Metabolic syndrome and nutrition in a Granada's tropical coast population.

BACKGROUND: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is described as an association of health problems that a given person may simultaneously or successively develop, and it is considered a serious condition because it is related to a significantly increased risk of suffering diabetes, coronary disease and brain damage. Nutrition, along with other factors such as physical activity and genetic inheritance, has an influence on preventing MS. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to demonstrate important aspects concerning the diagnosis, the prevalence, and the prevention of metabolic syndrome among the population of the tropical coast of Granada. METHODS: 119 individuals from the tropical coast of Granada were studied to collect personal data such as their body mass index, body fat percentage, glycaemia, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and food intake (through nutritional survey). RESULTS: As a result of this research, a metabolic syndrome prevalence of 20,2% was obtained, 58,3% of which was related to women. The results obtained show significant statistical differences between individuals having metabolic syndrome and the control group. Particularly, these differences can be noted in parameters such as the BMI or the % of body fat. Nevertheless, there are no significant differences between the two groups concerning parameters related to nutrition such as % of fat, carbohydrates, proteins and kcal/day. CONCLUSION: As a conclusion from the research, we can state that the metabolic syndrome prevalence among the population of the tropical coast of Granada is similar to the figure obtained for the population in the US and in other areas of Spain. In addition, this research shows that metabolic syndrome is more frequent among individuals whose BMI and % of body fat is higher than 30.

Antecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) es una asociación de problemas de salud que pueden aparecer de forma simultánea o secuencial en un mismo individuo, y es importante porque se relaciona con un incremento significativo de riesgo de diabetes, enfermedad coronaria y enfermedad cerebrovascular. La nutrición junto a otros factores como es el ejercicio físico y la genetica del individuo, influyen en la prevención del SM. Objetivo: Conocer aspectos importantes como el diagnostico, prevalencia y prevención del síndrome metabólico en población de la Costa Tropical Granadina. Métodos: Se estudiaron en 119 individuos de la Costa Granadina parámetros como el indice de masa corporal, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, análisis clínicos de glucosa, colesterol total, colesterol HDL, colesterol LDL y estudiaron valores nutricionales mediante encuesta. Resultados: En el estudio se obtuvo una prevalencia el Síndrome metabólico del 20,2%, del que el 58,3% correspondía a mujeres. Los resultados obtenidos reflejan diferencias estadísticas significativas entre los individuos con síndrome metabólico y el grupo control, observándose dichas diferencias en parámetros tales como IMC o el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Sin embargo en parámetros como porcentaje de lípidos, porcentaje de hidratos de carbono, porcentaje de proteínas y kcal/día no hay diferencias significativas entre los individuos con SM y los individuos control. Conclusión: De esta manera podemos deducir del estudio que la prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en la población de la Costa Tropical Granadina se asemeja a la obtenida en EE.UU y a la obtenida en algunas zonas estudiadas en España. Igualmente, se puede apreciar en este estudio como el síndrome metabólico es más frecuente en personas con IMC y % de grasa corporal superior a 30.

[Evolution of nutritional biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients during a one-year follow-up period]. / Evolución de parámetros bioquímicos nutricionales en pacientes de hemodiálisis durante un año de seguimiento.

Current high survival in hemodialysis patients (52% at 5 years) have made the chronic manifestations to emerge such as the high hyponutrition prevalence of these patients, as well as the importance of the nutritional status in their morbimortality. The reason for protein-caloric hyponutrition is multifactorial, although chronic inflammatory conditions associated to the dialysis technique are becoming more and more relevant. The variations in several nutritional biochemical parameters (total proteins, plasma albumin, transferrin, and total cholesterol) have been assessed in 73 hemodialysis patients for one year. The mean age of the patients was 53.3 +/- 18.69 years (43 males and 30 females). The average on hemodialysis program was 43 +/- 33 months, with a mean session duration of 246 +/- 24 minutes, and mean hemodialysis dose administered of 1.37 +/- 0.27 (KT/V) (second generation Daurgidas). A decrease in all the biochemical parameters assessed has been observed, with statistically significant differences: total proteins (p < 0.001), albumin (p < 0.00001), total cholesterol (p < 0.05), and transferrin (p < 0.01). The evolution of the nutritional biochemical parameters assessed showed an important nutritional deterioration of the patients remaining stable with the therapy.

Different radical scavenging tests in virgin olive oil and their relation to the total phenol content.

Four different antioxidant tests (ABTS*+, DPPH, ORAC, beta-carotene-linoleate model system) were used to determine the free-radical scavenging activity of 39 extra virgin olive oils (EVOO) and compare the total phenol content by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The correlation between the total phenols and antioxidant capacities measured by the four methods was very high, and highest with ABTS*+ (R2 = 0.9905). Some of these methods of measurement were applied to olive-oil samples (OO), with approximately a 50% decrease in the value of the antioxidant capacity in comparison with values found for EVOO. In conclusion, the results show that all the methods tested were suitable for determining the antioxidant capacity of olive oil. The Picual variety of extra-virgin olive oil showed high antioxidant activity.

[Longitudinal study on the body mass index (BMI) of dialysis patients]. / Estudio longitudinal del Indice de masa corporal (IMC) en pacientes en diálisis.

Chronic renal failure is commonly related to hyponutrition, affecting approximately on third of patients with advanced renal failure. We carried out a longitudinal study to assess nutritional evolution of 73 patients on a regular hemodialysis program, assessing changes in the anthropometrical parameter body mass index (BMI) and its correspondence to biochemical nutritional parameters such as total protein (TP) levels and serum albumin (Alb). Every three months plasma TP and albumin levels were collected and BMI was calculated by the standard formula: post-dialysis weight in kg/height in m2. For classifying by BMI categories, overweight and low weight were defined according to the WHO Expert Committee. Studied patients had a mean age of 53 years, 43 were male and 30 were female patients. BMI in women was lower than that in men (p < 0.001), as well as TP (p < 0.001) and Alb (p < 0.001) levels. Mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2. Three point two percent of the determinations showed low weight, 12.16% overweight, and 83.97% normal BMI. TP were normal in 90.76% and decreased in 9.24%. Alb was normal in 82.2% and low in 17.78%. After the follow-up time (21.6 months, minimum 18 months, maximum 53 months), the Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a statistically significant change for BMI but it did show a change for the biochemical parameters albumin and total proteins (p < 0.05): nutritional impairment in CRF patients is manifested on biochemical parameters (TP and Alb) with no reflection on anthropometrical data.