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1.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 23(4): 163-167, oct.-dic. 2023. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1559086

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: Sarcina ventriculi es un coco Gram (+), anaerobio, inmóvil, con un metabolismo fermentativo de carbohidratos, que sobrevive y crece sin problemas en ambientes con pH ácido. Es un agente etiológico conocido en patología veterinaria, sin embargo, su rol patogénico en humanos es controversial. En años recientes, se ha reportado en humanos, cada vez con mayor frecuencia el hallazgo de éste microorganismo en diferentes lugares anatómicos, a predominio del tubo digestivo superior, principalmente en el estómago, en pacientes con dispepsia y/o retardo en vaciamiento gástrico, algunos de éstos casos con evolución grave, incluso mortal. Caso clínico: Reportamos el caso de una paciente con sintomatología dispéptica, en cuya biopsia gástrica se identifica Sarcina ventriculi y cuyo tratamiento farmacológico dirigido terminó con las molestias descritas. A lo mejor de nuestro conocimiento, éste es el primer caso reportado en Perú.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Sarcina ventriculi is a Gram (+), anaerobic, non-motile cocci, with a fermentative carbohydrate metabolism, that survives and grows without problems in environments with acidic pH. It is a known etiological agent in veterinary pathology, however its pathogenic role in humans is controversial. In recent years, the finding of this microorganism in different anatomical places has been reported in humans with increasing frequency, predominantly in the upper digestive tract, mainly in the stomach, in patients with dyspepsia and/or delayed gastric emptying, some of these cases with serious evolution, even fatal. Clinical case: we report the case of a patient with dyspeptic symptoms, whose gastric biopsy identified Sarcina ventriculi and whose targeted pharmacological treatment ended the discomfort described. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in Perú.

2.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 23(1): 126-131, Enero-Febrero 2023.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1416886

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Digestive bleeding can put patients' lives at risk, even more so when the origin is not located in routine upper and lower endoscopy. The small intestine is the largest portion of the digestive tract and being a source of bleeding means a diagnostic and therapeutic medical challenge. Clinical case: We presented cases of two female patients, 53 and 60 years old, who develop digestive bleeding, locating its origin in the small bowel and undergoing surgical removal of the affected intestinal segment. The anatomopathological study finds malformed arteries and veins that communicate without an intermediate capillary bed. The diagnosis was arteriovenous malformation, a rare entity in the small bowel. Both cases are reviewed with emphasis on the histopathological criteria and their clinical correlation. Keywords: Arteriovenous malformation, small bowel, obscure digestive bleeding.


Introducción: El sangrado digestivo puede poner en riesgo la vida de los pacientes, más aún cuando el origen no se ubica en las endoscopías alta y baja de rutina. El intestino delgado es la porción más extensa del tubo digestivo y ser fuente de sangrado significa un reto médico diagnóstico y terapéutico. Caso clínico: Se presenta los casos de dos pacientes de sexo femenino, de 53 y 60 años, quienes desarrollan sangrado digestivo, ubicándose su origen en intestino delgado y realizándoseles extirpación quirúrgica del segmento intestinal afectado. El estudio anatomopatológico encuentra arterias y venas malformadas que se comunican sin lecho capilar intermedio. El diagnóstico fue Malformación arteriovenosa, una entidad infrecuente en intestino delgado. Se revisa ambos casos con énfasis en los criterios histopatológicos y su correlación clínica. Palabras clave: Malformación arteriovenosa, intestino delgado, sangrado digestivo oscuro.

3.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 22(3): 625-630, julio-Septiembre 2022.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1381890

ABSTRACT

El Xantogranuloma juvenil es una lesión no neoplásica cutánea del tipo histiocitosis no-Langerhans, que afecta población principalmente pediátrica y usualmente de curso autolimitado. Excepcionalmente, la lesión es multifocal, ocular e incluso visceral, causando severas complicaciones. Se presenta el caso de dos pacientes femeninas de 10 años, sin ninguna otra sintomatología ni antecedentes importantes, ambas con lesión única, una en el muslo, de 3 meses de evolución, la otra en cuero cabelludo, de 4 meses de evolución, ambas con crecimiento progresivo y extirpadas quirúrgicamente. Al estudio anatomopatológico se identificó múltiples histiocitos en dermis, con lipidización citoplasmática y formando células gigantes multinucleadas, algunas de tipo Touton, características de ésta lesión. Se revisa esta entidad inusual, con énfasis en los criterios histopatológicos y el curso clínico habitual.


Juvenile Xanthogranuloma is a non-neoplastic skin lesion of the non-Langerhans histiocytosis type, which mainly affects the pediatric population and usually has a self-limited course. Exceptionally, the lesion is multifocal, ocular and even visceral, causing severe complications. We present the case of two 10-year-old female patients, with no other symptoms or important history, both with a single lesion, one on the thigh, with 3 months of evolution, the other on the scalp, with 4 months of evolution, both with progressive growth and surgically removed. The anatomopathological study identified multiple histiocytes in the dermis, with cytoplasmic lipidization and forming giant multinucleated cells, some of the Touton type, characteristic of this lesion. This unusual entity is reviewed, with emphasis on the histopathological criteria and the usual clinical course.

4.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 21(3): 502-509, Jul.-Sep. 2021.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1255324

ABSTRACT

Introducción: Los Linfomas Hodgkin son neoplasias linfoides de células B, caracterizadas histológicamente por un contexto celular inflamatorio mixto mayoritario y escasas células neoplásicas de Hodgkin/ Reed- Sternberg. El Linfoma Hodgkin Clásico (LHC) representa el 10% de todos los casos de linfoma y el 85% de todos los Linfomas Hodgkin. De acuerdo con la vigente clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el LHC se divide en 4 variantes: Esclerosis Nodular (EN), Celularidad Mixta (CM), Rico en Linfocitos (RL) y Depleción Linfocítica (DL). Objetivo: En este estudio revisamos todos los casos de Linfoma Hodgkin Clásico en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante los años 2015 a 2019, para determinar la variante más frecuente, la incidencia en cuanto a edad y sexo, características fenotípicas y relación con el Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la casuística de Linfoma Hodgkin Clásico en sus 4 variantes clínico - patológicas en el Departamento de Anatomía Patológica del Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati Martins durante los años 2015 a 2019. Se identificaron 72 pacientes con el diagnóstico de Linfoma Hodgkin Clásico, de los cuales únicamente se seleccionaron para el estudio 64. Los criterios de exclusión fueron la ausencia de pruebas de inmunohistoquímica confirmatoria y los casos de recidiva. Resultados: Se observó que la variante más frecuente correspondió a Esclerosis Nodular con 34 casos (53.12%) y la menos frecuente a la variante Rica en Linfocitos con 2 casos (3.12%). Así mismo se observó una predominancia en el sexo masculino con 42 casos, 20 de ellos con Esclerosis Nodular y 14 no clasificables, como las variantes más frecuentes, y una mayor incidencia entre los 41 y 50 años de edad, sin detectarse el pico bimodal referido en la literatura internacional. El perfil inmunohistoquímico más frecuente de las células Hodgkin/ Reed- Sternberg es CD15 y CD30 positivo, con CD45 negativo. El EBV estuvo presente en el 36% de los casos realizados y es más frecuente en las variedades Celularidad Mixta y Depleción Linfocítica. Conclusiones: El Linfoma Hodgkin Clásico es un grupo de neoplasias linfoides con características clínicas, histológicas y fenotípicas definidas. Es más frecuente en varones entre 41 y 50 años. Para un adecuado diagnóstico se requiere una completa información clínica y una buena biopsia, de preferencia excisional. La variante Esclerosis Nodular es la más frecuente y la Rica en Linfocitos la menos frecuente. Las células Hodgkin/ Reed- Sternberg suelen ser positivas para CD15 y CD30 y negativas para CD45. La positividad tenue del Pax-5 permite diferenciarlo de Linfomas no Hodgkin de Células B. El EBV es más frecuente en las variantes Celularidad Mixta y Depleción Linfocítica.


Introduction: Hodgkin lymphomas are B-cell lymphoid neoplasms histologically characterized by a mixed inflammatory cellular component and few Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg neoplastic cells. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma (CHL) represents 10% of all lymphoma cases and 85% of all Hodgkin Lymphomas. According to the current World Health Organization classification, CHL is divided into 4 types: Nodular Sclerosing (NS), Mixed Cellularity (MC), Lymphocyte-Rich (LR), and Lymphocyte-Depleted (LD). Objetive: We reviewed all cases of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Pathological Anatomy Department at Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital during 2015 to 2019, in order to determine the most frequent type, the incidence according to age and gender, phenotypical characteristics and relation to Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive case study of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma and its 4 clinical-pathological types in the Pathological Anatomy Department at Edgardo Rebagliati Martins National Hospital during 2015 to 2019. 72 patients were identified with Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma diagnosis, of which only 64 were selected for the study. The exclusion criteria were the absence of confirmatory immunohistochemical tests and relapse cases. Results: The most frequent type observed was Nodular Sclerosing with 34 cases (53.12%) and the least frequent type was Lymphocyte-Rich with 2 cases (3.12%). Likewise, a predominance in the male gender was observed, with 42 cases, 20 of which were Nodular Sclerosing and 14 not classified, as the most frequent types, and a greater incidence among those 41 to 50 years of age, without detection of the bimodal peak referenced in international literature. The most frequent immunohistochemical profile of Hodgkin/ Reed- Sternberg was CD15 and CD30 positive, with CD45 negative. EBV was present in 36% of cases and is more frequent in the Mixed Cellularity and Lymphocyte-Depleted types. Conclusions: Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma is a group of lymphoid neoplasms with clinical, histological, and phenotypically defined characteristics. It is more frequent in men between 41 and 50 years of age. A complete clinical information and a good biopsy, preferably excisional, is required for an adequate diagnosis. The Nodular Sclerosing type is the most frequent and the Lymphocyte-Rich is the least frequent type. Hodgkin/ Reed- Sternberg cells are usually CD-15 and CD-30 positive and CD-45 negative. The Pax-5 mild positivity allows it to be differentiated from B-cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas. EBV is most frequent in Mixed Cellularity and Lymphocyte-Depleted types.

5.
Rev. Fac. Med. Hum ; 19(4): 120-125, oct.-dic. 2019.
Article in English, Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1024843

ABSTRACT

POEMS (Polineuropatía, Organomegalia, Endocrinopatía, Proteína Monoclonal y cambios en la piel) es un trastorno multisistémico raro. La enfermedad de Castleman es un trastorno linfoproliferativo atípico de causa desconocida, que puede estar asociado a POEMS. Paciente mujer de 37 años de edad con cuadro clínico de 2 años de evolución caracterizado por múltiples adenopatías, adormecimiento, y debilidad de extremidades inferiores asociado a hiperpigmentación cutánea e hipertricosis. La electromiografía muestra una polineuropatía crónica activa, sensitiva-motora de tipo axonal; y la electroforesis sérica mostró banda monoclonal de Inmunoglobulina A tipo lambda. La biopsia de ganglio submandibular fue compatible con Enfermedad de Castleman. Este reporte resalta el hecho que la enfermedad de Castleman se presenta en forma frecuente como parte de una variante del síndrome POEMS, y debe ser descartado en estos pacientes. Asimismo, la plasmaféresis puede ser útil en pacientes con síntomas neurológicos severos.


POEMS (Polyneuropathy, Organomegaly, Endocrinopathy, Monoclonal Protein and skin changes) is a rare multisystemic disorder. Castleman's disease is an atypical lymphoproliferative disorder of unknown cause, which may be associated with POEMS.A 37-year-old female patient with a clinical picture of 2 years of clinical evolution due to multiple adenopathies, numbness, and weakness of the lower extremities associated with cutaneous hyperpigmentation and hypertrichosis. Electromyography shows an active, sensory-motor chronic polyneuropathy of the axonal type; and serum electrophoresis showed monoclonal band of lambda type Immunoglobulin A. Submandibular ganglion biopsy was compatible with Castleman's disease.This report highlights the fact that Castleman's disease occurs frequently as part of a variant of the POEMS syndrome, and should be ruled out in these patients. Also, plasmapheresis can be useful in patients with severe neurological symptoms.

6.
Rev. cient. SPOM ; 10: 7-12, 2011. ilus
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1110459

ABSTRACT

La cuantificación de la carga viral en sangre del Virus Epstein Barr (VEB) ha demostrado ser útil como marcador diagnóstico y pronóstico en específicos tipos de linfomas asociados al virus. 59 pacientes con desórdenes linfoproliferativos fueron reclutados al diagnóstico y se les realizó un estudio de carga viral para la determinación del DNA del VEB en sangre total. Se incluyeron: 46 Linfomas difuso de Células Grandes B Difuso, 3 Linfomas Hodgkin, 3 Linfomas nasal T/NK, 4 Leuce-mia/lymphoma T del Adulto (ATLL), 1 Linfoma T periférico no especificado, 1 Linfoma T paniculítico y 1 Linfoma Hidroa vaciniforme-like. Los resultados arrojaron: 13 casos positivos (rango 0.25-46,400 copies/ul): 7 fueron LCGBD, 2 Linfomas T/NK nasal, 2 ATLL, 1 Linfoma Hodgkin y 1 Linfoma Hidroa vaciniforme–like. 11/13 casos positivos tuvieron estudio de EBER-CISH en tejido tumoral, el cual fue positivo en todos los casos. El estudio sugiere que la cuantificación en sangre total del DNA del VEB correlaciona con la presencia del virus en células tumorales y podría ser útil como biomarcador diagnóstico.


Cuantification of viral blood load for EBV has demonstrated to be useful as marker in diagnosis and prognosis in diferent specific lymphomas related to virus. 59 patients with diverse lymphoprolife-rative disorders were recluted at diagnosis to evaluate viral load of EBV DNA in whole blood. We included: 46 Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma (DLBCL), 3 Hodgkin Lymphoma, 3 T/NK nasal type lym-phoma, 4 Adult T Leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), 1 T cell lymphoma unspecified, 1 T panicullitic lym-phoma and 1 Hydroa vacciniform –like lymphoma . Results showed: 13 cases were positive (range 0.25-46,400 copies/ul): 7 were DLBCL, 2 T/NK nasal type Lymphoma, 2 ATLL, 1 Hodgkin Lymphoma y 1 Hidroa vacciniforme–like lymphoma. 11/13 positive cases had EBER-CISH in tumoral tissue and it was positive in all cases.This study suggests cuantification in total whole blood for EBV DNA correlates with the presence of EBV in tumoral cells and it could be a useful diagnostic biomarker.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Viral Load , Immunocompromised Host , Blood , Lymphoproliferative Disorders
7.
Rev. cient. SPOM ; 8(1): 42-47, 2009. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LIPECS | ID: biblio-1110470

ABSTRACT

Foxp3 es un gen regulatorio clave requerido para el desarrollo y función de las células T regulatorias CD25+ CD4+ (Treg), una subpoblación de células T especializadas en el mantener el balance entre la inmunidad y la tolerancia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la especificidad y el valor pronóstico de la expresión de Foxp3 en el Linfoma de células T. Un estudio retrospectivo fue realizado en 33 pacientes colectados de pacientes con Linfoma /Leucemia T del adulto (ATLL), la expresión de Foxp3 en células tumorales fue detectado en 8/33(24%) casos de ATLL. No hubo diferencia estadística en sobrevida global entre el ATLL Foxp3 (+) y el ATLL Foxp3 (-). La expresión de Foxp3 puede darse en un subgrupo de ATLL y no es un factor pronóstico en esta entidad.


Foxp3 is a key regulatory gene required for the development and function of regulatory CD4+CD25+T cells (Treg), a subpopulation of T-cells specialized in maintaining the balance between immunity and tolerance. This study aimed to determine the specifity and prognostic value of the expression of Foxp3 in T cell Lymphoma. A retrospective study was performed on 33 patients collected from patients with Adult T lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) in a general hospital from Peru. FOXP3 expression in tumour cells was confined to 8/33 of ATLL cases (24%). No statistic difference in overall survival betweeen (+) Foxp3 ATLL and (-) Foxp3 ATLL was found. FOXP3 is expressed in a subgroup of ATLL and it is nota prognostic factor in this entity.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Genes, Regulator , Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell
8.
Acta méd. peru ; 25(1): 42-45, ene.-mar. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-503240

ABSTRACT

Introducción: el desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociado al virus Epstein Barr (VEB) y relacionado a la edad es una nueva entidad en nuestro medio. La infección por el VEB puede producir un crecimiento incontrolado de los linfocitos B que son normalmente inactivos, reportándose la aparición de desórdenes linfoproliferativos de curso agresivo y una pobre sobrevida.Casos clínicos: nueve pacientes de nacionalidad peruana diagnosticados como desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociado al VEB y relacionado a la edad fueron incluidos en este reporte. Todos los pacientes fueron positivos para la prueba del EBER por hibridización in situ cromogénica (CISH). La morfología en todos los casos fue de linfoma de células grandes. La expresión inmunohistoquìmica de CD20, BCL6, CD10 y MUM-1/IRF4 fueron evaluados usando la técnica de tissue microarray. Los nueve pacientes tuvieron un fenotipo no centro germinal like. La mayoría de nuestros pacientes fueron pacientes con edad avanzada con pobre status performance, síntomas B, alto IPI y enfermedad avanzada. La sobrevida fue muy corta. Conclusión: reportamos en nuestro medio una nueva entidad denominada desorden linfoproliferativo de células B asociada al VEB, el cual presenta un curso agresivo y pobre pronóstico.


Introduction: Age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associatedwith Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a newly described condition in our country. EBV infection may lead to a non-controlled growth of normally inactive B-lymphocytes, so lymphoproliferative disorders with an aggressive course and poor survival occur. Clinical cases: Nine Peruvian patients diagnosed with age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated EBV were included in this report. All patients were positive for EBER test using chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH). Morphology in every case corresponded to large-cell lymphoma. CD20, BCL6, CD10, and MUM-1/IRF4 histochemical expression was assessed using a tissue microarray. All nive patients had a phenotype not germinal center-like. Most of our patients were elderly subjects with a poor performance status, type B symptoms, high values in the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and advanced disease. Their survival was quite short. Conclusion: We report for the first time a new condition called age-related B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder associated EBV, which has an aggressive course and a poor prognosis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Survival , Lymphoproliferative Disorders , Epidemiology, Descriptive
9.
Arch Pathol Lab Med ; 129(8): 1027-31, 2005 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16048393

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Myeloid sarcoma is a neoplasm of immature myeloid cells involving an extramedullary anatomic site that is usually, although not always, associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Any extramedullary site can be involved by myeloid sarcoma, but involvement of the cecal appendix is uncommon, and symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis as a result of appendiceal involvement are rare. OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinicopathologic features of 2 patients with myeloid sarcoma involving the appendix who presented with right lower quadrant pain suggestive of acute appendicitis and prompting appendectomy. DESIGN: Clinical information for both patients was obtained from the medical record. Routine hematoxylin-eosin-stained slides, naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate stain, and immunohistochemical stains for myeloid, B-cell, and T-cell antigens were prepared. RESULTS: Peripheral blood and bone marrow were infiltrated by coexistent acute myeloid leukemia in case 1 but were negative for leukemia in case 2. In case 2, the patient had a history of acute myeloid leukemia that had been treated by an allogenic bone marrow transplant 7 months earlier. Histologic examination of the appendix revealed poorly differentiated myeloid sarcoma in both cases. Each neoplasm was positive for chloroacetate esterase, myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, and CD43 and was negative for CD3 and CD20. CONCLUSIONS: Myeloid sarcoma involving the appendix can rarely cause pain or other symptoms mimicking acute appendicitis. A high index of suspicion combined with the use of cytochemical and immunohistochemical studies are helpful in establishing the diagnosis.


Subject(s)
Appendicitis/diagnosis , Appendix/pathology , Leukemia, Myeloid/diagnosis , Sarcoma, Myeloid/diagnosis , Abdomen/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Appendix/metabolism , Appendix/surgery , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Leukemia, Myeloid/metabolism , Leukemia, Myeloid/therapy , Male , Palliative Care , Radiotherapy , Retrospective Studies , Sarcoma, Myeloid/metabolism , Sarcoma, Myeloid/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Ultrasonography
10.
Am J Clin Pathol ; 123(5): 651-6, 2005 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15981804

ABSTRACT

We report 22 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma involving Waldeyer ring seen at our institution during a 31-year interval. There were 16 males (73%) and 6 females (27%) with a median age of 48 years (range, 5-81 years), and 15 (68%) patients had airway obstruction or tonsillar enlargement. For 19 patients, the clinical stage was as follows: I, 7 (32%); II, 11 (50%); and III, 1 (5%). The 3 patients (14%) whose disease was unstaged had concurrent or a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Histologically, the neoplasms were classified as follows: lymphocyte-rich classical, 8 (36%); nodular sclerosis, 7 (32%); mixed cellularity, 4 (18%); unclassified, 2 (9%); and lymphocyte depletion, 1 (5%). Of 7 stage I cases, 4 (57%) were the lymphocyte-rich classical type. Reed-Sternberg and Hodgkin cells were positive for CD15 and CD30 in 20 cases assessed. Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein type 1 was positive in 12 (67%) of 18 cases assessed. We conclude that Hodgkin lymphoma rarely involves Waldeyer ring, with the lymphocyte-rich classical type being common at this location.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Hodgkin Disease/pathology , Lymphoid Tissue/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Head and Neck Neoplasms/metabolism , Head and Neck Neoplasms/virology , Herpesvirus 4, Human/isolation & purification , Hodgkin Disease/metabolism , Hodgkin Disease/virology , Humans , Lymphoid Tissue/metabolism , Lymphoid Tissue/virology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Staging , Reed-Sternberg Cells/metabolism , Reed-Sternberg Cells/pathology , Reed-Sternberg Cells/virology , Viral Matrix Proteins/metabolism
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