Physiotherapists' adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines in fibromyalgia: a cross-sectional online survey.

To evaluate the level of knowledge and adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines on fibromyalgia of physiotherapists in Spain. A cross-sectional study using an ad-hoc online survey was implemented to assess aspects on the assessment, treatment, and decision of the length of the therapeutic approach on fibromyalgia. Based on the results, professionals were classified as adherent, partially adherent, or non-adherent. The level of agreement with several statements on the condition was also evaluated across the professionals surveyed to evaluate the potential consensus. A total of 240 physiotherapists met inclusion criteria, amongst which 68 (28.33%) were adherent. The academic level of studies (Chi-square = 48.601, p-value = 0.001) and having had previous training in fibromyalgia (Chi-square = 151.011, p-value = 0.001) displayed statistically significant differences across adherence-based groups. Consensus was reached for 15 out of 24 statements. Our findings highlight the presence of an acceptable level of knowledge and adherence to clinical practice guidelines in the field of fibromyalgia among physiotherapists in Spain.Practice implicationsOur results also reveal the existence of an evidence-to-practice gap in the field, with potential room for improvement: further efforts on promoting and reinforcing the importance of evidence-based therapies are needed, from university teaching plans to clinical updates for daily practice.

Enhancing Evidence-Based Practice Competence and Professional Skills Using Infographics as a Pedagogical Strategy in Health Science Students: Insights from the InfoHealth Project.

Infographics have been recognised as effective visual tools for concise and accessible communication of data and information in various higher education disciplines, particularly in medical education. However, there is a lack of research on their impact on professional skills, difficulty levels, motivation, and overall satisfaction in health science students. Thus, the present study aimed to analyse the knowledge and usage of graphical resources among health science students and evaluate their competencies, the level of challenge they encountered, and their motivation and satisfaction after completing an infographic creation activity. The InfoHealth educational innovation project, conducted by five teachers from the Faculty of Medicine, served as the context for this study, with 143 students voluntarily participating. The intervention involved students working in groups of 2-3 and selecting their own topics for the infographics while receiving instruction, online guidance, and feedback from teachers. A questionnaire was administered to assess students' perception of skill development and satisfaction with the activity. The findings revealed that schemes were the most recognized and used graphical summaries, compared to synoptic tables and Venn diagrams. The activity led to an increase in professional skills acquisition, motivation, and satisfaction, positively impacting students' interest in evidence-based practice and reinforcing their knowledge. This study highlights the potential of infographics as a pedagogical tool for competency development and student engagement in health science education, suggesting the need for further research comparing infographics with traditional study methods and involving multidisciplinary teams to promote essential skills for future clinical practice.

Dealing with Chronic Pain: Tips to Teach Undergraduate Health Sciences Students.

Chronic pain is a significant and costly problem all over the world that negatively impacts the quality of life of sufferers. There are clear discrepancies between the prevalence of chronic pain in society and the low priority assigned to educating future physicians about the complexities of pain. This condition also occurs in other undergraduate health science students, although research in this area has not been studied as much as in medical schools. Based on the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) Pain Curriculum Outline, a systematic search of the available literature, and the authors' own experiences, we highlight some relevant tips to educate health science trainees in the management of patients with chronic pain. These tips highlight current international recommendations for a comprehensive approach to this prevalent problem in society, which should be learnt during the university training of health professionals.

Relationship between Respiratory Muscle Function and Postural Stability in Male Soccer Players: A Case-Control Study.

The important role of postural stability in exercise performance has been determined by several authors. Despite this, few studies have analyzed the relationship between respiratory muscles' strength and postural stability in athletes. For this reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postural stability and respiratory muscles' function in male soccer players. A case-control study was conducted over twenty-eight healthy men (18 soccer players; 10 non-athletes). Inspiratory muscle strength (MIP) and respiratory resistance (MVV) were obtained through a digital spirometer. Stability variables were obtained in standing position on a stabilometric platform and in open and closed eyes conditions. The area and length of the center of pressures and displacements in the X and Y range were analyzed. Pearson's coefficient was used to measure the linear correlation between MIP, MVV and stabilometric variables. In the soccer players' group, MIP and MIP % predictive were inversely correlated with length (r = -0.535 and r = -0.585; p < 0.05) and X range (r = -0.527 and r = -0.560; p < 0.05), whereas MVV was directly correlated with length (r = 0.606; p < 0.01) and Y range (r = 0.558; p < 0.05). Our results show that the greater the inspiratory muscle strength, the less displacement of the pressure center, while at higher respiratory rates there is greater displacement.

Elección de especialidad médica en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Oriente, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela / Specialty choice in medical students of the Universidad de Oriente, Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela

Introducción: La elección de la especialidad médica es una decisión que marca la vida del estudiante de medicina. Según estudios, existen diferencias entre hombres y mujeres en el momento de decidir sus futuras especialidades. En el presente estudio se analizó la elección de especialidad en estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Oriente y su relación con el sexo y la percepción de la calidad de vida ofrecida por cada una. Sujetos y métodos: Se aplicó un cuestionario a 120 estudiantes de pregrado del undécimo semestre de la carrera de medicina en relación con su género, preferencia de futura especialidad médica, y especialidades que considerasen que ofrecieran la mejor y la peor calidad de vida. Resultados: Pediatría (15%), cirugía general (13%) y cirugía plástica (11%) resultaron las más elegidas. Las mujeres prefirieron pediatría (19%) y ginecoobstetricia (13%), mientras que los hombres se inclinaron por cirugía plástica (19%) y cirugía ortopédica (16%). Como representantes de una mejor calidad de vida se eligieron dermatología (19%) y anestesiología (10%); en cuanto a la peor calidad de vida, se seleccionaron cirugía general (17%) y ginecoobstetricia (15%). Conclusiones: Las mujeres prefirieron las especialidades clínicas, mientras que los hombres tuvieron una marcada predilección por las quirúrgicas. La calidad de vida no pareció tener influencia relevante en la elección de especialidad, por lo que debe profundizarse en el estudio de otros factores.(AU)

Introduction: The specialty choice is an important decision for medical students, according to studies there are differences between men and women when they decide their future specialties, in the present study was analyzed the specialty choice in medical students in the Universidad de Oriente and its relationship with gender and the perception of quality of life offered by each one. Subjects and methods: Trough a questionnaire, 120 students were surveyed about their gender, preference of medical specialty, and the specialties they think have the best and worst quality of life. Results: Pediatrics (15%), general surgery (13%) and plastic surgery (11%) were the most chosen. Women's preferred pediatrics (19%) and obstetrics-gynecology (13%) meanwhile men's preferred plastic surgery (19%), and orthopedics (16%). As representatives of a better quality of life were chosen dermatology (19%) and anesthesiology(10%), in the case of worst quality of life were general surgery (17%) and obstetrics-gynecology(15%). Conclusions: Women's preferred clinical specialties meanwhile men's had a marked preference on surgical ones. Quality of life doesn't appeared to have a relevant impact in the specialty choice, so it should be deepen in the study of other factors.(AU)

Twelve tips to make successful medical infographics.

In the health sciences, professionals must keep up to date to conduct their evidence-based practise. Hence, there is a growing need to share medical knowledge efficiently among healthcare professionals, patients, and undergraduate health science students. Infographics (text and image) are a hybrid element that serves to represent information in an attractive and meaningful visual format. Actually, with the use of the Internet and social networks, infographics have become a popular format for sharing medical information around the world.On the basis of a published literature review, we provide 12 tips in this article to make a successfully health-related infographic with the aim of assisting clinicians, educators, and researchers in their task of communicating and transforming complex information into a visual, attractive, didactic and shareable format.By following these basic recommendations, it is possible to improve the dissemination of scientific and health-related knowledge to different audiences who can benefit from infographics.

Scanning electron microscopy examination of needle tips after different procedures of deep dry needling in humans.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the tips and the surface conditions of two types of needles with different quality and their possible alterations after performing different needling on human beings. A total of 160 needles from AguPunt brand were examined. Surface conditions (lumps and scratches) and tip of the needles after needling procedures in humans were tested using a JEOL JSM-6360LV microscopy device. Additionally, a group of physiotherapists assessed the use of both types of needles in clinical practice using a self-reported questionnaire. Both types of needles, after performing different needling on human beings, kept the needle tips well preserved although the dry needle (Type B) suffered very little deformation even touching the bone of the scapula 10 times versus acupuncture needle (Type A), which were deformed slightly. The surface conditions revealed irregularities and scratches in both types of needles but the tips of Type A suffered more damage after different procedures (Odds ratio = 0.04,95% CI:0.01-0.13, p < 0.001). The cellular tissue adhered to the surface was similar in both types of needles and the questionnaire about clinical practice of both types of needles showed that Type B seemed easier than Type A when the physical therapist penetrated the skin and when the needle went out the skin.

Changes in Postural Sway After a Single Global Postural Reeducation Session in University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a single session of global postural reeducation (GPR) in postural sway in young adult university students who use data visualization screens. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial with 2 parallel groups was performed. Sixty-four subjects were randomized in the experimental group (12 men and 20 women) who underwent the GPR session, and a control group (13 men and 19 women) that did not receive any intervention was included. Center of pressure (COP) was assessed using a stabilometric platform, with eyes open and eyes closed before, immediately after, 48 hours after, and 7 days after intervention in both groups. RESULTS: In the interaction of time and gender, statistically significant differences were found for the area covered by COP (P = .020) and for the standard deviation (SD) in the mediolateral axis (P = .035). Considering the complete interaction time, gender, and group, statistically significant differences were found (P = .015) for the anteroposterior rate covered by COP and the SD in the anteroposterior axis (P = .033). In eyes closed condition, the intersubject analysis showed statistically significant differences for the interaction between group and gender for the variable mediolateral SD (P = .043). Considering the interaction of time with group, statistically significant differences were found for full length covered by COP (P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in postural sway were observed after a single GPR session, mainly at 48 hours, with different behaviors between men and women.

Hospital-based tuberculosis control activities in five cities of Latin America / Actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis en cinco ciudades de América Latina / Atividades de controle da tuberculose em hospitais em cinco cidades da América Latina

Objective. To generate actionable insights for improving TB control in urban areas by describing the tuberculosis (TB) control activities of hospitals in five cities in Latin America. Methods. A descriptive study of hospital-based TB control activities was conducted in 2013–2015 using a cross-sectional survey designed by the Pan American Health Organization and administered in Guatemala City, Guatemala; Guarulhos, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Peru; and Asunción, Paraguay. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared, Fisher exact tests, and the Mantel–Haenszel test for Risk Ratios, as necessary (P < 0.05). Results. While variation among cities existed, most hospitals (91.3%) conducted acid-fast bacilli smears for TB diagnosis and had a quality control process (94.0%), followed national TB guidelines (95%), and reported TB cases to the respective health authorities (96%). Additionally, TB treatment was offered free of charge almost universally (97.1%). However, only 74.2% of hospitals were supervised by the national or local TB programs; 52.8% followed up on the outcome of referrals; and 39.1% offered full ambulatory TB treatment, with 68.7% using Directly-Observed Therapy. Conclusion. The study underscored strengths and weaknesses in specific areas for TB control activities in hospitals and highlighted the importance and complexity of coordinating efforts among private and public hospitals and the various stakeholders. Local TB programs and health authorities should use these results to enhance the quality of TB-related actions in hospitals in similar settings.

Objetivo. Generar información utilizable para mejorar el control de la tuberculosis en las zonas urbanas describiendo las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis de cinco ciudades de América Latina. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis mediante una encuesta transversal formulada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y administrada entre el 2013 y el 2015 en Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala), Guarulhos (Brasil), Bogotá (Colombia), Lima (Perú) y Asunción (Paraguay). Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de la ji al cuadrado, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba de asociación de Mantel-Haenszel de las razones de riesgos, según fuera necesario (P < 0,05). Resultados. Pese a la variación observada entre las ciudades, la mayor parte de los hospitales (91,3 %) realizan frotis de bacilos acidorresistentes para diagnosticar la tuberculosis y disponen de un proceso de control de la calidad (94,0 %), siguen las directrices nacionales respecto de la tuberculosis (95 %) y notifican los casos a las autoridades de salud respectivas (96 %). Además, casi todos ofrecen tratamiento antituberculoso gratuito (97,1 %). Sin embargo, solo el 74,2 % de los hospitales está supervisado por el programa nacional o local contra la tuberculosis; el 52,8 % hace el seguimiento de la evolución de los pacientes derivados; y el 39,1 % ofrece tratamiento antituberculoso plenamente ambulatorio a los pacientes, del cual el 68,7 % corresponde al tratamiento bajo observación directa. Conclusiones. En el estudio se ponen de relieve las fortalezas y las debilidades de aspectos específicos de las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis, así como la importancia y la complejidad que reviste coordinar los esfuerzos entre los hospitales privados y públicos y los diversos interesados directos. Los programas locales contra la tuberculosis y las autoridades de salud deben aprovechar estos resultados para mejorar la calidad de las actividades hospitalarias relacionadas con la tuberculosis en entornos similares.

Objetivo. Originar insights proativos para melhorar o controle da tuberculose (TB) em áreas urbanas descrevendo as atividades de controle da TB em hospitais em cinco cidades na América Latina. Métodos. Estudo descritivo das atividades de controle da TB em hospitais realizado em 2013–2015 com base em pesquisa transversal concebida pela Organização Pan- Americana da Saúde e conduzida na Cidade da Guatemala (Guatemala), Guarulhos (Brasil), Bogotá (Colômbia), Lima (Peru) e Assunção (Paraguai). Os dados foram analisados com o uso do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher e teste de Mantel– Haenszel para razões de risco, conforme necessário (P < 0,05). Resultados. Apesar de ter existido variação entre as cidades, a maioria dos hospitais (91,3%) realizou o teste de esfregaço de bacilos acidorresistentes para o diagnóstico de TB e dispunha de um processo de controle de qualidade (94,0%), seguiu os protocolos nacionais de TB (95%) e notificou casos de TB aos órgãos sanitários competentes (96%). Além disso, o tratamento de TB foi proporcionado gratuitamente quase como um todo (97,1%). Porém, somente 74,2% dos hospitais receberam supervisão dos programas locais ou nacionais de combate à TB; 52,8% acompanharam os desfechos dos encaminhamentos e 39,1% ofereceram tratamento de TB ambulatorial completo, sendo que 68,7% usaram o tratamento diretamente observado. Conclusões. O estudo destacou os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos em áreas específicas das atividades de controle da TB em hospitais e ressaltou a importância e a complexidade de coordenar esforços entre hospitais públicos e privados e as diversas partes envolvidas. Os programas locais de combate à TB e as autoridades sanitárias devem se basear nestes resultados para melhorar a qualidade das ações relacionadas à TB nos hospitais em condições semelhantes.

Referred Pain Patterns of the Infraspinatus Muscle Elicited by Deep Dry Needling and Manual Palpation.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the most common referred pain (ReP) pattern of the infraspinatus myofascial trigger point (MTrP) and compare its coincidence with the original ReP pattern, to verify whether there are any significant differences by sex and types of technique and to determine the observed signs and symptoms evoked by deep dry needling (DDN) and manual palpation (MPal). DESIGN: A cohort study of patients randomized to two different examination methods (July and August 2016). SETTINGS: Students and staff recruited from Miguel Hernandez University (Southeast Spain). PATIENTS: One hundred thirty-three participants (70.7% women) with shoulder complaints were randomly assigned to either an MPal (n = 67) or DDN group (n = 66). INTERVENTIONS: The same physiotherapist carried out the techniques on all participants, and the same protocol was followed for both the DDN and MPal groups. The physiotherapist did not ask participants about their pain features or other relevant issues. OUTCOME MEASURES: Local twitch response (LTR) and ReP assessed through a visual analogue scale and features of ReP of the infraspinatus muscle. RESULTS: The areas with the highest percentage of ReP were the front (area 3; 27.1%) and back (area 11; 21.1%) of the arm, anterior (area 4; 36.1%) and posterior (area 12; 42.1%) shoulder, and infraspinatus muscle area. DDN proved to be significantly easier than MPal in evoking an LTR (p ≤ 0.001). There were significant differences between sexes in zone 2 (p = 0.041) and no statistically significant differences were found by technique. CONCLUSIONS: The ReP pattern of the infraspinatus muscle coincides with the original pattern described by Travell and Simons, although the neck area should be questioned. The study found no significant differences in the ReP pattern by sex and when comparing MPal with DDN of MTrP of the infraspinatus muscle. DDN proved to be significantly easier than MPal in evoking an LTR.

Hospital-based tuberculosis control activities in five cities of Latin America.

OBJECTIVE: To generate actionable insights for improving TB control in urban areas by describing the tuberculosis (TB) control activities of hospitals in five cities in Latin America. METHODS: A descriptive study of hospital-based TB control activities was conducted in 2013-2015 using a cross-sectional survey designed by the Pan American Health Organization and administered in Guatemala City, Guatemala; Guarulhos, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Peru; and Asunción, Paraguay. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared, Fisher exact tests, and the Mantel-Haenszel test for Risk Ratios, as necessary (P < 0.05). RESULTS: While variation among cities existed, most hospitals (91.3%) conducted acid-fast bacilli smears for TB diagnosis and had a quality control process (94.0%), followed national TB guidelines (95%), and reported TB cases to the respective health authorities (96%). Additionally, TB treatment was offered free of charge almost universally (97.1%). However, only 74.2% of hospitals were supervised by the national or local TB programs; 52.8% followed up on the outcome of referrals; and 39.1% offered full ambulatory TB treatment, with 68.7% using Directly-Observed Therapy. CONCLUSION: The study underscored strengths and weaknesses in specific areas for TB control activities in hospitals and highlighted the importance and complexity of coordinating efforts among private and public hospitals and the various stakeholders. Local TB programs and health authorities should use these results to enhance the quality of TB-related actions in hospitals in similar settings.

Hospital-based tuberculosis control activities in five cities of Latin America / Actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis en cinco ciudades de América Latina / Atividades de controle da tuberculose em hospitais em cinco cidades da América Latina

ABSTRACT Objective To generate actionable insights for improving TB control in urban areas by describing the tuberculosis (TB) control activities of hospitals in five cities in Latin America. Methods A descriptive study of hospital-based TB control activities was conducted in 2013-2015 using a cross-sectional survey designed by the Pan American Health Organization and administered in Guatemala City, Guatemala; Guarulhos, Brazil; Bogotá, Colombia; Lima, Peru; and Asunción, Paraguay. Data were analyzed using Chi-squared, Fisher exact tests, and the Mantel-Haenszel test for Risk Ratios, as necessary (P < 0.05). Results While variation among cities existed, most hospitals (91.3%) conducted acid-fast bacilli smears for TB diagnosis and had a quality control process (94.0%), followed national TB guidelines (95%), and reported TB cases to the respective health authorities (96%). Additionally, TB treatment was offered free of charge almost universally (97.1%). However, only 74.2% of hospitals were supervised by the national or local TB programs; 52.8% followed up on the outcome of referrals; and 39.1% offered full ambulatory TB treatment, with 68.7% using Directly-Observed Therapy. Conclusion The study underscored strengths and weaknesses in specific areas for TB control activities in hospitals and highlighted the importance and complexity of coordinating efforts among private and public hospitals and the various stakeholders. Local TB programs and health authorities should use these results to enhance the quality of TB-related actions in hospitals in similar settings.

RESUMEN Objetivo Generar información utilizable para mejorar el control de la tuberculosis en las zonas urbanas describiendo las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis de cinco ciudades de América Latina. Métodos Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis mediante una encuesta transversal formulada por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y administrada entre el 2013 y el 2015 en Ciudad de Guatemala (Guatemala), Guarulhos (Brasil), Bogotá (Colombia), Lima (Perú) y Asunción (Paraguay). Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de la ji al cuadrado, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la prueba de asociación de Mantel-Haenszel de las razones de riesgos, según fuera necesario (P < 0,05). Resultados Pese a la variación observada entre las ciudades, la mayor parte de los hospitales (91,3 %) realizan frotis de bacilos acidorresistentes para diagnosticar la tuberculosis y disponen de un proceso de control de la calidad (94,0 %), siguen las directrices nacionales respecto de la tuberculosis (95 %) y notifican los casos a las autoridades de salud respectivas (96 %). Además, casi todos ofrecen tratamiento antituberculoso gratuito (97,1 %). Sin embargo, solo el 74,2 % de los hospitales está supervisado por el programa nacional o local contra la tuberculosis; el 52,8 % hace el seguimiento de la evolución de los pacientes derivados; y el 39,1 % ofrece tratamiento antituberculoso plenamente ambulatorio a los pacientes, del cual el 68,7 % corresponde al tratamiento bajo observación directa. Conclusiones En el estudio se ponen de relieve las fortalezas y las debilidades de aspectos específicos de las actividades hospitalarias de control de la tuberculosis, así como la importancia y la complejidad que reviste coordinar los esfuerzos entre los hospitales privados y públicos y los diversos interesados directos. Los programas locales contra la tuberculosis y las autoridades de salud deben aprovechar estos resultados para mejorar la calidad de las actividades hospitalarias relacionadas con la tuberculosis en entornos similares.

RESUMO Objetivo Originar insights proativos para melhorar o controle da tuberculose (TB) em áreas urbanas descrevendo as atividades de controle da TB em hospitais em cinco cidades na América Latina. Métodos Estudo descritivo das atividades de controle da TB em hospitais realizado em 2013-2015 com base em pesquisa transversal concebida pela Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde e conduzida na Cidade da Guatemala (Guatemala), Guarulhos (Brasil), Bogotá (Colômbia), Lima (Peru) e Assunção (Paraguai). Os dados foram analisados com o uso do teste qui-quadrado, teste exato de Fisher e teste de Mantel-Haenszel para razões de risco, conforme necessário (P < 0,05). Resultados Apesar de ter existido variação entre as cidades, a maioria dos hospitais (91,3%) realizou o teste de esfregaço de bacilos acidorresistentes para o diagnóstico de TB e dispunha de um processo de controle de qualidade (94,0%), seguiu os protocolos nacionais de TB (95%) e notificou casos de TB aos órgãos sanitários competentes (96%). Além disso, o tratamento de TB foi proporcionado gratuitamente quase como um todo (97,1%). Porém, somente 74,2% dos hospitais receberam supervisão dos programas locais ou nacionais de combate à TB; 52,8% acompanharam os desfechos dos encaminhamentos e 39,1% ofereceram tratamento de TB ambulatorial completo, sendo que 68,7% usaram o tratamento diretamente observado. Conclusões O estudo destacou os pontos fortes e os pontos fracos em áreas específicas das atividades de controle da TB em hospitais e ressaltou a importância e a complexidade de coordenar esforços entre hospitais públicos e privados e as diversas partes envolvidas. Os programas locais de combate à TB e as autoridades sanitárias devem se basear nestes resultados para melhorar a qualidade das ações relacionadas à TB nos hospitais em condições semelhantes.