Exposure to Ozone Downregulates Bcl-2 and Increases Executing Caspases-3 and -8 in the Hippocampus, Frontal Cortex, and Cerebellum of Rats.

Introduction Ozone (O3) is one of the most prevalent atmospheric pollutants, arising from a photochemical reaction between volatile organic compounds (VOC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sunlight. O3 triggers oxidative stress, resulting in lipid oxidation, inflammation, alterations in metabolic and cellular signaling, and potentially initiating cell death in vulnerable brain regions. Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized for their ability to induce cell death, primarily through the apoptosis pathway, involving various proteins that participate in this process via two pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic. Objective This study aims to identify the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and Bcl-2 in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus of rats exposed to O3 acutely. Methods Two groups of 20 Wistar rodents (250-300 g) were established. The control group (n=10) was exposed to unrestricted polluted air for 12 hours, while the experimental group (n=10) was exposed to 1 ppm of O3. After exposure, the animals were sacrificed for immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Using a t-test, the arbitrary units of pro-apoptotic proteins and Bcl-2 were compared between the two groups. Results Significant increases in caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation were found in the O3-exposed group compared to the control group, specifically in the frontal cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. Additionally, notable changes in Bcl-2 expression were observed in these brain regions. The TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assay further indicated significant differences in immunopositivity between the groups in the same areas. However, intrinsic apoptotic proteins such as Bax, VDAC1, and cytochrome-c did not show significant differences between the groups within these structures. Western blot analyses aligned with the immunofluorescence results, showing statistically significant concentrations of caspase-8 in the cerebellum, caspase-3 in the hippocampus, and Bcl-2 in the frontal cortex in the O3 exposed group. Conversely, proteins like Bax, cytochrome-c, and VDAC1 did not exhibit significant differences in all analyzed structures. Conclusions This study demonstrates that acute exposure to 1 ppm of ozone can trigger neuronal apoptosis in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of rats, primarily through the activation of the extrinsic apoptosis pathway via caspase-8 and caspase-3. Additionally, it causes a reduction in Bcl-2 expression, an essential antiapoptotic protein. Despite not observing the activation of intrinsic pathway proteins like BAX, VDAC, or cytochrome-c, the study suggests that chronic O3 exposure might promote cell death by activating this pathway, requiring further long-term research.

Sobre el currículo oculto: del buen médico, la jerarquía y el maltrato

Objetivo: Describir las interacciones de algunos estudiantes de dos programas de Medicina en Colombia relacionadas con el currículo oculto. Metodología: Estudio hermenéutico, que utilizó la etnografía y la teoría fundamentada, mediante la aplicación de observación participante en cinco escenarios de práctica y once entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de los datos se hizo con codificación abierta, axial y selectiva, propias de la teoría fundamentada, lo que generó una matriz del paradigma. Resultados: Estudiar Medicina implica hacer parte de una jerarquía desde inspiradora hasta excesiva. La exigencia de la educación médica por formar un médico incansable e intachable, la competencia para ser admitido a cada rango y el miedo a equivocarse exacerban el funcionamiento negativo de la jerarquía médica. Esta jerarquía se basa en el poder del conocimiento que permite el maltrato. Lo anterior desencadena agotamiento, frustración, desinterés y afecta la ética profesional, aspectos que estropean al médico en formación. Conclusión: El currículo oculto determina la formación del médico más que el currículo formal. Reconocer y reflexionar sobre el currículo oculto desde la comunidad académica permite visibilizar, en futuras reformas curriculares, el papel que este desempeña.

Objective: To describe the interactions of some students from two Medicine programs in Colombia related to the hidden curriculum. Methodology: Hermeneutic study, which used ethnography and grounded theory, through the application of participant observation in five practice scenarios and eleven in-depth interviews. The data analysis was done with open, axial and selective coding, typical of the grounded theory, which generated a matrix of the paradigm. Results: Studying Medicine implies being part of a hierarchy from inspiring to excessive. The demand of medical education to train a tireless and blameless doctor, the competition to be admitted to each rank and the fear of making mistakes exacerbate the negative functioning of the medical hierarchy. This hierarchy is based on the power of knowledge that allows abuse. The above triggers exhaustion, frustration, lack of interest and affects professional ethics, aspects that spoil the doctor in training. Conclusion: The hidden curriculum determines the doctor's training more than the formal curriculum. Recognizing and reflecting on the hidden curriculum from the academic community makes visible, in future curricular reforms, the role it plays.

Objetivo: Descrever as interações de alguns alunos de dois cursos de Medicina da Colômbia em relação ao currículo oculto. Metodologia: Estudo hermenêutico, que utilizou etnografia e teoria fundamentada, por meio da aplicação da observação participante em cinco cenários de prática e onze entrevistas em profundidade. A análise dos dados foi feita com codificação aberta, axial e seletiva, típica da teoria fundamentada, que gerou uma matriz do paradigma. Resultados: Estudar Medicina implica fazer parte de uma hierarquia que vai do inspirador ao excessivo. A exigência da formação médica para formar um médico incansável e irrepreensível, a competição para ser admitido em cada posto e o medo de errar exacerbam o funcionamento negativo da hierarquia médica. Essa hierarquia é baseada no poder do conhecimento que permite o abuso. O exposto acima desencadeia esgotamento, frustração, desinteresse e afeta a ética profissional, aspectos que prejudicam o médico em formação. Conclusão: O currículo oculto determina mais a formação do médico do que o currículo formal. Reconhecer e refletir sobre o currículo oculto da comunidade acadêmica torna visível, em futuras reformas curriculares, o papel que ele desempenha.

Infection due to Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae complex in a patient with diabetes mellitus / Infección por Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus oryzae complex en paciente con diabetes mellitus

Fungal sinusitis is a pathology that can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and be associated with a hyperglycemic crisis. It is an aggressive entity with local complications that include involvement of the orbit or the central nervous system, and vascular involvement. Despite surgical and antifungal treatment, mortality raises up to 75%. We report the case of a female patient with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and signs of unilateral ophthalmoplegia, which led to the study with magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, finding signs of sinusitis, meningitis, and cerebritis. Initial microbiological studies were negative, and biomarkers such as serum galactomannan and Cryptococcus antigen were also negative. After surgical management and the identification of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus spp. in sinus tissue, the patient received treatment with posaconazole and after two months of follow-up she presented clinical improvement. Dual fungal infection and infection by A. flavus are uncommon and clinically relevant entities, with no cases previously reported in our country, therefore this corresponds to a case of clinical interest.

La sinusitis micótica es una condición patológica que puede presentarse en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y estar asociada a una crisis hiperglucémica. Es una entidad agresiva con complicaciones locales que incluyen afectación de la órbita y el sistema nervioso central, y compromiso vascular. A pesar del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicótico, la mortalidad es de hasta el 75 %. Se describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética y signos de oftalmoplejía unilateral que llevaron al estudio con resonancia magnética del sistema nervioso central; se encontraron signos de sinusitis, meningitis y cerebritis. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos, y los biomarcadores galactomanano sérico y el antígeno de Cryptococcus también fueron negativos. Tras el manejo quirúrgico, se llegó a la identificación de Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus spp. en el tejido de los senos paranasales. La paciente recibió tratamiento con posaconazol y, tras dos meses de seguimiento, había presentado mejoría clínica. La infección fúngica dual y la infección por A. flavus son entidades poco frecuentes y de relevancia clínica, sin casos presentados previamente en nuestro país por lo que este corresponde a un caso de interés clínico.

Infección por Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus oryzae complex en paciente con diabetes mellitus / Infection due to Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae complex in a patient with diabetes mellitus

La sinusitis micótica es una condición patológica que puede presentarse en pacientes con diabetes mellitus y estar asociada a una crisis hiperglucémica. Es una entidad agresiva con complicaciones locales que incluyen afectación de la órbita y el sistema nervioso central, y compromiso vascular. A pesar del tratamiento quirúrgico y antimicótico, la mortalidad es de hasta el 75 %. Se describe el caso de una paciente con diagnóstico de cetoacidosis diabética y signos de oftalmoplejía unilateral que llevaron al estudio con resonancia magnética del sistema nervioso central; se encontraron signos de sinusitis, meningitis y cerebritis. Los estudios microbiológicos iniciales fueron negativos, y los biomarcadores galactomanano sérico y el antígeno de Cryptococcus también fueron negativos. Tras el manejo quirúrgico, se llegó a la identificación de Aspergillus flavus y Rhizopus spp. en el tejido de los senos paranasales. La paciente recibió tratamiento con posaconazol y, tras dos meses de seguimiento, había presentado mejoría clínica. La infección fúngica dual y la infección por A. flavus son entidades poco frecuentes y de relevancia clínica, sin casos presentados previamente en nuestro país por lo que este corresponde a un caso de interés clínico.

Fungal sinusitis is a pathology that can occur in patients with diabetes mellitus and be associated with a hyperglycemic crisis. It is an aggressive entity with local complications that include involvement of the orbit or the central nervous system, and vascular involvement. Despite surgical and antifungal treatment, mortality raises up to 75%. We report the case of a female patient with a diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and signs of unilateral ophthalmoplegia, which led to the study with magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, finding signs of sinusitis, meningitis, and cerebritis. Initial microbiological studies were negative, and biomarkers such as serum galactomannan and Cryptococcus antigen were also negative. After surgical management and the identification of Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus spp. in sinus tissue, the patient received treatment with posaconazole and after two months of follow-up she presented clinical improvement. Dual fungal infection and infection by A. flavus are uncommon and clinically relevant entities, with no cases previously reported in our country, therefore this corresponds to a case of clinical interest.

A Molecular Approach of Caloric Restriction and Vitamins for Cancer Prevention.

Each year, cancer claims the lives of around 10.0 million people worldwide. Food components have been shown to alter numerous intracellular signaling events that frequently go awry during carcinogenesis. Many studies suggest that dietary behaviors involving the consumption of antioxidant-rich foods, as well as caloric restriction, may play an important role in cancer prevention. Gene expression patterns, such as genetic polymorphisms, can influence the response to food components by altering their specific action on targets, as well as absorption, metabolism, and distribution, among other things. This review discusses two significant cancer prevention techniques: a vitamin-rich diet and caloric restriction. It also discusses the possible molecular interactions between the two dietary strategies and the first clues of a probable synergy that would come from combining caloric restriction with antioxidant use. Caloric restriction diets have positive effects on life expectancy and enable avoidance of age-related illnesses. As a result, this manuscript is based on the degenerative nature of cancer and intends to shed light on the biochemical features of not just calorie restriction but also vitamins. Both are thought to have an effect on oxidative stress, autophagy, and signaling pathways involved in energy metabolism and mitochondrial functions.

[Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in institutions for the protection of children and adolescents in two departments in ColombiaMedidas de saúde pública em instituições de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos da Colômbia durante a pandemia de COVID-19]. / Medidas de salud pública en instituciones de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia en dos departamentos de Colombia durante la pandemia de COVID-19.

Objective: Analyze facilitating processes, obstacles, and effects of the implementation of non-pharmacological public health measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in child and adolescent protection centers in two departments (Antioquia and La Guajira) in Colombia during the period 2020-2021. Methods: Mixed methods study with a convergent parallel design in 13 residential child/adolescent protection facilities in Colombia (11 in Antioquia and two in La Guajira). A questionnaire was given to 145 children and adolescents, and 23 interviews were held with persons responsible for the implementation of measures in the national family welfare system. Results: The implemented non-pharmacological public health measures did not differ by department; the most complex to implement were physical distancing and restriction of family visits. Conclusions: In centers for the protection of children and adolescents in Antioquia and La Guajira, non-pharmacological public health measures helped mitigate the spread of the virus in environments considered at-risk.

Objetivo: Analisar os processos que facilitam e dificultam a implementação de medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública para a prevenção da COVID-19 em centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos (Antioquia e La Guajira) da Colômbia, e os efeitos de tal implementação, durante o período 2020-2021. Métodos: Estudo de métodos mistos com delineamento paralelo convergente em 13 internatos para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes na Colômbia (11 em Antioquia e 2 em La Guajira). Foi aplicado um questionário a 145 crianças e adolescentes, e foram realizadas 23 entrevistas com os responsáveis pela implementação das medidas do sistema nacional de bem-estar familiar. Resultados: As medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública implementadas não diferiram por departamento. As mais complexas de serem aplicadas foram o distanciamento físico e a restrição de visitas familiares. Conclusões: Nos centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes de Antioquia e La Guajira, medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública contribuíram para mitigar a propagação do vírus em ambientes considerados de risco.

Medidas de salud pública en instituciones de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia en dos departamentos de Colombia durante la pandemia de COVID-19

[RESUMEN]. Objetivo. Analizar los procesos facilitadores y obstaculizadores y los efectos de la implementación de las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas para la prevención de la COVID-19 en los centros de protección de la infancia y la adolescencia de dos departamentos (Antioquia y la Guajira) de Colombia durante el período 2020-2021. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos con un diseño paralelo convergente en 13 internados de protección de la infancia y adolescencia de Colombia (11 en Antioquia y 2 en La Guajira). Se aplicó un cuestionario a 145 niñas, niños y adolescentes y 23 entrevistas a mediadores de la implementación de las medidas del sistema nacional de bienestar familiar. Resultados. Las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas implementadas no difieren por departamento; las más complejas para aplicar fueron el distanciamiento físico y la restricción de las visitas familiares. Conclusiones. En los centros de protección de la infancia y la adolescencia de Antioquia y la Guajira, las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas contribuyeron a mitigar la propagación del virus en entornos considerados de riesgo.

[ABSTRACT]. Objective. Analyze facilitating processes, obstacles, and effects of the implementation of non-pharmacologi- cal public health measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in child and adolescent protection centers in two departments (Antioquia and La Guajira) in Colombia during the period 2020–2021. Methods. Mixed methods study with a convergent parallel design in 13 residential child/adolescent protection facilities in Colombia (11 in Antioquia and two in La Guajira). A questionnaire was given to 145 children and adolescents, and 23 interviews were held with persons responsible for the implementation of measures in the national family welfare system. Results. The implemented non-pharmacological public health measures did not differ by department; the most complex to implement were physical distancing and restriction of family visits. Conclusions. In centers for the protection of children and adolescents in Antioquia and La Guajira, non-phar- macological public health measures helped mitigate the spread of the virus in environments considered at-risk.

[RESUMO]. Objetivo. Analisar os processos que facilitam e dificultam a implementação de medidas não farmacológi- cas de saúde pública para a prevenção da COVID-19 em centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos (Antioquia e La Guajira) da Colômbia, e os efeitos de tal implementação, durante o período 2020-2021. Métodos. Estudo de métodos mistos com delineamento paralelo convergente em 13 internatos para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes na Colômbia (11 em Antioquia e 2 em La Guajira). Foi aplicado um questionário a 145 crianças e adolescentes, e foram realizadas 23 entrevistas com os responsáveis pela implementação das medidas do sistema nacional de bem-estar familiar. Resultados. As medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública implementadas não diferiram por departa- mento. As mais complexas de serem aplicadas foram o distanciamento físico e a restrição de visitas familiares. Conclusões. Nos centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes de Antioquia e La Guajira, medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública contribuíram para mitigar a propagação do vírus em ambientes considera- dos de risco.

Caloric restriction: Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms against epileptic seizures.

Caloric restriction (CR) possesses different cellular mechanisms. Though there are still gaps in the literature regarding its plausible beneficial effects, the suggestion that this alternative therapy can improve the inflammatory and antioxidant response to control epileptic seizures is explored throughout this study. Epilepsy is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease in the world. However, the appropriate mechanisms for it to be fully controlled are still unknown. Neuroinflammation and oxidative stress promote epileptic seizures' appearance and might even aggravate them. There is growing evidence that caloric restriction has extensive anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. For instance, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) have been proposed to induce antioxidant processes and ulteriorly improve the disease progression. Caloric restriction can be an option for those patients with refractory epilepsy since it allows for anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties to evolve within the brain areas involved.

Medidas de salud pública en instituciones de protección a la infancia y la adolescencia en dos departamentos de Colombia durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in institutions for the protection of children and adolescents in two departments in Colombia / Medidas de saúde pública em instituições de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos da Colômbia durante a pandemia de COVID-19

RESUMEN Objetivo. Analizar los procesos facilitadores y obstaculizadores y los efectos de la implementación de las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas para la prevención de la COVID-19 en los centros de protección de la infancia y la adolescencia de dos departamentos (Antioquia y la Guajira) de Colombia durante el período 2020-2021. Métodos. Estudio de métodos mixtos con un diseño paralelo convergente en 13 internados de protección de la infancia y adolescencia de Colombia (11 en Antioquia y 2 en La Guajira). Se aplicó un cuestionario a 145 niñas, niños y adolescentes y 23 entrevistas a mediadores de la implementación de las medidas del sistema nacional de bienestar familiar. Resultados. Las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas implementadas no difieren por departamento; las más complejas para aplicar fueron el distanciamiento físico y la restricción de las visitas familiares. Conclusiones. En los centros de protección de la infancia y la adolescencia de Antioquia y la Guajira, las medidas de salud pública no farmacológicas contribuyeron a mitigar la propagación del virus en entornos considerados de riesgo.

ABSTRACT Objective. Analyze facilitating processes, obstacles, and effects of the implementation of non-pharmacological public health measures for the prevention of COVID-19 in child and adolescent protection centers in two departments (Antioquia and La Guajira) in Colombia during the period 2020-2021. Methods. Mixed methods study with a convergent parallel design in 13 residential child/adolescent protection facilities in Colombia (11 in Antioquia and two in La Guajira). A questionnaire was given to 145 children and adolescents, and 23 interviews were held with persons responsible for the implementation of measures in the national family welfare system. Results. The implemented non-pharmacological public health measures did not differ by department; the most complex to implement were physical distancing and restriction of family visits. Conclusions. In centers for the protection of children and adolescents in Antioquia and La Guajira, non-pharmacological public health measures helped mitigate the spread of the virus in environments considered at-risk.

RESUMO Objetivo. Analisar os processos que facilitam e dificultam a implementação de medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública para a prevenção da COVID-19 em centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes em dois departamentos (Antioquia e La Guajira) da Colômbia, e os efeitos de tal implementação, durante o período 2020-2021. Métodos. Estudo de métodos mistos com delineamento paralelo convergente em 13 internatos para a proteção de crianças e adolescentes na Colômbia (11 em Antioquia e 2 em La Guajira). Foi aplicado um questionário a 145 crianças e adolescentes, e foram realizadas 23 entrevistas com os responsáveis pela implementação das medidas do sistema nacional de bem-estar familiar. Resultados. As medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública implementadas não diferiram por departamento. As mais complexas de serem aplicadas foram o distanciamento físico e a restrição de visitas familiares. Conclusões. Nos centros de proteção de crianças e adolescentes de Antioquia e La Guajira, medidas não farmacológicas de saúde pública contribuíram para mitigar a propagação do vírus em ambientes considerados de risco.

Patrones de uso de fármacos antidemencia en un grupo de pacientes de Colombia / Patterns of antidemential drug use in a group of patients from Colombia

Introducción. Los beneficios del manejo farmacológico con medicamentos antidemencia aún no están del todo demostrados, e incluso hay carencia de trabajos que describan su perfil de utilización. El presente trabajo buscó determinar los patrones de prescripción de fármacos antidemencia en una población de Colombia. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Mediante una base de datos sistematizada de 3,5 millones de afiliados al sistema de salud colombiano, se seleccionó a pacientes con dispensaciones ininterrumpidas de fármacos antidemencia entre agosto y octubre de 2016. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas, farmacológicas y comedicaciones. Se estimaron los costes de las terapias a partir del precio de referencia de los medicamentos. Resultados. Se identificó a 8.372 pacientes con una edad media de 79,5 ± 8,7 años; el 65,3% (n = 5.471) fueron mujeres. El fármaco más utilizado fue la rivastigmina (69,6%), principalmente en presentación transdérmica, seguida de la memantina (31,4%). En general, la dosis media administrada por día fue inferior a la dosis diaria definida. Solamente 568 pacientes (6,7%) usaron terapia combinada. El 84,3% de los pacientes (n = 7.061) usó medicamentos para alguna comorbilidad y el 54,2% (n = 4.535) tenía otro neurofármaco. El coste por 1.000 habitantes/día de la rivastigmina fue de 3,47 dólares, y de la memantina, de 0,30 dólares. Conclusión. Los pacientes con medicamentos antidemencia los están empleando en dosis inferiores a las definidas y presentan una importante frecuencia de comorbilidades y comedicaciones

Introduction. The benefits of pharmacological therapy with anti-dementia drugs are not yet fully demonstrated and there is even a lack of publications describing their use profile. The present work sought to determine the prescription patterns of anti-dementia drugs in a Colombian population. Patients and methods. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Through a systematized database of 3.5 million affiliates to the Colombian health system, patients with uninterrupted dispensing of anti-dementia drugs between August-October/2016 were selected. Sociodemographic, pharmacological and comedication variables were analyzed. The costs of the therapies were estimated from the reference price of the medicines. Results. We identified 8372 patients with a mean age of 79.5 ± 8.7 years and 65.3% (n = 5471) were women. The most widely used medication was rivastigmine (69.6%), mainly in transdermal presentation, followed by memantine (31.4%). In general, the average dose administered per day was lower than the defined daily dose. Only 568 patients (6.7%) used combination therapy. 84.3% of patients (n = 7061) used some additional medication and 54.2% (n = 4535) had another neurologic medication. The cost per 1000 inhabitants/day of rivastigmine was 3.47 USD and for memantine 0.30 USD. Conclusion. Patients with anti-dementia drugs are using them at doses lower than those defined and they present an important frequency of comorbidities and comedications

Successful Aging in Colombia: The Role of Disease.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of successful aging (SA) and identify its predictive factors in a cohort of older people in the Colombian Andes Mountain. Method: Data were drawn from a prospective longitudinal study of community-dwelling elderly people in Manizales. SA encompassed indicators in four domains: physical, cognitive, emotional, and social functioning. Results: The prevalence of SA was 24.4%. The independent predictors were good and very good self-rated health, middle-high/high-income level, absence of chronic conditions, married status, high educational level, and very high spirituality. Discussion: The prevalence of SA was low: One of 10 people older than 65 years showed SA when presence of diseases was included in the criteria, compared with one of four when such an item was excluded. The identification of predictive factors allows distinguishing this population in primary care services and promoting strategies that ensure high functionality levels for as long as possible.

Ideaciones suicidas en la adolescencia: lo que debemos saber de las metamorfosis de la pubertad / Suicidal thoughts in adolescence: what we should know about the metamorphosis of puberty

Este artículo explora la relación entre la metamorfosis de la pubertad y el suicidio desde una mirada psicoanalítica. Con base en la lectura de investigaciones, obras literarias, blogs especializados y tesis de algunos autores, se pudo concluir que las causas del suicidio en esta etapa pueden ser muy variadas, pero es en la asunción de las nuevas responsabilidades y del cada vez más cercano rol de adulto donde podría estar la explicación de la cantidad de casos de suicidio que se presentan entre esta población; se llegó a esta conclusión, ya que el común denominador del rastreo bibliográfico fue el sufrimiento y los duelos por los cuales el adolescente tiene que atravesar, para lo que requiere ir independizándose y tomar partido en todo lo que acontece a su alrededor, es decir: debe de asumir su metamorfosis.