[Radial head and neck fractures in children]. / Fracturas pediátricas de cabeza y cuello de radio.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse cases of radial head and neck fractures in children and compare them with the literature. METHOD: Retrospective and descriptive study of 21 children with radial head and neck fractures. The following parameters were collected: demographics, comorbidity, classification, treatment, need for rehabilitation, lack of range of motion (ROM), time for recovery and complications. RESULTS: The series included 11 males, and the mean age was 8.3 years. The right side was affected in 14 patients. Twelve cases had an associated ipsilateral elbow injury. According to the Chambers classification, 15 cases belonged to group A, while in the Steele-Graham classification, 12 cases were in group I. Eleven patients were treated with immobilization only, 4 percutaneously, and 6 by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Eleven of them needed rehabilitation and despite this, 8 did not achieve full mobility. The mean time to obtain the greatest ROM was 4.71 months. Eight patients had complications, with the most common being neuroapraxia and valgus deformity of the elbow. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of paediatric radius head and neck fractures must be step-wise, from immobilization only, manual and/or percutaneous reduction, to ORIF, whichever is less indicated. In this respect, both the transcapital needle and/or removal the radius head should be avoided. The most common complication is lack of supination, especially in cases treated by ORIF. The posterior interosseous neuroapraxia was the most common of the rest of complications.

[Bone mineral density in a population with severe infantile cerebral palsy]. / Densidad mineral ósea en la población con afectación severa por parálisis cerebral infantil.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the bone mineral density (BMD) values in children and adolescents with moderate and severe infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) in our catchment area, and compare these values with a healthy population. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A prognostic study of cases and controls for the assessment of BMD in patients from 2 to 18 years old with infantile cerebral palsy belonging to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Groups IV and V. The BMD measurements were performed at distal femur level, dividing this region into 3 areas following the forearm protocol. RESULTS: The BMD for each of the three areas studied results in the final sample of 69 patients were much lower than the reference levels. There was a statistically significant difference (P<.05) between the BMD values in the two sub-groups studied. DISCUSSION: The greater the involvement, from a neurological point of view, in patients classified as Group V shows a very low BMD compared to patients of similar sex and age. The acquisition of bone capital in patients with ICP does not follow the normal pattern of the healthy population.

Cutaneous sarcoid granulomas with oat cell carcinoma of the lung.

A case of a 68-year-old male is presented, with a history of asymptomatic slight scaling, infiltrated patches with an atrophic central portion, of 3 months of evolution on the face and trunk. A chest X-ray showed an oat cell lung carcinoma, with the same evolution time as the cutaneous lesions. Several cutaneous biopsies showed typical sarcoid granulomas, with profuse giant cells. An immunohistochemical study showed B-cell-positive granulomas. The patient was treated with cytostatic drugs and prednisone, leading to cutaneous, radiological and clinical complete regression of the lesions. We think that this case corresponds to a tumor-related cutaneous sarcoid granuloma reaction.

[Palmoplantar keratoderma of the variant type. Study of 3 families]. / Queratodermia palmoplantar tipo varians. Estudio de tres familias.

We have studied 7 patients that belong to three families diagnosed of varians type palmoplantar keratoderma. This type is characterized by the variety of its clinical manifestations, both personal and familial, as also by the great influence of external factors on its evolution. We point out the stable evolution of the disorder and its resistance to general and topical treatment.

[Voerner-type palmoplantar keratoderma. Treatment with etretinate]. / Queratodermia palmoplantar tipo Voerner. Tratamiento con etretinato.

A case of palmoplantar keratoderma with epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (type Voerner) is reported. We review bibliography and the nosologic, clinic histological and therapeutic aspects are discussed.