ABSTRACT
RESUMEN La enfermedad por coronavirus del 2019es una preocupación a nivel mundial, su propagación está relacionada a características propias del virus y a la toma de acciones gubernamentales, de salud pública y hábitos sociales. Utilizar herramientas matemáticas y computacionales ayuda a tener un panorama de la situación actual y a futuro de esta problemática. Con el objetivo de reflejar el comportamiento de esta enfermedad mediante simulación con dinámica de sistemas y evaluar la cantidad de contagios activos, muertes y recuperados en Paraguay en el mes de febrero del 2021 se utilizó el software Vensim aplicando una modificación del modelo básico de epidemiología de Kermack y McKendrick que considera a la población de susceptibles, infectados y recuperados. La simulación de esta dinámica ha presentado diferencias de 758 casos activos, 216 muertes y 37009 recuperados respecto a lo reportado, siendo los casos activos la aproximación más importante del estudio.
ABSTRACT The 2019 coronavirus disease is a worldwide concern, its spread is related to the characteristics of the virus and the taking of government, public health and social habits. Using mathematical and computational tools help to have an overview of the current situation and a future of this problem. In order to reflect behavior of this disease through simulation with system dynamics and evaluating the number of active infections, deaths and recoveries in Paraguay in the month of February 2021, the Vensim software was released by applying a modification of the basic model of epidemiology of Kermack and McKendrick who consider the population of susceptible, processed and recovered. The simulation of this dynamic has presented differences of 758 active cases, 216 deaths and 37009 recovered with respect to what was reported, with active cases being the most important approximation of the study.
RESUMO A doença do coronavírus 2019 é uma preocupação mundial, sua disseminação está relacionada às características do vírus e à toma de ações governamentais, de saúde pública e hábitos sociais. O uso de ferramentas matemáticas e computacionais ajudam a ter uma visão geral da situação atual e futura deste problema. Para refletir o comportamento desta doença através de simulação com dinâmica de sistemas e avaliar o número de infecções ativas, óbitos e recuperações no Paraguai no mês de fevereiro de 2021, foi utilizado o software Vensim, aplicando uma modificação do modelo básico de epidemiologia de Kermack e McKendrick que considera a população de suscetíveis, infectados e recuperados. A simulação dessa dinâmica apresentou diferenças de 758 casos ativos, 216 óbitos e 37.009 recuperados em relação ao informado, sendo os casos ativos a aproximação mais importante do estudo.
ABSTRACT
KEY MESSAGE: StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response in potato plants; its overexpression promoted ROS scavenging, chlorophyll stability, and the induction of stress-responsive genes conferring tolerance to salinity. The salinity of soils affects plant development and is responsible for great losses in crop yields. Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) are sensor-transducers that decode Ca2+ signatures triggered by abiotic stimuli and translate them into physiological responses. Histochemical analyses of potato plants harboring StCDPK2 promoter fused to the reporter gene ß-glucuronidase (ProStCDPK2:GUS) revealed that GUS activity was high in the leaf blade and veins, it was restricted to root tips and lateral root primordia, and was observed upon stolon swelling. Comparison with ProStCDPK1:GUS and ProStCDPK3:GUS plants revealed their differential activities in the plant tissues. ProStCDPK2:GUS plants exposed to high salt presented enhanced GUS activity in roots which correlated with the numerous stress-responsive sites predicted in its promoter sequence. Moreover, StCDPK2 expression increased in in vitro potato plants after 2 h of high salt exposure and in greenhouse plants exposed to a dynamic stress condition. As inferred from biometric data and chlorophyll content, plants that overexpress StCDPK2 were more tolerant than wild-type plants when exposed to high salt. Overexpressing plants have a more efficient antioxidant system; they showed reduced accumulation of peroxide and higher catalase activity under salt conditions, and enhanced expression of WRKY6 and ERF5 transcription factors under control conditions. Our results indicate that StCDPK2 is an early player in the salt stress response and support a positive correlation between StCDPK2 overexpression and tolerance towards salt stress.
Subject(s)
Solanum tuberosum , Chlorophyll/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plant Proteins/genetics , Plant Proteins/metabolism , Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics , Protein Kinases/genetics , Protein Kinases/metabolism , Salt Stress/genetics , Solanum tuberosum/metabolism , Stress, Physiological/geneticsABSTRACT
La enfermedad por coronavirus del 2019 es una preocupación a nivel mundial, su propagación está relacionada a características propias del virus y a la toma de acciones gubernamentales, de salud pública y hábitos sociales. Utilizar herramientas matemáticas y computacionales ayuda a tener un panorama de la situación actual y al futuro de esta problemática. Con el objetivo de reflejar el comportamiento de esta enfermedad mediante simulación con dinámica de sistemas y evaluar la cantidad de contagios activos, muertes y recuperados en Paraguay en el mes de febrero del 2021 se utilizó el software Vensim aplicando una modificación del modelo básico de epidemiología de Kermack y McKendrick que considera a la población de susceptibles, infectados y recuperados. La simulación de esta dinámica ha presentado diferencias de 758 casos activos, 216 muertes y 37009 recuperados respecto a lo reportado, siendo los casos activos la aproximación más importante del estudio(AU)
The 2019 coronavirus disease is a worldwide concern, its spread is related to the characteristics of the virus and the taking of government, public health and social habits. Using mathematical and computational tools help to have an overview of the current situation and a future of this problem. In order to reflect behavior of this disease through simulation with system dynamics and evaluating the number of active infections, deaths and recoveries in Paraguay in the month of February 2021, the Vensim software was released by applying a modification of the basic model of epidemiology of Kermack and McKendrick who consider the population of susceptible, processed and recovered. The simulation of this dynamic has presented differences of 758 active cases, 216 deaths and 37009 recovered with respect to what was reported, with active cases being the most important approximation of the study(EU)
