Initial experience with thulium fiber laser for prostate enucleation: Analysis of the intraoperative and short-term outcomes in a prospective, multicenter cohort.

INTRODUCTION: Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate has rapidly become the gold standard for the surgical treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia, although thulium fiber laser (TFL) has also been postulated as an effective and safe alternative for prostate enucleation. The aim of this study is to describe our initial experience with the TFL for endoscopic enucleation of the prostate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All patients proposed to TFL prostate enucleation were included in the analysis, regardless their prostate volume, catheter status and severity of symptoms, in 3 centers. Preoperative characteristics, intraoperative times and functional 3-months follow-up variables were collected, along with complications. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients were available, with a mean age of 68.7 years. Enucleation and morcellation efficiencies were 2.04 and 7.47 g/min, respectively. Median hospital stay was one day. Comparable functional data, pre and 3-month post-surgery was: mean prostate volume 88.9 vs 21.3 g, maximum urinary flow 13.2 vs 27.3 ml/s, post-void residual volume 149 vs 7.8 ml, prostatic specific antigen level 11.2 vs 1 ng/ml, and International Prostate Symptom Score 20.75 vs 3.96. Fourteen out of 56 (25%) patients presented with complications grade ≤2, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. DISCUSSION: With wider evidence for other urological indications, very recent evidence about the suitability of TFL for prostate enucleation has arisen, since the first case described in 2021. Our results seem to back up these previous successful experiences as long as we obtained good intraoperative and short term follow-up functional results. However, there is still a need of longer follow-up data. CONCLUSIONS: TFL represents a novel technology for prostate enucleation, with a good intraoperative and short follow-up functional results, and a safety profile similar to the observed for those techniques that have been wider used for this indication. Further studies with longer follow-up periods and comparative with these other techniques are necessary.

Resultados preliminares de un trabajo multicéntrico a nivel nacional para el tratamiento de STUI secundario a hiperplasia benigna de próstata mediante el sistema con vapor de agua Rezum / Preliminary results of a national multicenter study on the treatment of LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia using the Rezum steam system

Introducción y objetivo El sistema Rezūm® t/o es una técnica mínimamente invasiva que emplea la inyección intraprostática transuretral de vapor de agua para la ablación del tejido prostático. El objetivo del estudio es reflejar los resultados funcionales a corto plazo y de seguridad obtenidos aplicando la técnica en la práctica clínica real. Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo realizado en 5 hospitales españoles para el tratamiento de STUI secundario a HBP mediante el sistema Rezūm®. Se incluyeron pacientes con lóbulo medio prostático (LM) y portadores de sonda vesical (SV). La valoración pre- y postoperatoria se realizó con los cuestionarios IPSS, IIEF-5 y QoL, los resultados flujométricos y el residuo posmiccional. Se registraron las complicaciones acontecidas, así como la tasa de retratamientos al año de seguimiento. Resultados Un total de 137 pacientes fueron incluidos, presentando 64 pacientes LM y 10 pacientes SV. La media de volumen prostático fue de 50cm3 (15-131). A los 3 meses de seguimiento se objetivó una mejoría estadísticamente significativa tanto del IPSS (−6,37 puntos) como del Qmax (+4,95mL/s) y el QoL (−1,29) que se mantuvo hasta los 12 meses: −10,78 puntos, +4,62mL/s y −2,73 (p<0,001), respectivamente. No se objetivaron cambios significativos en la esfera sexual. Todas las complicaciones fueron de carácter leve (≤ClavienII). La tasa de retratamiento al año fue del 4,3%. Conclusión Los resultados a corto plazo de esta técnica son prometedores, mostrando mejoría en los resultados funcionales, sin repercusión en la esfera sexual y asumiendo complicaciones de carácter leve y corta duración. Sin embargo, son necesarios seguimientos más prolongados para establecer su durabilidad y realizar comparaciones directas con otros tratamientos (AU)

Introduction and objective Rezūm® system is a minimally invasive transurethral therapy that uses convective water vapor energy to ablate prostatic tissue. The objective is to report 1-year functional and security outcomes obtained by using this technique in real clinical practice. Material and methods Prospective study conducted in 5 Spanish hospitals for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH using the Rezūm® system. Patients with prostatic medium lobe (ML) and urethral catheter carriers were also included. Pre- and post-operative data were collected using IPSS, IIEF-5 and QoL questionnaires, flowmetry and post-void residual volume. Complications and retreatment rate at one-year follow-up were also reported. Results 137 patients, including 64 with ML and 10 patients with urinary retention were treated. Median prostate volume was 50cm3 (15-131). At 3 months follow-up, significant improvement was observed in IPSS (−6,37 points), Qmax (+4,95mL/s) and QoL (−1,29); and was maintained until 12 months: −10,78 points,+4,62mL/s and −2,73 respectively (p<0.001). No significant changes were observed in the sexual sphere. All complications were mild (≤Clavien II). Retreatment rate at one year was 4%. Conclusion Short-term results of this technique are promising, showing improvement in terms of functional outcomes, with no impact on the sexual sphere or complications. Longer term follow-up should include treatment durability and comparison to standard BPH treatments (AU)

Preliminary results of a national multicenter study on the treatment of LUTS secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia using the Rezum® steam system.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Rezum® system is a minimally invasive transurethral therapy that uses convective water vapor energy to ablate prostatic tissue. The objective is to report 1-year functional and security outcomes obtained by using this technique in real clinical practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective study conducted in 5 Spanish hospitals for the treatment of LUTS secondary to BPH using the Rezum® system. Patients with prostatic medium lobe (ML) and urethral catheter carriers were also included. Pre- and post-operative data were collected using IPSS, IIEF-5 and QoL questionnaires, flowmetry and post-void residual volume. Complications and retreatment rate at one-year follow-up were also reported. RESULTS: 137 patients, including 64 with ML and 10 patients with urinary retention were treated. Median prostate volume was 50 cm3 (15-131). At 3 months follow-up, significant improvement was observed in IPSS (-6.37 points), Qmax (+4.95 mL/s) and QoL (-1.29); and was maintained until 12 months: -10.78 points, +4.62 mL/s and -2.73 respectively (p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the sexual sphere. All complications were mild (≤ Clavien II). Retreatment rate at one year was 4%. CONCLUSION: Short-term results of this technique are promising, showing improvement in terms of functional outcomes, with no impact on the sexual sphere or complications. Longer term follow-up should include treatment durability and comparison to standard BPH treatments.

My Little Smart Personal Assistant: A Co-Designed Solution to Ensure an Optimized Ageing-Well at Home in Rural European Settings.

My Little Smart Personal Assistant is a co-designed remote connected device with an interactive vocal assistant that provides a panel of social/medical services for the rural European elderly population. The aim is to create a new patient-centered solution to improve quality of life, self-autonomy, and integration within local community. This should improve aging-well at home in rural settings.

Infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en pacientes ingresados en un servicio de Urología: patrones de resistencia y adecuación del tratamiento antibiótico empírico como factor pronóstico / Infections related to healthcare in patients hospitalized in a Urology service: Resistance patterns and adequacy of empirical antibiotic treatment as a prognostic factor

Objetivos: Evaluar la idoneidad de la antibioterapia empírica en IRAS y los patrones de resistencia a antibióticos de los microorganismos responsables, así como la incidencia de mortalidad y factores de riesgo en relación con IRAS. Método: Durante un periodo de 4 años se realiza un estudio prospectivo observacional sobre todos los pacientes de ambos sexos y mayores de 16 años ingresados por cualquier proceso urológico. Se evalúan la incidencia y las características de las IRAS y se analiza el microorganismo causante y sus resistencias, la antibioterapia empírica inicial y si esta precisó modificación, y las tasas de mortalidad. Resultados: De un total de 6.546 pacientes, el 6,3% sufrieron IRAS, correspondiendo el 70,5% a infección del tracto urinario y el 22,1% a infección de la herida quirúrgica. E. coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. y P. aeruginosa fueron los más frecuentemente implicados (25,1, 17,5, 13,5 y 12,3%, respectivamente). E. coli y Klebsiella spp. fueron productoras de betalactamasas de espectro extendido (BLEE) en el 24,7 y el 47,8%, respectivamente. El 4,3% de Klebsiella y el 33,3% de Pseudomonas eran resistentes a carbapenemes. La resistencia global a quinolonas fue del 50% aproximadamente. Los antibióticos más frecuentemente usados de forma empírica fueron cefalosporinas de tercera y cuarta generación (33,6%) y carbapenemes (28,2%). Se obtuvo una tasa global de adecuación de antibioterapia empírica del 82,9%. La tasa de mortalidad en los pacientes con IRAS fue del 2,2%, frente al 0,3% en los pacientes sin infección. En un análisis multivariable, las variables que se asociaron a mayor riesgo de mortalidad fueron el aislamiento de enterobacterias productoras de BLEE y el tratamiento antibiótico empírico inadecuado. Conclusiones: La selección de la antibioterapia empírica fue bastante precisa. Se está observando un aumento de IRAS por microorganismos multirresistentes, como enterobacterias BLEE o P.aeruginosa multirresistentes. El riesgo de mortalidad aumenta con una antibioterapia empírica inicial inadecuada o cuando el microorganismo responsable es una enterobacteria BLEE

Objectives: To evaluate the suitability of empirical antibiotic therapy in HAIs and the antibiotic resistance patterns of the responsible microorganisms, as well as the incidence of mortality and risk factors involved. Method: A prospective observational study was carried out on patients of both sexes older than 16 years, admitted by any urological process during a period of 4 years. The incidence and characteristics of HAIs, as well as the causative organism and its resistance, the initial empirical antibiotic therapy and its modification, if required, and mortality rates are analyzed. Results: Out of 6546 patients, 6.3% suffered HAIs, 70.5% corresponding to urinary tract infection and 22.1% to infection of the surgical wound. E.coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. y P. aeruginosa were the most frequently implicated (25.1%, 17.5%, 13.5% and 12.3%, respectively). E. coli and Klebsiella spp. were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in 24.7% and 47.8%, respectively. 4.3% of Klebsiella and 33.3% of Pseudomonas were carbapenems-resistant. The overall resistance to quinolones was approximately 50%. The most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapy were cephalosporins of 3rd and 4th generation (33.6%) and carbapenems (28.2%). An overall rate of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy of 82.9% was obtained. The mortality rate in patients with HAIs was 2.2%, compared with 0.3% in patients without infection. In a multivariate analysis, the variables associated with the highest mortality risk were the isolation of ESBL-producing enterobacteria and the inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment. Conclusions: The selection of empirical antibiotic therapy was quite accurate. An increase in HAIs by multiresistant microorganisms, such as ESBL Enterobacteria or multiresistant P.aeruginosa is being observed. The mortality risk increases with inadequate initial empirical antibiotic therapy or when the responsible microorganism is an ESBL enterobacteria

Infections related to healthcare in patients hospitalized in a Urology service: resistance patterns and adequacy of empirical antibiotic treatment as a prognostic factor. / Infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria en pacientes ingresados en un servicio de Urología: patrones de resistencia y adecuación del tratamiento antibiótico empírico como factor pronóstico.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the suitability of empirical antibiotic therapy in HAIs and the antibiotic resistance patterns of the responsible microorganisms, as well as the incidence of mortality and risk factors involved. METHOD: A prospective observational study was carried out on patients of both sexes older than 16years, admitted by any urological process during a period of 4years. The incidence and characteristics of HAIs, as well as the causative organism and its resistance, the initial empirical antibiotic therapy and its modification, if required, and mortality rates are analysed. RESULTS: Out of 6,546 patients, 6.3% suffered HAIs, 70.5% corresponding to urinary tract infection and 22.1% to infection of the surgical wound. E.coli, Enterococcus spp., Klebsiella spp. y P.aeruginosa were the most frequently implicated (25.1%, 17.5%, 13.5% and 12.3%, respectively). E.coli and Klebsiella spp. were producers of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in 24.7% and 47.8%, respectively. 4.3% of Klebsiella and 33.3% of Pseudomonas were carbapenems-resistant. The overall resistance to quinolones was approximately 50%. The most commonly used antibiotics for empirical therapy were cephalosporins of 3rd and 4th generation (33.6%) and carbapenems (28.2%). An overall rate of adequacy of empirical antibiotic therapy of 82.9% was obtained. The mortality rate in patients with HAIs was 2.2%, compared with 0.3% in patients without infection. In a multivariate analysis, the variables associated with the highest mortality risk were the isolation of ESBL-producing enterobacteria and the inadequate empirical antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The selection of empirical antibiotic therapy was quite accurate. An increase in HAIs by multiresistant microorganisms, such as ESBL Enterobacteria or multiresistant P.aeruginosa is being observed. The mortality risk increases with inadequate initial empirical antibiotic therapy or when the responsible microorganism is an ESBL enterobacteria.

Infecciones por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas en un servicio de urología. Un nuevo desafío / Infections by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a department of urology. A new challenge

Objetivos: Analizar las infecciones por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) y describir características y posibles factores de riesgo asociados con los pacientes de un servicio de urología. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional y retrospectivo. El criterio de inclusión fue haber estado ingresado en nuestro servicio de urología entre agosto de 2013 y diciembre de 2016. Se analizaron aquellos que presentaron positividad para EPC en al menos un cultivo. Se revisaron características basales y factores de riesgo. Asimismo se revisaron variables como presencia de infecciones urinarias previas, reingresos posteriores, el microorganismo, tipo de EPC, tratamiento administrado, un origen hospitalario o comunitario y la mortalidad. Resultados: De los 5.657 pacientes que cumplían criterio de inclusión, en 12 casos se aisló una EPC. Las infecciones por EPC representaron un 3,6% del total de infecciones relacionadas con la asistencia sanitaria y un 9,7% de las producidas por enterobacterias. Los factores analizados asociados a infección por EPC en nuestra serie son: presencia de catéteres urinarios (100%), haber sido sometido a tratamiento quirúrgico (58,3%), ingreso previo en UCI (8,3%) e inmunosupresión (16,6%). Con relación a la mortalidad, un 8,3% de los pacientes que presentaron infección por EPC fallecieron durante el ingreso. Conclusiones: Aproximadamente un 10% de las enterobacterias presenta patrón de resistencia a carbapenemasas en el paciente urológico de nuestro medio. Ser portador de catéter urinario y/o someterse a una cirugía son factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de estas infecciones en el paciente urológico de nuestro medio. La infección por una EPC eleva la morbimortalidad

Objectives: To analyse infections by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and describe the characteristics and potential risk factors associated with patients of a department of urology. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective study. The inclusion criterion was hospitalisation in our department of Urology between August 2013 and December 2016. We analysed those patients who were positive for CPE in at least 1 culture. We reviewed their baseline characteristics, risk factors and variables such as the presence of previous urinary tract infections, subsequent readmissions, the microorganism, type of CPE, treatment, origin (hospital or community) and mortality. Results: Of the 5,657 patients who met the inclusion criterion, a CPE was isolated in 12 cases. CPE infections represented 3.6% of all healthcare-associated infections and 9.7% of those caused by enterobacteria. The analysed factors associated with CPE infection in our series were the presence of urinary catheters (100%), undergoing surgery (58.3%), previous ICU admission (8.3%) and immunosuppression (16.6%). In terms of mortality, 8.3% of the patients who presented CPE infection died during hospitalisation. Conclusions: Approximately 10% of enterobacteria present a carbapenemase-resistance pattern in urological patients in our setting. Carrying a urinary catheter and/or undergoing surgery are risk factors associated with the development of these infections in urological patients in our setting. CPE infections increase morbidity and mortality

Infections by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae in a department of urology. A new challenge. / Infecciones por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas en un servicio de urología. Un nuevo desafío.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse infections by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and describe the characteristics and potential risk factors associated with patients of a department of urology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational and retrospective study. The inclusion criterion was hospitalisation in our department of Urology between August 2013 and December 2016. We analysed those patients who were positive for CPE in at least 1 culture. We reviewed their baseline characteristics, risk factors and variables such as the presence of previous urinary tract infections, subsequent readmissions, the microorganism, type of CPE, treatment, origin (hospital or community) and mortality. RESULTS: Of the 5,657 patients who met the inclusion criterion, a CPE was isolated in 12 cases. CPE infections represented 3.6% of all healthcare-associated infections and 9.7% of those caused by enterobacteria. The analysed factors associated with CPE infection in our series were the presence of urinary catheters (100%), undergoing surgery (58.3%), previous ICU admission (8.3%) and immunosuppression (16.6%). In terms of mortality, 8.3% of the patients who presented CPE infection died during hospitalisation. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 10% of enterobacteria present a carbapenemase-resistance pattern in urological patients in our setting. Carrying a urinary catheter and/or undergoing surgery are risk factors associated with the development of these infections in urological patients in our setting. CPE infections increase morbidity and mortality.

Tratamiento adyuvante intravesical en cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo: importancia de la cepa y el mantenimiento / Adjuvant intravesical treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: The importance of the strain and maintenance

Introducción y objetivo: El bacilo de Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravesical es clave en la prevención de recurrencia y progresión de tumor vesical superficial. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es evaluar comparativamente la eficacia y toxicidad entre Connaught y Tice, así como la importancia del esquema de mantenimiento. Material y métodos: Revisamos retrospectivamente a 110 pacientes con tumor vesical superficial con tratamiento endovesical adyuvante, distribuidos en 3 grupos, según el tratamiento fuese con Connaught, Tice, o ambos secuencialmente. Se ha calculado la supervivencia libre de recidiva en cada grupo y también de los pacientes que completaron el mantenimiento frente a los que no lo hicieron. Para identificar factores predictores de recidiva se llevó a cabo un análisis multivariante. Además, se ha valorado la toxicidad analizando la aparición de becegeítis, urgencia miccional, fiebre, infección urinaria y abandono del tratamiento por los efectos secundarios. Resultados: No hallamos diferencias en los parámetros de eficacia. Los pacientes del grupo Connaught completaron en menor medida el mantenimiento (38,4 frente a 72% del grupo Tice y frente a 76,3% del grupo ambas; p = 0,010). Los pacientes que completaron el mantenimiento tuvieron mejor supervivencia libre de recidiva a 60 meses (88,5 vs. 74,2%; p = 0,036), independientemente de la cepa empleada. El análisis multivariante identificó como factores de riesgo de recidiva el tamaño mayor de 3 cm, más de 3 implantes y no completar el mantenimiento. Los pacientes de Connaught experimentan mayor tasa de becegeítis, sin diferencias en el resto de los eventos estudiados. Conclusión: Completar la fase de mantenimiento es esencial, independientemente de la cepa empleada. Connaught tiene más riesgo de becegeítis y un esquema secuencial puede ser útil en ciertos escenarios

Background and objective: Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is essential for preventing the recurrence and progression of superficial bladder tumours. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of the Connaught and Tice strains, as well as the importance of the maintenance regimen. Material and methods: We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients with superficial bladder tumours who underwent adjuvant endovesical treatment. The patients were distributed into 3 groups, based on whether the treatment was with the Connaught strain, the Tice strain or both sequentially. We calculated the relapse-free survival rate in each group and compared the patients who completed the maintenance treatments against those who did not. To identify the predictors of relapse, we performed a multivariate analysis. We also assessed the toxicity by analysing the onset of BCGitis, urinary urgency, fever, urinary tract infection and treatment withdrawing due to adverse effects. Results: We found no differences in the efficacy parameters. The patients in the Connaught group completed the maintenance to a lesser extent (38.4 vs. 72% for the Tice group and 76.3% for both groups; P=.010). The patients who completed the maintenance had better relapse-free survival at 60 months (88.5 vs. 74.2%; P=.036), regardless of the strain employed. The multivariate analysis identified a size larger than 3 cm, more than 3 implants and not completing the maintenance as risk factors of relapse. The patients with the Connaught strain had higher rates of BCGitis, with no differences in the other events studied. Conclusion: Completing the maintenance phase is essential, regardless of the strain employed. The Connaught strain has a greater risk of BCGitis, and a sequential regimen could be useful in certain scenarios

Adjuvant intravesical treatment for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: The importance of the strain and maintenance. / Tratamiento adyuvante intravesical en cáncer de vejiga no músculo invasivo: importancia de la cepa y el mantenimiento.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is essential for preventing the recurrence and progression of superficial bladder tumours. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of the Connaught and Tice strains, as well as the importance of the maintenance regimen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 110 patients with superficial bladder tumours who underwent adjuvant endovesical treatment. The patients were distributed into 3 groups, based on whether the treatment was with the Connaught strain, the Tice strain or both sequentially. We calculated the relapse-free survival rate in each group and compared the patients who completed the maintenance treatments against those who did not. To identify the predictors of relapse, we performed a multivariate analysis. We also assessed the toxicity by analysing the onset of BCGitis, urinary urgency, fever, urinary tract infection and treatment withdrawing due to adverse effects. RESULTS: We found no differences in the efficacy parameters. The patients in the Connaught group completed the maintenance to a lesser extent (38.4 vs. 72% for the Tice group and 76.3% for both groups; P=.010). The patients who completed the maintenance had better relapse-free survival at 60 months (88.5 vs. 74.2%; P=.036), regardless of the strain employed. The multivariate analysis identified a size larger than 3cm, more than 3 implants and not completing the maintenance as risk factors of relapse. The patients with the Connaught strain had higher rates of BCGitis, with no differences in the other events studied. CONCLUSION: Completing the maintenance phase is essential, regardless of the strain employed. The Connaught strain has a greater risk of BCGitis, and a sequential regimen could be useful in certain scenarios.

Infección de herida quirúrgica en urología. Análisis de factores de riesgo y microorganismos asociados / Surgical wound infection in urology. Analysis of risk factors and associated microorganisms

Objetivos. La cirugía abierta sigue teniendo un papel fundamental en urología, y la infección de la herida quirúrgica es una de sus principales complicaciones. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la infección de la herida quirúrgica en pacientes intervenidos por nuestro servicio de urología y valorar factores de riesgo, microorganismos y resistencias por tipo de cirugía. Material y métodos. Estudio prospectivo y observacional. Incluyó 940 pacientes: 370 cirugías abdominal/lumbar abierta y 570 genitoperineales. Analizamos edad, sexo, comorbilidades, estancia y tipo de cirugía, así como microorganismos causantes y resistencias a antibióticos. Resultados. En cirugía genitoperineal hallamos 15 casos (2,6%) de infección de la herida quirúrgica, asociándose a cateterismo urinario previo. La mayoría de los microorganismos aislados corresponden a enterobacterias, destacando las resistencias a betalactámicos. En cirugía abdominal/lumbar encontramos 41 casos (11,1%) de infección de la herida quirúrgica. La incidencia fue del 3,3% en cirugía prostática, del 9,8% en cirugía renal y del 45,0% en cistectomía. Padecer cardiopatía se asoció a mayor incidencia de infección de la herida quirúrgica. Los microorganismos más frecuentes fueron Enterococcus spp. (27,1%), E.coli (22,9%) y Staphylococcus aureus (14,6%). Enterococcus es resistente a ampicilina en el 37,5% y E.coli productor de betalactamasas, en el 41,7%. Conclusiones. Encontramos escasa incidencia de infección de la herida quirúrgica en cirugía genitoperineal, comparada con la renal y cistectomía. La presencia de cardiopatía y portar catéter urinario previo son factores asociados a infección de la herida quirúrgica. Enterococcus y E.coli son los patógenos más frecuentes, con altas tasas de resistencia (AU)

Objectives. Open surgery continues to have a fundamental role in urology, and one of its main complications is surgical wound infection. Our objective was to analyse surgical wound infection in patients who underwent surgery in our Department of Urology and to assess the risk factors, microorganisms and resistances by type of surgery. Material and methods. This was a prospective observational study that included 940 patients: 370 abdominal/open lumbar surgeries and 570 genitoperineal surgeries. We analysed age, sex, comorbidities, stay and type of surgery, as well as the causal microorganisms and antibiotic resistances. Results. For genitoperineal surgery, we found 15 cases (2.6%) of surgical wound infection associated with previous urinary catheterisation. Most of the isolated microorganisms corresponded to enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the resistance to beta-lactam. In abdominal/lumbar surgery, we found 41 cases (11.1%) of surgical wound infection. The incidence rate was 3.3% in prostate surgery; 9.8% in renal surgery; and 45.0% in cystectomy. Heart disease was associated with a higher incidence rate of surgical wound infection. The most common microorganisms were Enterococcus spp. (27.1%), E.coli (22.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.6%). Enterococcus and beta-lactamase-producing E.coli are resistant to ampicillin in 37.5% and 41.7% of cases, respectively. Conclusions. We found a low incidence rate of surgical wound infection in genitoperineal surgery, compared with renal surgery and cystectomy. The presence of heart disease and carrying a previous urinary catheter are factors associated with surgical wound infection. Enterococcus and E.coli are the most common pathogens, with high rates of resistance (AU)

Surgical wound infection in urology. Analysis of risk factors and associated microorganisms. / Infección de herida quirúrgica en urología. Análisis de factores de riesgo y microorganismos asociados.

OBJECTIVES: Open surgery continues to have a fundamental role in urology, and one of its main complications is surgical wound infection. Our objective was to analyse surgical wound infection in patients who underwent surgery in our Department of Urology and to assess the risk factors, microorganisms and resistances by type of surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a prospective observational study that included 940 patients: 370 abdominal/open lumbar surgeries and 570 genitoperineal surgeries. We analysed age, sex, comorbidities, stay and type of surgery, as well as the causal microorganisms and antibiotic resistances. RESULTS: For genitoperineal surgery, we found 15 cases (2.6%) of surgical wound infection associated with previous urinary catheterisation. Most of the isolated microorganisms corresponded to enterobacteriaceae, highlighting the resistance to beta-lactam. In abdominal/lumbar surgery, we found 41 cases (11.1%) of surgical wound infection. The incidence rate was 3.3% in prostate surgery; 9.8% in renal surgery; and 45.0% in cystectomy. Heart disease was associated with a higher incidence rate of surgical wound infection. The most common microorganisms were Enterococcus spp. (27.1%), E.coli (22.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (14.6%). Enterococcus and beta-lactamase-producing E.coli are resistant to ampicillin in 37.5% and 41.7% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We found a low incidence rate of surgical wound infection in genitoperineal surgery, compared with renal surgery and cystectomy. The presence of heart disease and carrying a previous urinary catheter are factors associated with surgical wound infection. Enterococcus and E.coli are the most common pathogens, with high rates of resistance.

Corpus callosum infarcts with atypical clinical and radiologic presentations.

Infarcts of the corpus callosum have not been well documented in the radiologic literature. We present five cases that were unusual in either their clinical or radiologic presentation or both. Biopsies were performed in three of the five cases, and in time, all lesions evolved in a pattern consistent with infarct. Recognition of the varied clinical and radiologic presentation of infarcts of the corpus callosum will obviate the need for biopsy in most patients.

Sonographically guided placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters: review of 355 procedures.

OBJECTIVE: This paper reviews our experience using sonographic guidance in the insertion of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three hundred fifty-five PICCs were placed in 262 patients, 19-92 years old, over a 24-month period using sonographic guidance for the initial venous cannulation. RESULTS: The average number of punctures was 1.2, with an average procedure time of 21 min. Our overall success rate to achieve the initial venous access was 99%. I.v. contrast material was used in only 2% of the cases, after successful initial venous access with sonographic guidance alone, to allow demonstration of anatomic variations or lesions that interfered with the completion of the procedure. Two immediate minor complications occurred. A high margin of safety was provided by avoiding the use of iodinated contrast medium and by visualizing the artery and its anatomic relation to the vein before and during needle placement. CONCLUSION: Sonographic guidance yielded superior three-dimensional localization of the selected vein and its precise anatomic relationship to the artery. Our experience has led us to conclude that sonographically guided placement of PICCs is a fast, safe, efficient, and inexpensive technique and should be the preferred method for PICC placement, especially in patients with no clinically identifiable peripheral vein.

Sleep and host defenses: a review.

Although the specific functions of sleep are not known, an increasing body of literature has suggested that sleep is important for the proper functioning of host defense systems. Sleep loss is associated with changes in some parameters of host defense, whereas pathogenic challenge leads to alterations in sleep patterns, probably mediated by activation of host defense systems. However, whether sleep-host defense relationships represent physiologically important regulatory interactions vs. nonspecific cross-reactivity between the two systems remains an open question. In either case, it is unlikely that sleep or sleep loss have global effects on host defenses or vice versa. Further work is needed to understand the role of sleep in health and disease.