ABSTRACT
The fiery crash of a DC-10 at Sioux City, Iowa, on July 19, 1989, caused a crisis of major proportions, with attendant mental health needs. Various articles have described the need for psychological response teams in such crises. The present article provides practical guidelines for the preparation of a mental health disaster plan and for the coordination of a mental health team responding to a major air disaster. Such disasters can occur in any part of the country at any time. It is hoped that the suggestions in the present article will help teams that respond to future air disasters provide more rapid, effective, and efficient delivery of services to the survivors and their families, and the families of those who are killed.
Subject(s)
Accidents, Aviation/psychology , Crisis Intervention , Disaster Planning , Survival/psychology , Humans , IowaABSTRACT
Dyspareunia, or painful intercourse, is frequently referred to as the most common female sexual dysfunction. It can occur singly or be manifested in combination with other psychosexual disorders. Diagnosis of dyspareunia is appropriate in cases in which the experience of pain is persistent and severe. There has been little agreement concerning the origin of dyspareunia. Organic conditions and psychological variables have alternately been presented as major factors in causality. There is a presumed high incidence of physical disease associated with dyspareunia when compared with other female sexual dysfunctions. In the majority of cases, however, organic factors are thought to be rare in contrast with sexual issues and interpersonal or intrapsychic difficulties as a cause of continuing problems. The finding of an organic basis for dyspareunia does not rule out emotional or psychogenic causes. Thorough and extensive gynecologic and psychological evaluation is essential in cases of dyspareunia. The etiology of dyspareunia should be viewed on a continuum from primarily physical to primarily psychological with many women falling in the middle area.
Subject(s)
Dyspareunia , Dyspareunia/classification , Dyspareunia/diagnosis , Dyspareunia/etiology , Female , HumansABSTRACT
Questionnaires similar to those used in previous research to assess behavioral expectations produced by differing reversal-to-baseline rationales were presented to 160 male and female parents in rural South Dakota. Given two case histories, respondents were asked to predict, as simulated change agents, the frequency of problem behavior during reversal in an ABAB design intervention. The five rationales for reversal were: (a) withdrawal, (b) withdrawal and counter-expectancy, (c) problem switch and counter-expectancy, (d) fade and counter-expectancy and (e) inert treatment and counter-expectancy. While obtained means were close to those of a previous study, there were no significant sex or treatment effects. This fails to confirm the earlier results obtained from university undergraduates. Implications for internal validity of ABAB designs are discussed.
Subject(s)
Behavior Therapy/methods , Child Behavior Disorders/therapy , Enuresis/therapy , Set, Psychology , Adult , Child , Female , Humans , Male , ResearchABSTRACT
This study investigated the effects of reliability and validity "enhancers" on fidelity of self-report data in an analogue therapy situation. Under the guise of a Concentration Skills Training Program, 57 Ss were assigned randomly to one of the following conditions: (a) Reliability Enhancement; (b) Truth Talk; (c) No Comment Control. Results indicated significant differences among groups (p less than .05). In addition, tests of multiple comparisons revealed that Reliability Enhancement was significantly different from Truth Talk in occurrences of unreliability (p less than .05). These findings are discussed in light of the increased reliance on self-report data in behavioral intervention, and recommendations are made for future research.
Subject(s)
Self Concept , Self-Assessment , Set, Psychology , Alpha Rhythm , Attention , Behavior Therapy , Biofeedback, Psychology , Cues , Female , Guilt , Humans , Male , Reinforcement, PsychologyABSTRACT
The effects of a self-instructional package on three overactive preschool boys were investigated using a multiple-baseline design across subjects. Behavioral observations of the three target subjects indicated transfer of training effects from the experimental tasks to the classroom. On-task behaviors increased dramatically concomitant with the introduction of the self-instructional package, and treatment gains were maintained 22.5 weeks after baseline was initiated. In addition, the use of an observer-expectancy control condition gave further credibility to the demonstration of a cusal relationship.
