Respuesta terapéutica del HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular y su asociación con la COVID-19

Introducción: El carcinoma basocelular constituye uno de los tipos de cáncer cutáneo de mayor incidencia. El uso del HeberFERON® ha demostrado una efectiva respuesta clínica. Objetivo: Evaluar la respuesta del HeberFERON® en pacientes con carcinoma basocelular asociado a la COVID-19, y su comportamiento en pacientes con igual diagnóstico dermatológico sin tratamiento previo con dicho fármaco, atendidos con cirugía. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo y retrospectivo en un universo de 184 pacientes adultos con carcinoma basocelular. Se analizaron las variables edad, sexo, fototipo de piel, comorbilidades asociadas, infección con SARS-CoV-2 asociada con tratamiento previo con HeberFERON® o cirugía; tiempo entre tratamiento recibido y padecimiento de COVID-19, y severidad de los síntomas. Los resultados se expresan en tablas. Resultados: Se estudiaron 94 pacientes tratados con HeberFERON® para el carcinoma basocelular, y 90 pacientes tratados con cirugía. Predominaron los masculinos, mayores de 60 años, fototipo de piel II-III, con comorbilidades cardiovasculares. De ellos, 24 (25,5 %) resultaron positivos a la COVID-19, y el 83,3 % desarrollaron síntomas leves. De los tratados con cirugía para el carcinoma basocelular, 61 resultaron positivos a la COVID-19 (67,7 %), y el 55,7 % tuvo sintomatología severa. Durante el ciclo de tratamiento con HeberFERON para el carcinoma basocelular, el 66,7 % enfermó con COVID-19 entre las 16 y 32 semanas. Posterior a las 32 semanas, se reportó un fallecido. Conclusiones: Los pacientes tratados con cirugía sin previo HeberFERON tuvieron más contagios con COVID-19, predominando los decesos asociados a ello, siendo menor en los que lo recibieron. De los tratados previamente con HeberFERON® para el carcinoma basocelular, el 74,5 % no enfermó de COVID-19, a pesar de haber sido el 52,8 % contactos de positivos al SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is one of the types of skin cancer with the highest incidence. The use of HeberFERON® has shown an effective clinical response. Objective: To evaluate the response of HeberFERON® in patients with BCC associated with COVID-19 and its behavior in patients with the same dermatological diagnosis without previous treatment with that drug, treated with surgery. Materials and methods: A descriptive and retrospective observational study was conducted in a universe of 184 adult patients with basal cell carcinoma. The variables analyzed were age, sex, skin phototype, associated comorbidities, SARS-CoV-2 infection, associated to previously treatment with HeberFERON® or surgery; time between treatment received and suffering from COVID-19; severity of symptoms. The results were expressed in tables. Results: 94 patients were treated with HeberFERON® for basal cell carcinoma, and 90 were treated with surgery. There was a predominance of male patients, aged over 60 years, skin phototype II-III, with cardiovascular morbidities. Of them, 24 (25.5%) were positive to COVID-19 (67.7%), and 83.3% developed mild symptoms. Of those treated with surgery for basal cell carcinoma, 61 were positive to COVID-19 (67,7%), and 55.7% had severe symptoms. During the HeberFERON® treatment cycle for basal cell carcinoma, 66.7% became ill with COVID-19 between 16 and 32 weeks. After 32 weeks one deceased was reported. Conclusions: Patients treated with surgery without prior HeberFERON® had more infections with Covid-19, the deaths associated with it predominating, being less in those who received it. Of those previously treated with HeberFERON® for basal cell carcinoma, 74.5% did not become ill with COVID-19, despite having been 52.8% contacts to SARS-CoV-2 positive people.

Mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase TRMT61B is a new, potential biomarker and therapeutic target for highly aneuploid cancers.

Despite being frequently observed in cancer cells, chromosomal instability (CIN) and its immediate consequence, aneuploidy, trigger adverse effects on cellular homeostasis that need to be overcome by anti-stress mechanisms. As such, these safeguard responses represent a tumor-specific Achilles heel, since CIN and aneuploidy are rarely observed in normal cells. Recent data have revealed that epitranscriptomic marks catalyzed by RNA-modifying enzymes change under various stress insults. However, whether aneuploidy is associated with such RNA modifying pathways remains to be determined. Through an in silico search for aneuploidy biomarkers in cancer cells, we found TRMT61B, a mitochondrial RNA methyltransferase enzyme, to be associated with high levels of aneuploidy. Accordingly, TRMT61B protein levels are increased in tumor cell lines with an imbalanced karyotype as well as in different tumor types when compared to control tissues. Interestingly, while TRMT61B depletion induces senescence in melanoma cell lines with low levels of aneuploidy, it leads to apoptosis in cells with high levels. The therapeutic potential of these results was further validated by targeting TRMT61B in transwell and xenografts assays. We show that TRM61B depletion reduces the expression of several mitochondrial encoded proteins and limits mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results identify a new biomarker of aneuploidy in cancer cells that could potentially be used to selectively target highly aneuploid tumors.

MEK inhibitor sensitivity in BRAF fusion-driven prostate cancer

Purpose The identification of subpopulations harboring druggable targets has become a major step forward in the subclassification of solid tumors into small groups suitable for specific therapies. BRAF fusions represent a paradigm of uncommon and targetable oncogenic events and have been widely correlated to the development of specific malignancies. However, they are only present in a limited frequency across most common tumor types. At this regard, we performed a genomic screening aimed to identifying rare variants associated to advanced prostate cancer development. Methods Tumoral tissue genomic screening of 41 patients developing advanced prostate cancer was performed at our center as part of the GETHI XX study. The project, sponsored by the Spanish Collaborative Group in Rare Cancers (GETHI), aims to analyze the molecular background of rare tumors and to discover unfrequent molecular variants in common tumors. Results Here we present the clinical outcome and an in-deep molecular analysis performed in a case harboring a SND1-BRAF fusion gene. The identification of such rearrangement in a patient refractory to standard therapies led to the administration of trametinib (MEK inhibitor). Despite unsensitive to standard therapies, the patient achieved a dramatic response to trametinib. A comprehensive study of the tumor demonstrated this event to be a trunk alteration with higher expression of MEK in areas of tumor invasion. Conclusions Our study describes the patient-driven discovery of the first BRAF fusion-driven prostate cancer effectively treated with trametinib. Consequently, MAPK pathway activation could define a new subtype of prostate cancer susceptible to a tailored management. (AU)

MEK inhibitor sensitivity in BRAF fusion-driven prostate cancer.

PURPOSE: The identification of subpopulations harboring druggable targets has become a major step forward in the subclassification of solid tumors into small groups suitable for specific therapies. BRAF fusions represent a paradigm of uncommon and targetable oncogenic events and have been widely correlated to the development of specific malignancies. However, they are only present in a limited frequency across most common tumor types. At this regard, we performed a genomic screening aimed to identifying rare variants associated to advanced prostate cancer development. METHODS: Tumoral tissue genomic screening of 41 patients developing advanced prostate cancer was performed at our center as part of the GETHI XX study. The project, sponsored by the Spanish Collaborative Group in Rare Cancers (GETHI), aims to analyze the molecular background of rare tumors and to discover unfrequent molecular variants in common tumors. RESULTS: Here we present the clinical outcome and an in-deep molecular analysis performed in a case harboring a SND1-BRAF fusion gene. The identification of such rearrangement in a patient refractory to standard therapies led to the administration of trametinib (MEK inhibitor). Despite unsensitive to standard therapies, the patient achieved a dramatic response to trametinib. A comprehensive study of the tumor demonstrated this event to be a trunk alteration with higher expression of MEK in areas of tumor invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Our study describes the patient-driven discovery of the first BRAF fusion-driven prostate cancer effectively treated with trametinib. Consequently, MAPK pathway activation could define a new subtype of prostate cancer susceptible to a tailored management.

Inclusion of different levels of inulin on productive parameters and intestinal morphology in fattening guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) / Efeito da inclusão de diferentes níveis de inulina nos parâmetros produtivos e na morfologia intestinal em cobaias de engorda (Cavia porcellus)

ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the effect of the three inulin levels (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.4%) supplemented as a substitute for an antibiotic growth promoter (AGP, zinc bacitracin) and control in guinea pigs raised for human consumption. Fifty 14-day-old male guinea pigs were used. Productive parameters (weight gain, total dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR)) and intestinal morphology of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum at slaughter (70 days of age) were evaluated. An inverse relationship was observed between inulin levels and FCR (linear effect; P = 0.006). There was no statistically significant effect of the treatments on total dry matter intake and weight gain (P > 0.05). A linear effect of the inulin level on the villi's length (VL), villi's width (VW), and length/depth ratio (VL/DC) in the duodenum; VW in the jejunum; and VL in the ileum (P <0 .05) was reported. In conclusion, a linear effect of the increasing doses of inulin was found on the FCR and the morphological parameters of the duodenum's integrity, and no differences in the effects of the inulin added to the diet and the treatment with AGP were found.

RESUMO: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação na dieta de cobaias com inulina, em níveis crescentes (0,1%, 0,2%, 0,4%) como substituto para um antibiótico promotor de crescimento (AGP, bacitracina de zinco) além do grupo controle (dieta padrão). Foram utilizados 50 porquinhos-da-índia machos com 14 dias de idade. Os parâmetros produtivos foram avaliados do desmame aos 70 dias de idade e os parâmetros morfológicos intestinais foram avaliados no duodeno, jejuno e íleo no momento do abate. Foi encontrado um efeito linear do nível de inulina sobre na taxa de conversão alimentar (FCR; P = 0,006), indicando que em níveis mais elevados de inulina o FCR diminui. Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quando avaliado o efeito dos diferentes tratamentos sobre o consumo de ração e ganho de peso corporal (P > 0,05). Um efeito linear do nível de inulina foi encontrado no comprimento das vilosidades (VL), na largura das vilosidades (VW) e na relação comprimento / profundidade (VL/DC) no duodeno, sobre a VW no jejuno; e no VL no íleo (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, um efeito linear do aumento do nível de inulina foi encontrado na taxa de conversão alimentar e nos parâmetros morfológicos da integridade do duodeno, além disso, não houve diferença entre a adição de inulina na dieta e o tratamento com um antibiótico promotor de crescimento.

Eucalyptus honey: Quality parameters, chemical composition and health-promoting properties.

Eucalyptus honey is an important unifloral honey commercialized worldwide and much desired by consumers due to the medicinal properties attributed to it because of the plant from which it is produced. In general, eucalyptus honey has been classified as being rich in pollen grains from the eucalyptus tree as well as having physicochemical characteristics that, in a way, have made it stand out from other honeys. Similar to other types of honey, eucalyptus honey can suffer contaminations and adulterations that compromise its quality, safety and authenticity. Thus, detailed knowledge of the composition and properties of this monofloral honeys is of great importance. With this background, the aim of this review is to present and discuss recent data regarding the physicochemical characteristics, chemical and health-promoting properties of eucalyptus honey as well as microbial contamination, authenticity, processing and adulteration.

Consequences of Lmna Exon 4 Mutations in Myoblast Function.

Laminopathies are causally associated with mutations on the Lamin A/C gene (LMNA). To date, more than 400 mutations in LMNA have been reported in patients. These mutations are widely distributed throughout the entire gene and are associated with a wide range of phenotypes. Unfortunately, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the effect of the majority of these mutations. This is the case of more than 40 mutations that are located at exon 4. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated a collection of Lmna exon 4 mutants in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. These cell models included different types of exon 4 deletions and the presence of R249W mutation, one of the human variants associated with a severe type of laminopathy, LMNA-associated congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD). We characterized these clones by measuring their nuclear circularity, myogenic differentiation capacity in 2D and 3D conditions, DNA damage, and levels of p-ERK and p-AKT (phosphorylated Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/3 and AKT serine/threonine kinase 1). Our results indicated that Lmna exon 4 mutants showed abnormal nuclear morphology. In addition, levels and/or subcellular localization of different members of the lamin and LINC (LInker of Nucleoskeleton and Cytoskeleton) complex were altered in all these mutants. Whereas no significant differences were observed for ERK and AKT activities, the accumulation of DNA damage was associated to the Lmna p.R249W mutant myoblasts. Finally, significant myogenic differentiation defects were detected in the Lmna exon 4 mutants. These results have key implications in the development of future therapeutic strategies for the treatment of laminopathies.

El pase de visita docente como herramienta didáctica en el proceso de formación de los médicos de pregrado / The teacher visits pass as a tool in the training process for undergraduate doctors

El pase de visita docente constituye la herramienta más cercana a la realidad que tiene los estudiantes de medicina para integrar los conocimientos adquiridos en el aula frente a la situación real de un paciente hospitalizado o en otros servicios hospitalarios. Resulta el espacio más importante de la formación médica de pregrado en el área clínica y es considerado el espacio vital para la consolidación de conocimientos y la adquisición de la experticia en el reconocimiento de signos y síntomas, su interpretación clínica y la elaboración de un diagnóstico con la consecuente administración de un posible tratamiento médico(AU)

The teacher visit pass is the tool closest to the reality that medical students have to integrate the knowledge acquired in the classroom in front of the real situation of a hospitalized patient or in other hospital services. It is the most important space of undergraduate medical training in the clinical area and is considered the vital space for the consolidation of knowledge and the acquisition of expertise in the recognition of signs and symptoms, its clinical interpretation and the elaboration of a diagnosis with the consequent administration of a possible medical treatment(AU)

In vitro comparative study of apical microfiltration in retrograde fillings between dental cements: MTA Repair Hp and Biodentine / Estudio comparativo"in vitro" de lamicro filtración apical en obturaciones retrógradasentre cementos dentales: MTA Repair Hp y Biodentine

Abstract Objective: To compare "in vitro" the degree of bacterial microfiltration in the apical third of the root canal, when performing the retrograde filling technique using two endodontic cements: MTA Repair Hp (Angellus) and Biodentine (Septodont). Materials and methods: Twenty-two uniradicular teeth were used (upper central and lateral incisors), whose ducts were instrumented up to the working length with the Limas K File hand instruments (Dentsply / Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups A, B, C and D, group A and B of 10 teeth each. The root canals of group A were obturated using retrograde technique with MTA Repair Hp, and those of Group B with Biodentine, Group C root canals positive control, Group D root canals negative control. The samples were screened and photographed, and the images were analyzed in the three thirds root using the program Motic Images 5.0. Results: Group A (MTA Repair Hp) showed a greater penetration of Chinese ink in the last 3 millimeters of the apical third, as well as in the middle third in relation to Group B (Biodentine), and although this difference was not statistically significant one observed a tendency to smaller microfiltrations with Biodentine. Conclusion: The technique of retrograde obturation with Biodentine presents a greater tendency to provide a more hermetic peripheral seal of the apical third, as compared to the retrograde obturation technique with MTA Repair Hp.

Resumen Objetivo: Comparar "in vitro" el grado de microfiltración bacteriana en el tercio apical del conducto radicular, al realizar la técnica de obturación retrógrada mediante el uso de dos cementos endodónticos: el MTA Repair Hp (Angellus) y el Biodentine (Septodont). Materiales y Métodos: Se utilizaron 22 dientes uniradiculares extraídos (incisivos centrales y laterales superiores) cuyos conductos fueron instrumentados hasta la longitud de trabajo con los instrumentos manuales Limas K File (Dentsply/Maillefer, Ballaigues, Suiza). Los dientes se dividieron al azar en 4 grupos A, B, C y D, el grupo A y B de 10 piezas dentales cada uno. Los conductos radiculares del grupo A fueron obturados mediante técnica retrógrada con MTA Repair Hp, y los del Grupo B con Biodentine, Grupo C conducto control positivo, Grupo D conducto control negativo. Las muestras fueron transparentadas y fotografiadas, y las imágenes se analizaron en los tres tercios radiculares mediante el programa Motic Images 5.0. Resultados: El grupo A (MTA Repair Hp) mostró una penetración mayor de la tinta china en los 3 últimos milímetros del tercio apical, así como en tercio medio respecto al Grupo B (Biodnetine), y aunque esta diferenciano fue estadísticamente significativa si se observa una tendencia a menores microfiltraciones con el Biodentine. Conclusión: La técnica de obturación retrógrada con Biodentine presenta una mayor tendencia a brindar un sellado periférico más hermético del tercio apical, en comparación con la técnica de obturación retrógrada con MTA Repair Hp.

La ruta de señalización de MAPK Pmk1p y el mantenimiento de la integridad celular del Schizosaccharomyces Pombe / The signaling pathway of MAPK Pmk1p and the maintenance of cellular integrity of the Schizosaccharomyces Pombe

En Schizosaccharomyces pombe se han descrito tres cascadas de MAPKs: la de respuesta feromonas, con Spk1p como MAP kinasa; la de respuesta a estrés en la que Sty1p/Spc1p es la MAPK y la de mantenimiento de la integridad celular liderada por Pmk1p/Spm1p. La eliminación de cualquiera de las kinasas de la ruta de integridad provoca alteraciones morfo-lógicas y células multitabicadas en condiciones de estrés. Todos estos defectos sugieren una función en homeostasis iónica y en la biosíntesis de la pared celular por lo que nos propone-mos estudiar el papel de la ruta de señalización de MAPK Pmk1p en el mantenimiento de la integridad celular en S.pombe. En este trabajo el organismo mayoritariamente utilizado ha sido la levadura de fisión S. pombe y para realizar los trabajos de clonación molecular se utili-zaron también diferentes estirpes de Escherichia coli. Se emplearon diversas técnicas de clonación molecular, métodos genéticos, Western Blot y determinación de la actividad de Pmk1p bajo condiciones de estrés. Las conclusiones más importantes fueron: que los "senso-res" "Mtl2p y Wsc1p" señalizan hacia Rho1p, pero no son componentes "auténticos" de la cascada, y sus mutantes no presentan el fenotipo VIC (viable en presencia de inmunosupresor y de iones cloruro), característico de los mutantes en los componentes de la cascada. Mtl2p y Wsc1p no desempeñan un papel importante en la señalización en respuesta a estrés osmótico y daño en la pared celular a través de la ruta de integridad celular de Pmk1p.

Three cascades of MAPKs have been described about the Schizosaccharomyces pombe such as: the pheromone response with Spk1p as MAP kinase, the stress response in which Sty1p/Spc1p is MAPK, and the maintenance of cell integrity led by Pmk1p/Spm1p. The elimination of any of the kinases of the integrity path causes morphological alterations and multitabicated cells under stress conditions; suggesting a role in ionic homeostasis and cell wall biosynthesis. So, it was proposed to study the role of the MAPK Pmk1p signaling pathway in the maintenance of cell integrity in S.pombe. The organism mainly used was the fission yeast S. pombe and different molecular strains of Escherichia coli were used to carry out the molecular cloning work. Different techniques of molecular cloning, genetic methods, Western Blot and determination of the activity of Pmk1p under stress conditions were used. The most important conclusions were that the "sensors" "Mtl2p and Wsc1p" signal towards Rho1p but they are not "authentic" components of the cascade, and their mutants do not present the Vic phenotype (viable in the presence of immunosuppressant and chloride ion), characteristic of the mutants in the components of the cascade. Mtl2p and Wsc1p do not play an important role in signaling in response to osmotic stress and cell wall damage through the cellular integrity pathway of Pmk1p.

Genoma de Candida albicans y resistencia a las drogas / Genome of Candida albicans and drug resistance

Resumen Candida albicans es un importante patógeno fúngico en los humanos tanto por su importancia clínica como por su uso como un modelo experimental para la investigación científica. La comprensión de la biología de este patógeno es un requisito importante para la identificación de nuevas dianas de medicamentos para la terapia antifúngica. En esta revisión nos proponemos profundizar en las características del genoma de Candida albicans, su relación con la virulencia y cómo influye en la resistencia a las drogas antifúngicas, que nos permita comprender los mecanismos por los cuales ejerce su acción patógena y desarrollar otros enfoques en la búsqueda de nuevos antifúngicos. La revisión se realizó a través de los buscadores y plataformas HINARI, SciELO y MEDLINE. Se revisaron 40 revistas de impacto de la Web of Science relacionadas con el tema. Los descriptores empleados fueron: "genome of Candida albicans", "drug resistance genes", "dimorphism", "virulence" y la combinación entre ellos y sus equivalentes en español. El análisis de los genomas fúngicos hace posible predecir el rol de genes con potencial terapéutico, con la secuenciación del genoma de Candida albicans ha aumentado la información sobre la función de los genes, entre los que destacan los posibles objetivos farmacológicos. El estudio del genoma de Candida albicans resulta imprescindible para diseñar en el futuro protocolos diagnósticos seguros, así como hallar nuevas dianas antifúngicas que permitan formular terapias más efectivas.

Abstract Candida albicans is an important fungal pathogen in humans both for its clinical importance and its use as an experimental model for scientific research. Understanding the biology of this pathogen is an important requirement for the identification of new drug targets for antifungal therapy. In this review, we propose to delve into the characteristics of the genome of Candida albicans, its relation to virulence and how it influences resistance to antifungal drugs, allowing us to understand the mechanisms by which it exerts its pathogenic action and to develop other approaches in the Search for new antifungals. The review was carried out through the HINARI, SciELO and MEDLINE search engines and platforms. We reviewed 40 Web of Science impact journals related to the topic. The descriptors employed were: "genome of Candida albicans", "drug resistance genes", "dimorphism", "virulence" and the combination between them and their equivalents in Spanish. Analysis of fungal genomes makes it possible to predict the role of genes with therapeutic potential, with sequencing of the genome of Candida albicans has increased information on the function of genes, among which stand out possible pharmacological targets-specific virulence. The study of the genome of Candida albicans is essential for the future design of safe diagnostic protocols, as well as finding new antifungal targets to formulate more effective therapies.

Microbiota de los ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal / Microbiota of oral cavity ecosystems

Introducción: la cavidad bucal está compuesta de muchas superficies, cada una de ellas recubierta por una gran cantidad de bacterias, formando la biopelícula bacteriana. Algunas de estas bacterias han sido implicadas en enfermedades bucales como la caries y la periodontitis, que están entre las infecciones bacterianas más comunes en los seres humanos. Objetivo: profundizar en el estudio de la microbiota de los ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal a partir de una revisión bibliográfica para mejorar la comprensión de las funciones de la microbiota oral. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de febrero a junio de 2016 sobre los principales microorganismos que forman parte de los diferentes ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal. Los criterios de inclusión en la búsqueda fueron: microbiota oral, flora normal de la cavidad bucal, microbioma oral, ecosistemas primarios y secundarios de la cavidad bucal, microorganismos comensales de la cavidad bucal. La revisión se realizó a través de los buscadores y plataformas HINARI, SciELO y MEDLINE. Se revisaron 49 revistas de impacto de la Web of Science relacionadas con el tema, el 91 por ciento de la bibliografía correspondía a publicaciones realizadas durante los últimos 5 años. Análisis e integración de la información: se realizó un análisis sobre la composición de la microbiota bucal de los diferentes ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal. Conclusiones: el conocimiento de la microbiota bucal es una herramienta valiosa para la identificación correcta de las bacterias que están involucradas en complejas biopelículas bucales y nos permite entender mejor la patología bucal , hacer un diagnóstico efectivo y conocer si los cambios que predisponen a la enfermedad ocurren primero en el huésped o, por el contrario, a nivel microbiano(AU)

Introduction: the oral cavity is composed of many surfaces, each covered by a large number of bacteria forming the bacterial biofilm. Some of these bacteria have been implicated in oral diseases such as caries and periodontitis, which are among the most common bacterial infections in humans. Objective: by conducting a bibliographic review about the microbiota of oral cavity ecosystems improve our knowledge about the functions of the oral microbiota. Methods: a bibliographic review was conducted from February to June 2016 about the main microorganisms involved in the various oral cavity ecosystems. The search was based on the following inclusion criteria: oral microbiota, normal flora of the oral cavity, oral microbiome, primary and secondary oral cavity ecosystems, commensal microorganisms of the oral cavity. The review was based on search engines and platforms HINARI, SciELO and MEDLINE, and included 49 high impact journals from the Web of Science in which the topic was dealt with. 91 percent of the literature were publications from the last five years. Data analysis and integration: an analysis was performed of the composition of the oral microbiota of the various ecosystems in the oral cavity. Conclusions: knowledge about the oral microbiota is a valuable tool to accurately identify the bacteria involved in complex oral biofilms, allowing us to better understand oral pathology, make effective diagnoses, and determine whether the changes leading to disease occur first in the host or on a microbial level(AU)

The Accreditation Experience of Clinical Laboratories and Blood Banks in Mexico.

The accreditation of clinical laboratories and blood banks based on ISO 15189 is now being consolidated in Mexico, and is coordinated by the Mexican accreditation entity innovative strategies, A.C. (ema) and supported by the activities of the committee of clinical laboratories and blood banks. The active participation in working groups formed by the technical committee of clinical laboratories and blood banks in specific areas, has contributed to the formulation of technical documents and criteria of evaluation that strengthen the current accreditation scheme. The national registry of evaluation (PNE) consists of technical experts and evaluators from different disciplines of clinical laboratory; the evaluators actively participate in accreditation assessment, with an ultimate goal to receive training and feedback for continuous improvement of its own performance.

Efecto estrogénico del extracto hidroalcóholico de alfalfa (Medicago sativa) en ratas albinas ovariectomizadas / Estrogen effect of hydroalcoholic extract of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in ovariectomized albino rats

Objetivo: Demostrar las propiedades estrogénicas del extracto hidroalcohólico de la especie Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) en ratas albinas ovariectomizadas (OVX). Método: Se emplearon 48 ratas albinas Sprague Dawley hembras de 200 a 250 g. de 8 semanas de edad de las cuales 40 fueron sometidas a extirpación quirúrgica de ambos ovarios (OVX) siguiendo la técnica de ovariectomía bilateral por el flanco. Después del post-operatorio las ratas se dividieron en seis grupos y se suministró el extracto hidroalcohólico de Medicago sativa (alfalfa) bajo el siguiente esquema de trabajo: Grupo 1:Control Negativo (OVX), vehículo, VO,2mL/kg; Grupo2: Control Positivo (OVX) ,Estradiol, SC, 3ug/kg; Grupo 3: (OVX)Extracto Alfalfa ,VO, 100 mg/kg; Grupo 4: (OVX),Extracto Alfalfa, VO, 500 mg/kg; Grupo 5: (OVX), Extracto Alfalfa, VO, 1000 mg/kg; Grupo 6: (No OVX),Control del procedimiento quirúrgico. El tratamiento duró 14 días. Los parámetros evaluados fueron peso del útero, peso corporal, cambios del ciclo estral mediante frotis vaginal y análisis del perfil hormonal. Resultados: Se observó aumento en el peso de útero en las dosis de 500mg/kg y 1000mg/kg.; además de la presencia de alcaloides, flavonoides y saponinas en el extracto hidroalcohólico de alfalfa en cantidad regular. En la técnica quirúrgica empleada la combinación anestésica xilazina (2mg/kg), ketamina (40mg/kg) indujo un plano quirúrgico óptimo (plano 2), sin complicaciones en el post-operatorio ni la muerte de los animales. Conclusiones: El extracto hidroalcohólico de Medicago sativa L (alfalfa) causa un efecto estrogénico al incrementar el peso de útero en ratas OVX en las dosis de 500mg/kg y 1000mg/kg. Además contiene saponinas en cantidad regular. La técnica quirúrgica ovariectomía bilateral por el flanco es un método práctico, confiable y menos traumático para los animales que permite realizar investigaciones sobre defiencia de estrógenos.

In vitro proliferation and expansion of hematopoietic progenitors present in mobilized peripheral blood from normal subjects and cancer patients.

In the present study, we have assessed, in a comparative manner, the in vitro proliferation and expansion potentials of hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) present in mobilized peripheral blood from normal subjects (MPB-n; n = 18) and cancer patients (MPB-c; n = 18). The latter included patients with breast cancer (BrCa; n = 8), Hodgkin disease (HD; n = 4), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL; n = 3), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML; n = 3). Progenitor cells from normal bone marrow (BM) and umbilical cord blood (UCB) were included as controls. HPC, enriched by a negative selection procedure, were cultured for 25 days, in serum-free liquid media in the presence of a cytokine combination including early- and late-acting cytokines. Our results demonstrate that the in vitro biological properties of progenitor cells present in MPB differ, depending on whether they are derived from healthy individuals, from patients with solid tumors, or from patients with hematological neoplasias. Among all cell sources analyzed, UCB-derived progenitors showed the greatest proliferation and expansion potentials (1000-fold increase in total cell numbers on day 15, and a 22-fold increase in myeloid progenitor cell numbers, at day 10). Progenitor cells present in MPB from hematologically normal individuals showed proliferation and expansion potentials comparable to those of HPC from normal BM (500-fold increase in total cell numbers on day 15, and a 14-fold increase in myeloid progenitor cell numbers, at day 10). The proliferation/expansion potentials of MPB progenitors from BrCa patients were also within the normal range, although in the lower levels (327-fold increase in total cell numbers, on day 15, and 11.8-fold increase in myeloid progenitors, at day 10). In contrast, progenitors present in MPB from patients with HD, NHL, and especially AML, showed reduced in vitro capacities (119-, 102-, and 51-fold increase in total cell numbers, respectively; and 8-, 4-, and 2.6-fold increase in myeloid progenitor cells, respectively). To our knowledge, this is the first report in which the in vitro proliferation and expansion potentials of HPC from MPB from normal subjects and cancer patients are assessed simultaneously in a comparative manner.