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1.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 27(9): 863-6, 2008 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18373106

ABSTRACT

This prospective pilot study investigates the possibility of materno-fetal transmission of human coronaviruses (HCoV) responsible for cases of neonatal infection. This vertical transmission was studied with 159 samples from mother-child couples: maternal vaginal (MV) and respiratory (MR) samples during labor; and newborn gastric sample (NG) with detection of HCoV (229E, OC-43, NL-63, HKU1) via real time RT PCR. HCoV was detected in 12 samples (229E: 11; HKU1: 1) from seven mother-child couples. For three couples, only MR tested positive (cases 1-3). For two other couples all three samples (MV, MR and NG) tested positive (cases 4 and 5). For case 6, only MV and NG tested positive. In case 7, only MV was positive. Possible vertical transmission of HCoV was hypothesized in this pilot study and requires further investigation on a larger scale.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus 229E, Human/isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Coronavirus OC43, Human/isolation & purification , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Adult , Analysis of Variance , Chi-Square Distribution , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Nasal Mucosa/virology , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Vagina/virology , Young Adult
2.
Pathol Biol (Paris) ; 55(10): 525-30, 2007 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17889450

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Human coronaviruses (HCoV) have been implicated in neonatal nosocomial respiratory infection. Prior to our study, several cases of neonatal infection were observed in infants born at our hospital. This prospective pilot monocentric pilot study investigates the possibility of maternofetal transmission of HCoV responsible for cases of neonatal infection observed within the first 24 hours of life. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three samples from mother-child couples, maternal vaginal (VM) and respiratory (RM) samples during labor; newborn gastric sample (GNN), were assessed for viral analysis using real time RT-PCR for the detection of HCoV 229-E and OC43. Clinical follow-up of infants and mothers was up to Day 3 after birth. RESULTS: One hundred (and) fifty-nine mother-child couples were included between July 2003 and August 2005. HCoV 229-E only was detected in 11 samples from 6 mother-child couples. For 2 couples, all 3 samples (VM, RM and GNN) were tested positive (cases 1 and 2). For case 3, both VM and GNN were positive. For 2 couples, only RM was positive (cases 4 and 5). In case 6, only VM was positive. Of the 3 positive GNN, no infant was symptomatic. CONCLUSION: Possible vertical transmission of HCoV was evidenced in this pilot study and requires further investigation on a larger scale. Equally indicated is the inclusion of tests to detect recently identified human coronaviruses HCoV NL63 and HKU1, as well as genomic profile analysis of HCoV 229-E detected in the 3 positive mother-child couples.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Coronavirus/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Middle Aged , Pilot Projects , Pregnancy , Vagina/virology
3.
J Viral Hepat ; 14(2): 96-106, 2007 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17244249

ABSTRACT

We investigated whether an HCV NS3 protease quasispecies heterogeneity was associated with progression from viral cirrhosis to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The NS3 protease quasispecies structure of 10 HCV-1b cirrhotic patients (controls) was compared with that of 10 paired HCV-1b cirrhotic patients who displayed progression to HCC (cases). NS3 protease genetic complexity and diversity did not differ significantly between cases and controls. Amino acid substitutions were detected at 20 (11%) and 25 (14%) sites in at least two variants of the NS3 protease in cases and controls, respectively. Significant differences in the percentage of substituted clones were observed for 10 NS3 sites. Mutations Y56F, I71V, T72I, Q86P, P89S, S101G/D, R117H, S122G/T/N, V132I and V170I were more frequently observed in the NS3 protease sequences of controls than in those of cases. Residue V107 was substituted in NS3 cases but not in controls. However, these differences did not allow the definition of a specific NS3 profile related to HCC occurrence. The NS3 secondary structure B1-1 previously identified as potentially predictive of HCC was identified with a higher frequency in cases quasispecies (84.2%) than in controls (55.9%; P < 0.05). Our results suggest that there may be a relationship to fibrosis progression when diversity parameters are considered together with secondary structure profiles. Further investigations are required to determine the cellular interactions of HCV NS3 protease in the context of carcinogenesis.


Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology , Fibrosis/virology , Hepacivirus/enzymology , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepatitis C/virology , Liver Neoplasms/virology , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics , Amino Acid Sequence , Base Sequence , Case-Control Studies , Disease Progression , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Polymorphism, Genetic , Sequence Alignment
4.
Arch Pediatr ; 13(7): 1015-21, 2006 Jul.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16616463

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Transmission of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from mothers to preterm infants during breastfeeding may be symptomatic and long term consequences are unknown. This study evaluated the kinetics of CMV load in breastmilk and the rate of postnatal CMV transmission via breastmilk from mothers to their preterm infants. METHODS: Prospective study of mother-child pairs after preterm delivery before 33 weeks. Exclusion of donor breast milk and of CMV-seropositive blood products. Material used was maternal CMV serostatus, ear swab of the infant at birth, weekly screened breast milk and children's urine by rapid viral culture. RESULTS: During a 5-month period 28 mother-infant pairs with 34 preterm infants were studied. Eighteen women (64.3%) were CMV-seronegative at birth; breastmilk samples and the infants' urine remained CMV-negative. Eight of the 10 seropositive mothers, who had 11 preterm infants, excreted CMV into breast milk (80%). CMV excretion into breast milk was detected during the first week after delivery in 66% cases and was at its peaked between 3 to 5 weeks after delivery. Out of the 7 CMV-exposed infants, CMV transmission was confirmed in only one asymptomatic case. Total quantity of breast milk intake did not seem discriminative for CMV transmission. CONCLUSION: In CMV-seropositive mothers of preterm infants a high incidence of CMV excretion into breast milk was detected. Despite this high rate, symptomatic infection did not occur. However, potential risk and severity of infection may be difficult to establish. Because breastfeeding is beneficial, new procedures for gentle virus inactivation of seropositive breast milk should be assessed.


Subject(s)
Breast Feeding , Cytomegalovirus Infections/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Milk, Human/virology , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature , Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology , Male , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies
7.
Arch Pediatr ; 9(1): 41-4, 2002 Jan.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11865549

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: Influenza A virus infections are common in childhood and infancy and are often underdiagnosed while serious or lethal forms are rare. CASE-REPORT: We describe a case of sudden death in a two-year-old boy. Pathologic findings at autopsy were consistent with Myxovirus influenzae A virus infection and the virus was isolated by post mortem PCR. CONCLUSION: In the case of sudden death in infants, especially if pathologic findings are compatible with a viral infection, PCR may allow identification of the causative virus.


Subject(s)
Death, Sudden/etiology , Influenza A virus/isolation & purification , Influenza, Human/mortality , Autopsy , Child, Preschool , Humans , Influenza, Human/microbiology , Influenza, Human/pathology , Lung/microbiology , Male , Polymerase Chain Reaction
8.
J Clin Microbiol ; 34(12): 3002-6, 1996 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8940438

ABSTRACT

Thirteen laboratories participated in blind tests of a panel of 20 coded cerebrospinal fluid specimens (7 uninfected samples, 3 samples infected with 1 50% tissue culture infective dose [TCID50]/0.1 ml [nonenterovirus strains], and 10 samples infected with 10, 1, or 0.1 TCID50/0.1 ml [three different enterovirus serotypes]) on the Amplicor enterovirus PCR assay (Roche Diagnostic Systems). The panel was also evaluated by in-house PCR (two nested-PCR and three one-step PCR assay) or tissue culture (eight laboratories). The viral load was shown to influence greatly the sensitivity of the assay. The average sensitivity of the Amplicor test ranged from 67 to 98% for viral titers of 1 to 10 TCID50/0.1 ml, respectively; titers of 0.1 TCID50/0.1 ml resulted in a sensitivity of only 16%. The overall specificity of the Amplicor test was 98%. The Amplicor assay compared favorably to the five in-house PCR tests (no significant difference in either sensitivity or specificity) and was much more sensitive than tissue culture (P < 0.001), even for high viral loads. It was easy to perform, rapid (about 6 h), well-standardized, and appeared to be suitable for the diagnosis of enterovirus meningitis on a routine basis in laboratories trained in molecular biology techniques.


Subject(s)
Enterovirus Infections/diagnosis , Enterovirus/genetics , Meningitis/diagnosis , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , Virology/methods , Base Sequence , DNA Primers/genetics , Enterovirus/isolation & purification , Enterovirus Infections/cerebrospinal fluid , Enterovirus Infections/virology , Evaluation Studies as Topic , Humans , Meningitis/cerebrospinal fluid , Meningitis/virology , Molecular Sequence Data , Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards , Polymerase Chain Reaction/statistics & numerical data , RNA, Viral/cerebrospinal fluid , RNA, Viral/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity , Virology/standards , Virology/statistics & numerical data
9.
J Med Virol ; 38(2): 102-7, 1992 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-1334124

ABSTRACT

Four consecutive epidemics of keratoconjunctivitis caused by adenovirus 8 (Ad8) occurred over a 5-year period in Brest, France. A selection of 30 strains isolated during this period was studied by DNA restriction enzyme analysis using nine restriction enzymes. BglI and SacI were the most discriminative enzymes and allowed the recognition of four DNA variants, all different from the prototype strain Trim. Within each of the epidemics, the strains tested could not be distinguished in this analysis. Between strains from different epidemics differences in DNA structure could be detected however. Thus, the Ad8 epidemics of 1983/1984, 1984, 1987, and 1988 appear to have been due to DNA variants Ad8/D7, D8, D9, and D10, respectively. These results demonstrate that the DNA of Ad8 seems to display a considerable variability, comparable to that observed with Ad7 and Ad21. As has been described for Ad7, Ad21 and Ad41, successive DNA variants of Ad8 prevail during one or more years, and are then replaced by other, newly emerging variants sometimes associated with epidemics.


Subject(s)
Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Keratoconjunctivitis/epidemiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/microbiology , Adenoviruses, Human/classification , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , DNA Restriction Enzymes , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , France/epidemiology , Genetic Variation , Humans , Keratoconjunctivitis/microbiology
10.
Acta Virol ; 33(3): 270-80, 1989 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2570514

ABSTRACT

An apparently new agent, provisionally named Erve virus, was isolated in 1982 from tissues of three white toothed shrews, Crocidura russula, trapped near Saulges village in Western France. Results of virological and ultrastructural studies suggest that this virus belongs to the Bunyaviridae family and is a Bunyavirus-like agent. Serosurveys indicate that Erve virus had apparently a large geographical distribution in France and infects rodents, insectivores, wild boars (Sus scrofa), red deer (Cervus elaphus), sheep, herring gulls (Larus argentatus) and humans. Blood donors living in the vicinity of the Saulges area exhibit the highest incidence of antibody against Erve virus.


Subject(s)
Bunyaviridae/isolation & purification , Shrews/microbiology , Animals , Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Bunyaviridae/classification , Bunyaviridae/immunology , Complement Fixation Tests , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Humans
11.
J Med Virol ; 24(2): 199-204, 1988 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2832538

ABSTRACT

Eleven strains of adenovirus 8 (Ad 8) isolated during two consecutive outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) in the Ophthalmology Department of a University Hospital in France were compared by DNA restriction analysis. The results indicated that isolates from the two outbreaks belong to the same genome type, which is also the most predominant genome type of Ad 8. The usefulness of molecular epidemiology in Ad 8 infections is briefly discussed.


Subject(s)
Adenoviridae Infections/epidemiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Keratoconjunctivitis/epidemiology , Adenovirus Infections, Human/microbiology , Adenoviruses, Human/classification , Adenoviruses, Human/genetics , Adenoviruses, Human/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , DNA, Viral/genetics , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Epidemiologic Methods , Female , France , Humans , Keratoconjunctivitis/microbiology , Male , Middle Aged
12.
C R Acad Sci III ; 307(8): 479-84, 1988.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3142658

ABSTRACT

During an extensive virological survey (1977-1986), 187 strains of five different arboviruses were isolated from 7,117 ticks parasitising seabirds in Brittany and Normandy, whereas only one viral strain was obtained from 1,414 ticks collected from the Southern coasts of France and Corsica. Among the many ecological factors involved in virus circulation in the two areas, the unequal sizes of the seabird colonies may probably explain the unbalanced distribution of viruses.


Subject(s)
Arachnid Vectors , Arboviruses/isolation & purification , Birds/parasitology , Ticks/microbiology , Animals , Arboviruses/classification , France
13.
Acta Virol ; 30(5): 418-27, 1986 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2878589

ABSTRACT

Nine strains of Avalon virus were isolated from Ixodes uriae ticks collected in the Cape Sizun seabird reserve, Brittany, from 1979 to 1985, during a longitudinal study of consequences of tick-borne infections for kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Avalon virus strains isolated in France proved difficult to study owing to the weak infectious titres they exhibited in suckling mice or cultured cells. However, some interesting data concerning the ecology of virus infection and the morphology of the virions were obtained and are discussed.


Subject(s)
Bunyaviridae/isolation & purification , Ticks/microbiology , Animals , Bird Diseases/microbiology , Birds , Brain/microbiology , Brain/ultrastructure , Bunyaviridae/physiology , Bunyaviridae/ultrastructure , Bunyaviridae Infections/microbiology , Bunyaviridae Infections/pathology , Bunyaviridae Infections/veterinary , France , Longitudinal Studies , Meningoencephalitis/microbiology , Meningoencephalitis/pathology , Meningoencephalitis/veterinary , Mice , Microscopy, Electron , Vero Cells
14.
J Infect ; 13(2): 159-62, 1986 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3531351

ABSTRACT

Renal failure developed in a 20-year-old female renal transplant recipient in the course of reactivation of varicella-zoster virus infection. The patient was treated with acyclovir and immunosuppression was continued. The year later renal function in the transplanted kidney was satisfactory.


Subject(s)
Acute Kidney Injury/complications , Chickenpox/complications , Herpes Zoster/complications , Kidney Transplantation , Adult , Female , Humans , Recurrence
17.
Acta Virol ; 29(4): 318-23, 1985 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2864835

ABSTRACT

During field studies of a natural focus of Eyach virus infection in Western France, reovirus type 1 was isolated from tissues of a field mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus L., caught in 1982. Serological survey carried out in the same area among 118 small wild vertebrates, mainly mammals, showed a wide-spread circulation of this agent in 1982 and 1983. Epidemiological consequences of such results are briefly discussed in terms of virus interactions.


Subject(s)
Animal Diseases/microbiology , Animal Population Groups , Animals, Wild , Reoviridae Infections/veterinary , Reoviridae/isolation & purification , Animals , France , Mammalian orthoreovirus 3/isolation & purification , Reoviridae Infections/microbiology , Species Specificity
18.
Arch Virol ; 83(3-4): 129-40, 1985.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-2982352

ABSTRACT

Seven strains of a new Flavivirus, for which the name of Meaban virus is proposed, were isolated from the seabird tick Ornithodoros (A.) maritimus collected during 1981 and 1982 in nests of herring gulls (Larus argentatus) on islands of South Brittany, France. The new virus was compared serologically with 65 other flaviviruses including Tyuleniy virus and was found to be most closely related to, but different from Saumarez Reef virus, an agent previously isolated in Australia and Tasmania. Some general properties of Meaban virus are described and its antigenic relationships with other tick-borne flaviviruses associated with seabirds are discussed.


Subject(s)
Flavivirus/isolation & purification , Ticks/microbiology , Animals , Antigens, Viral/immunology , Complement Fixation Tests , Flavivirus/classification , Flavivirus/immunology , Flavivirus/ultrastructure , France , Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests , Meningoencephalitis/etiology , Mice , Microscopy, Electron , Neutralization Tests , Togaviridae Infections/microbiology
19.
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp ; 59(1): 1-6, 1984.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6721365

ABSTRACT

By means of transmission electron microscopy, it was possible to visualize typical viral particles of Soldado virus (Bunyaviridae, Nairovirus ) in the tissues of a naturally infected Ornithodoros ( Alectorobius ) maritimus tick.


Subject(s)
Bunyaviridae/ultrastructure , Ticks/microbiology , Animals , Microscopy, Electron
20.
Arch Virol ; 82(3-4): 161-71, 1984.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6508529

ABSTRACT

During the spring of 1981, two strains of an identical virus were isolated in Mayenne, France, from Ixodes ricinus L. and Ixodes ventalloi Gil Collado, parasiting a wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.). Virological and serological results indicated that these strains belong to the Colorado tick fever serogroup and are indistinguishable from Eyach virus, a tick-borne virus previously described from West Germany. Study of dsRNA PAGE profiles confirmed these conclusions. The morphology and morphogenesis of French isolates were studied in infected suckling mouse brains showing some peculiar features previously described for Colorado tick fever virus. The importance of the isolation of Eyach virus in France is discussed.


Subject(s)
Colorado tick fever virus/isolation & purification , Reoviridae/isolation & purification , Ticks/microbiology , Animals , Antigens, Viral/analysis , Brain/microbiology , Cell Line , Cerebellar Cortex/microbiology , Cerebellar Cortex/ultrastructure , France , Humans , Mice , Microscopy, Electron , Rabbits , Species Specificity
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