evidence on the efficacy of the aforementioned social cognition strategies.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Social Behavior , Brain Injuries, Traumatic , Behavior , Cognition , Empathy , Social Skills , Memory, Short-Term , Intellectual Disability
4.
Rev Colomb Psiquiatr ; 46 Suppl 1: 36-42, 2017 Oct.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29037337

ABSTRACT

Social behaviour disorders in traumatic brain injury are caused by the dysfunction of cognitive processes involved in social and interpersonal interaction. The concept of social cognition was introduced by authors studying schizophrenia, autism or mental retardation. The boundaries and the content of the concept have not yet been definitively defined, but theory of mind, empathy and emotional processing are included in all the models proposed. The strategies proposed to improve social behaviour focus on the restoration of cognitive processes such as working memory, emotional recognition and processing, and empathy, as well as social skills. To date, there is very little evidence on the efficacy of the aforementioned social cognition strategies.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries, Traumatic/complications , Cognition Disorders/rehabilitation , Social Behavior Disorders/rehabilitation , Autistic Disorder/psychology , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/prevention & control , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/psychology , Cognition/physiology , Cognition Disorders/etiology , Humans , Intellectual Disability/psychology , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Social Behavior , Social Behavior Disorders/etiology , Social Skills
5.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (229): 27-39, jul.-sept. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-167999

ABSTRACT

Los ictus son un grupo de trastornos bruscos de la irrigación cerebral que se manifiestan por una combinación de alteraciones físicas y psíquicas. En muchos casos supone una disminución de la autonomía funcional y la calidad de vida de la persona. Durante los últimos años, la investigación y los programas de rehabilitación se han dirigido a mejorar los déficit motores y del lenguaje; las alteraciones psicopatológicas, con excepción de la depresión, han sido en términos generales ignoradas. El presente artículo revisa la literatura que se centra en alteraciones psicopatológicas secundarias al ictus. Quedan excluidos de la revisión los trastornos cognitivos. Se agrupan los trastornos en tres grandes áreas: alteraciones emocionales (depresión, trastorno bipolar, ansiedad y emocionalismo), trastornos conductuales (irritabilidad, agresividad y apatía) y alteraciones psicóticas, estas últimas mucho menos prevalentes que las dos primeras


Stroke refers to sudden pathology of cerebral blood flow that generates a combination of physical and mental changes. In many cases this means a loss of functionality and quality of life. Research and rehabilitation efforts have focused on language and motor deficit; psychopathological changes have been neglected with the exception of depression. This article reviews the available literature on psychopathological changes after stroke. Cognitive changes have been excluded from this review. Psychopathological changes are classified in three types: emotional changes (depression, bipolar disorder, emotionalism), behavioural changes (irritability, aggressiveness, apathy) and psychotic disorders. The latter are far less frequentporq


Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke/psychology , Psychopathology/methods , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Neurocognitive Disorders , Affective Symptoms/psychology , Information Systems , Depression/psychology , Aggression/psychology , Bipolar Disorder/psychology , Social Isolation/psychology , Conduct Disorder/psychology
6.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (229): 41-51, jul.-sept. 2017. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-168000

ABSTRACT

Se presenta la visión de 62 familias españolas que viven con una persona con Síndrome de Angelman. Mayoritariamente son menores de edad con importantes problemas de comunicación, autonomía, control motor y conducta. Reciben mucha más atención profesional en los ámbitos de comunicación y control motor que en los de conducta y autonomía. El desarrollo de modelos de atención en estas dos áreas es prioritaria. La epilepsia y los problemas de sueño también son muy prevalentes y son atendidos en el ámbito sanitario. Según avanzan en edad un mayor porcentaje de niños son escolarizados en centros de educación especial. Más de un tercio de las personas habían sido diagnosticadas con confirmación genética en el primer año y dos tercios antes de los dos años. El asesoramiento tras el diagnóstico es una clara área de mejora


The view of 62 Spanish families that share their lives with someone with Angelman syndrome is presented. They are mostly under 18 and present problems in communication, motor control, behavior and functional independence. They get much more professional help in communication and motor control than in the areas of social behavior and functionality. The development of models of support in these two areas is a priority. Epilepsy and sleep problems are also very prevalent and are dealt with within the health system. The older the children are the higher the probability of receiving education in a special school. More than one third of the sample got genetic diagnosis within the first year of life and more than two thirds within the second. Follow-up and counseling after diagnosis is missing in many cases; in order to provide comprehensive support this needs to be improved


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Angelman Syndrome/psychology , Family/psychology , Angelman Syndrome/epidemiology , Health Communication/methods , Speech/physiology , Spain/epidemiology , Angelman Syndrome/rehabilitation , Surveys and Questionnaires , Data Analysis/methods
7.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (228): 55-61, abr.-jun. 2017. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-164421

ABSTRACT

Los ictus son un grupo de trastornos bruscos de la irrigación cerebral que se manifiestan por una combinación de alteraciones físicas y psíquicas. El presente artículo se centra en la descripción de los trastornos emocionales y conductuales postictus. Entre los primeros destaca la depresión y se revisan los diagnósticos diferenciales. En relación a las alteraciones conductuales, las descripciones de acompañan de análisis explicativos que toman prestados conceptos de la neuropsicología cognitiva, y de las áreas de la cognición social y de los trastornos de la conciencia


Stroke refers to sudden pathology of cerebral blood flow that generates a combination of physical and mental changes. This paper focuses on the description of postictus emotional and behavioural changes. Postictus depression and its differential diagnosis is discussed. In relation to the behavioural changes the descriptions (irritability, aggressiveness, apathy) are presented together with explanatory hypothesis that make use of concepts from cognitive psychology, social cognition and the psychology of insight and awareness


Subject(s)
Humans , Stroke/complications , Conduct Disorder/epidemiology , Affective Symptoms/epidemiology , Depression/epidemiology , Consciousness Disorders/epidemiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Amnesia, Anterograde/epidemiology
8.
NeuroRehabilitation ; 35(1): 67-76, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24990011

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Neurobehavioral disorders are common consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that should be objectively assessed in this population. The use of scales allows us to unify terms both in clinical practice and investigative work; it also constitutes a useful guide in clinical interviews and makes it possible to see outcome changes in patients with or without intervention. The aim of this study is to review the most frequently neurobehavioral scales used to measure the non-cognitive disorders of conduct in TBI patients. METHOD: A systematic and descriptive literature review was done in Medline, without time limit, which focused on scales applied to behavioral disorders in moderate and severe TBI patients. RESULTS: Ninety articles were selected for the final review and thirty-seven different scales were identified. Seven of these instruments represent sixty-five percent of all behavioral scales applied in the studies collected and were selected for the present review. There are scales that are more general and include a wide range of neurobehavioral symptoms, like the Neurobehavioral Rating Scale and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. On the opposite, there are questionnaires that focus on specific symptoms like aggressiveness, agitation and apathy such as the Agitated Behavior Scale or the Apathy Evaluation Scale. The forms for caregiver or staff were the most prevalent in our review. The most representative behavioral scales applied to moderate and severe TBI patients were analyzed using clinical useful, covered domains, item descriptions, administration procedures and psychometric properties.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/diagnosis , Brain Injuries/psychology , Severity of Illness Index , Surveys and Questionnaires , Adult , Caregivers/psychology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Mental Disorders/psychology , Middle Aged , Psychometrics/methods , Psychometrics/standards , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Young Adult
9.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 56(7): 363-369, 1 abr., 2013. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-110978

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Describir la frecuencia de consumo de alcohol y tóxicos en pacientes con traumatismo craneoencefálico (TCE) y valorar su relación con los trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, la funcionalidad y la sobrecarga del cuidador. Pacientes y métodos. Se valoraron 156 pacientes con historia de TCE moderado y grave. Se determinó el consumo previo de alcohol y tóxicos. A los informantes de los pacientes se les administró el inventario neuropsiquiátrico (NPI) y la escala de sobrecarga del cuidador de Zarit. La funcionalidad de los pacientes se valoró mediante la escala de puntuación de discapacidad (DRS) y la escala de coma de Glasgow extendida (GOSE). Resultados. Treinta y seis pacientes (23%) eran consumidores habituales de alcohol y otros tóxicos antes del traumatismo. Las alteraciones neuropsiquiátricas fueron más frecuentes y graves en el grupo de consumidores habituales, en especial la irritabilidad y la agitación-agresividad. Sus cuidadores percibieron una sobrecarga mayor. Después del TCE, 16 pacientes (44,4%) recayeron en el consumo. Tener una edad superior y vivir en pareja se asociaron a una mayor tasa de abstinencia. Conclusión. El antecedente de consumo de alcohol y tóxicos es frecuente en pacientes que han sufrido TCE y constituye un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de alteraciones conductuales. Se necesitan intervenciones más activas encaminadas a la detección de estos casos y a la prevención de recaídas tras el traumatismo (AU)


Aims. To describe the prevalence of alcohol and drugs use in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess their relationship with neuropsychiatric disorders, functioning and caregiver burden. Patients and methods. 156 patients with a history of moderate and severe TBI were evaluated. The use of alcohol and drugs was determined. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Zarit questionnaire were applied to caregivers. The patients functioning were assessed with the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). Results. 36 patients (23%) were regular users of alcohol and other drugs before the TBI. Neuropsychiatric disorders were more frequent and severe in this group, especially irritability and agitation-aggressiveness. Their caregivers perceived a higher burden. After TBI, 16 patients (44.4%) relapsed in alcohol-drugs consumption. Having a higher age and living with a partner were associated with higher rates of abstinence. Conclusion. The history of alcohol and drugs abuse is common in patients with TBI and it is a risk factor for development of behavioral disorders. More active interventions are needed aimed to detect these cases and work for prevention of relapse after trauma (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology , Craniocerebral Trauma/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Caregivers/psychology , Workload/statistics & numerical data , Risk Factors , Statistics on Sequelae and Disability
10.
Rev Neurol ; 56(7): 363-9, 2013 Apr 01.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23520005

ABSTRACT

AIMS: To describe the prevalence of alcohol and drugs use in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to assess their relationship with neuropsychiatric disorders, functioning and caregiver burden. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 156 patients with a history of moderate and severe TBI were evaluated. The use of alcohol and drugs was determined. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) and the Zarit questionnaire were applied to caregivers. The patients functioning were assessed with the Disability Rating Scale (DRS) and Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE). RESULTS: 36 patients (23%) were regular users of alcohol and other drugs before the TBI. Neuropsychiatric disorders were more frequent and severe in this group, especially irritability and agitation-aggressiveness. Their caregivers perceived a higher burden. After TBI, 16 patients (44.4%) relapsed in alcohol-drugs consumption. Having a higher age and living with a partner were associated with higher rates of abstinence. CONCLUSION: The history of alcohol and drugs abuse is common in patients with TBI and it is a risk factor for development of behavioral disorders. More active interventions are needed aimed to detect these cases and work for prevention of relapse after trauma.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/epidemiology , Brain Injuries/epidemiology , Caregivers/psychology , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Brain Injuries/psychology , Brain Injuries/rehabilitation , Comorbidity , Disability Evaluation , Female , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged , Mood Disorders/epidemiology , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychomotor Agitation/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Symptom Assessment , Trauma Severity Indices , Violence/statistics & numerical data , Young Adult
11.
Actas Esp Psiquiatr ; 38(2): 101-7, 2010.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20976639

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: In the forensic setting, diagnosis of sequels and determination of the legal periods are central to the assessment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The analysis of the relationship between descriptors of TBI and legal periods is undertaken. METHOD: Retrospective study of 50 TBI. Demographic information, severity and characteristics of the TBI, neuroimaging data, treatments, legal periods and sequels were gathered. Descriptive statistics and correlational analysis were performed. RESULTS: Glasgow Comma Scale was available in 47 cases but coma duration and posttraumatic amnesia only in 21. There was information on early TAC in 48 cases and followup neuroimaging (after three months) was available in 46. 26 patients received the diagnosis organic personality disorder and this correlated with longer legal periods. Affective disorder (N=6), anxiety disorder (N=5) and postconcussional syndrome (N=5) were less prevalent. Average "time in hospital" was longer than two months. "Healing time" and "disability time" were on average longer than a year. "Healing time" and "time in hospital" were longer with left sided lesions. CONCLUSION: In the forensic assessment of TBI, availability of information regarding the duration of coma and posttraumatic amnesia should be improved. Left sided lesions and the presence of organic personality disorder predict longer legal periods. Understanding of these facts requires a more detailed analysis.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/complications , Mental Disorders/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Female , Humans , Male , Retrospective Studies
12.
Pap. psicol ; 29(3): 301-306, sept. 2008.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-68276

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se realiza una reflexión personal sobre las funciones y el contenido formativo de la especialidad de la neuropsicolo-gía clínica. Se detallan las funciones requeridas en el ámbito de la evaluación, del tratamiento, del apoyo familiar y de la gestión.Asimismo se presentan algunas ideas en cuanto a la formación requerida para su debate y crítica desde la experiencia docente, in-vestigadora y clínica de los autores


The functions of a clinical neuropsychologist and the syllabus of a specialized training in clinical neuropsychology are discussed inthis paper. Assessment, rehabilitation, work with families and team management are some of the areas covered. The authors proposea training framework for clinical neuropsychologists based on their experience in teaching, neurorrehabilitation and research in clini-cal psychology (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Professional Role , Neuropsychology/trends , Medicine/trends , Mental Disorders/therapy , Neuropsychology/education , Mental Disorders/therapy , Mood Disorders/therapy , Professional-Family Relations
14.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (189): 239-252, jul.-sept. 2007. ilus
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-67722

ABSTRACT

En este artículo se presenta información relativa a algunas áreas de la psicopatología del daño cerebral, que resultan especialmente enriquecedoras para el profesional interesado en la comprensión de las alteraciones del comportamiento y de la experiencia psíquica. El objetivo no va a ser repasar de forma exhaustiva todos los síntomas y signos que presentan personas con daño cerebral, sino más bien utilizar algunas de ellas y algunos casos clínicos para profundizar en la relación entre cerebro y conducta.A tal fin se estructura el artículo alrededor de dos grandes epígrafes: los trastornos de la conducta y las alteraciones de la memoria. Los síntomas psicóticos, conceptos centrales de la psicopatología, irán haciendo su aparición de la mano de las alteraciones de la memoria y de las oscilaciones afectivas, siempre acompañadas de cambio de conducta. Como se podrá comprobar en las próximas páginas, lo que se presenta inicialmente como apartados separados, va a estar en realidad plagado de interconexiones y solapamientos. Dicho de otra manera cognición, conducta y psicosis tienden a coexistir y las alteraciones en un ámbito pueden terminar siendo la esencia de la comprensión de la alteración en otro (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Brain Injury, Chronic/psychology , Neurobehavioral Manifestations , Mental Disorders/psychology , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Learning Disabilities/diagnosis , Motor Skills Disorders/diagnosis , Factitious Disorders/diagnosis , Capgras Syndrome/diagnosis
15.
Inf. psiquiátr ; (187): 5-18, 2007.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-057247

ABSTRACT

Se presentan las técnicas de modificación de conducta que han mostrado utilidad para el manejo de los problemas conductuales de los pacientes con daño cerebral adquirido. El artículo revisa en su primera parte los principios y antecedentes históricos que permiten comprender la terapia de la conducta. En la segunda parte se revisa la literatura específica sobre modificación de conducta en esta población. El artículo tiene una pretensión didáctica y divulgativa. Dado que los autores son personas dedi­cadas a labores clínicas y que trabajan en equipos multidisciplinares, las cuestiones asistenciales reciben más atención que los aspectos teóricos o académicos. La labor a realizar con los equipos clínicos cuando se trabaja con estas técnicas y las cuestiones éticas que plantean estas técnicas son analizadas


The behavioural management techniques used with patients with acquired brain injury are presented. In the first part of the paper, basic concepts and the recent history of behaviour therapy are reviewed. The specific literature is reviewed in the second part of the article. It has been written by one psychologist and two psychiatrists working in a multidisciplinary brain injury service. It pursues a didactic goal. Clinical issues receive far more attention than theoretical or academic ones. The type of team work required and the ethical issues commonly raised are analyzed


Subject(s)
Humans , Mental Disorders/therapy , Behavior Therapy/methods , Brain Injuries, Traumatic/psychology , Reinforcement, Psychology
16.
An. psicol ; 20(2): 273-287, dic. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-36461

ABSTRACT

En la revisión del conocimiento sobre la desinhibición conductual en neuropsicología aparecen innumerables descripciones con adjetivos precariamente definidos y con pocas pretensiones de explicar lo observado. Este enfoque descriptivo es el que habitualmente ha adoptado la psiquiatría y la neuropsiquiatría. Sin embargo, el trabajo investigador en neuropsicología requiere algo más que listados de conductas para profundizar en la naturaleza del trastorno. Ello sugiere que también en estos problemas conductuales ha de abordarse el estudio de los procesos subyacentes, aunque el salto entre lo observable y lo subyacente sea, al menos, tan grande como sucede en el estudio de las funciones ejecutivas. El objetivo que se persigue en el presente trabajo es revisar el conocimiento sobre el trastorno denominado desinhibición conductual, incluyendo tanto los aspectos descriptivos como los modelos teóricos explicativos más relevantes sobre el tema. En la literatura científica no parece existir ningún planteamiento teórico que permita dar cuenta por sí solo de la variedad y complejidad de conductas que subyacen a este trastorno. Por ello, no parece suficiente hablar de "conductas frontales", "impulsividad", "fallo en la inhibición", etc., puesto que estos mismos términos pueden estar aludiendo a comportamientos muy diferentes tanto en lo observable como en su etiología (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Personality Disorders/diagnosis , Personality Disorders/physiopathology , Behavioral Symptoms/physiopathology , Inhibition, Psychological , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology
17.
J Head Trauma Rehabil ; 18(6): 532-40, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14707883

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of a memory rehabilitation program. To compare different outcome measures. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve patients with severe traumatic brain injury. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation service. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (REY), California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT), Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test (RBMT), and the Memory Failures in Everyday Memory Questionnaire (MFE). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Exact nonparametric procedures. RESULTS: All patients achieved meaningful functional gains. Modest improvements were found in some of the scales of the CVLT but not in the REY, RBMT, or MFE. CONCLUSION: Functional gains did not correlate with improvement in memory processes. Measurement of changes in independence in activities of daily living mediated by compensatory aids and educational intervention plans with relatives are proposed.


Subject(s)
Brain Injuries/rehabilitation , Memory Disorders/rehabilitation , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Brain Injuries/complications , Female , Humans , Male , Memory Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Treatment Outcome
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL
...