ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: to identify predictive variables of caregiver overload in the southern area of Tamaulipas. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the intentional sample was of 215 informal caregivers and/or relatives of people with chronic diseases, users of two General Hospitals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. The study design was transversal and explanatory. RESULTS: more than half of the sample presented problems of overload (53%) and family dysfunction (51.6%). Also, it was detected that just over half is perceived with medium and low level of caregiving competencies (45.6%) and in some category of depression (39.1%). In the regression model, four predictors of overload were identified: depression, caregiving competencies, dependence on the caregiver and time spent on caregiving. The adjusted R2 = .33, indicates that these 4 variables explain one third of the variance of overload. In addition, the family functionality and age variables were not significant for the model. CONCLUSIONS: the profile of informal caregivers in this study sample coincides with that reported in the international literature and that the model of predictors of caregiving overload allowed the identification of some variables that influence caregiver overload.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Caregivers/psychology , Family Characteristics , Family Relations , MexicoABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Violence against health personnel is an understudied phenomenon in Mexico, which has increased during periods of health contingency. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and type of violence against health professionals before and during the COVID-19 health contingency and determine the characteristics of the worker with the highest exposure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study, carried out during April of 2020, in 562 health workers, who answered a sociodemographic identification card and a questionnaire to know the characteristics, types and consequences of aggression before and during the contingency, through an electronic and anonymous platform. A non-probabilistic sampling (snowball) was used in different states of Mexico. RESULTS: 47.7% of the participants experienced aggressions, 12.8% verbal type and 34.9% verbal/physical aggressions during the last year, where women showed to be more attacked (chi squared = 12.12, p = 0.000). During health contingency, 16.8% perceived aggression, 13.2% verbal type and 3.6% verbal/physical aggression, with nurses being the most attacked (chi squared = 5.57, p = 0.018). A logistic regression model confirmed that being a woman and belonging to nursing profession has, respectively as far as 2.5 and 3 times more risk of suffering violence. CONCLUSIONS: Violence against health personnel requires immediate strategies, especially in critical periods in the community, where aggressions occur inside and outside of hospitals, which have an impact on worker's safety and health institutions.
INTRODUCCIÓN: la violencia hacia el personal de salud es un fenómeno poco estudiado en México, el cual se ha incrementado durante periodos de contingencia sanitaria. OBJETIVO: identificar la prevalencia y el tipo de violencia hacia el personal de salud antes y durante la contingencia sanitaria por COVID-19 y determinar las características laborales del trabajador en mayor exposición. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: estudio descriptivo transversal, llevado a cabo en abril de 2020, en 562 trabajadores de la salud, quienes contestaron una cédula de datos sociodemográficos y un cuestionario para indagar características, tipos y consecuencias de las agresiones, antes y durante la contingencia, mediante una plataforma electrónica y anónima. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico (en bola de nieve) en distintas entidades de México. RESULTADOS: 47.7% de los participantes experimentó agresiones, 12.8% de tipo verbal y 34.9% verbal/física durante el último año; las mujeres fueron las más agredidas (chi cuadrada = 12.12, p = 0.000). Durante la contingencia sanitaria 16.8% recibió agresión, 13.2% de tipo verbal y 3.6% verbal/física, siendo las enfermeras las más agredidas (chi cuadrada = 5.57, p = 0.018), información que se confirmó mediante un modelo de regresión logística donde ser mujer y pertenecer a enfermería, respectivamente representó hasta 2.5 y 3 veces mayor riesgo de sufrir violencia. CONCLUSIONES: la violencia hacia el personal sanitario requiere estrategias inmediatas, especialmente en periodos críticos en la comunidad, donde las agresiones se presentan dentro y fuera de hospitales, lo cual repercute en la seguridad de los trabajadores e instituciones sanitarias.
ABSTRACT
AIMS: This article describes a study that aimed to validate the Self-care in Chronic Conditions Partners in Health Scale instrument in the Mexican population. The instrument has been validated in Australia for use as a screening tool by primary healthcare professionals to assess the self-care skills and abilities of people with a chronic illness. METHODS: Validation was conducted using baseline data for 552 people with diabetes, hypertension and cancer aged 18 or older who were users of healthcare centres in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. RESULTS: Results show high reliability and validity of the instrument and three themes were identified: knowledge, adherence, and dealing with and managing side effects. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest the scale is useful as a generic self-rated clinical tool for assessing self-management in a range of chronic conditions, and provides an outcome measure for comparing populations and change in patient self-management knowledge and behaviour. The authors recommend validating the scale in other Latin-American settings with more research into the effect of gender on self- management.
Subject(s)
Chronic Disease/therapy , Diabetes Mellitus/therapy , Hypertension/therapy , Neoplasms/therapy , Self Care/instrumentation , Self Care/standards , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Double-Blind Method , Female , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Male , Mexico , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
Objetivos: describir la relación de la actividad física (pasos/día)/ejercicio con la obesidad (índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de cintura y grasa corporal) en adultos con diabetes tipo 2. Se planteó además: 1) determinar la relación de la educación/comprensión en diabetes con la actividad física/ejercicio, y 2) establecer diferencias de actividad física/ejercicio y obesidad/sobrepeso de acuerdo con variables sociodemográficas. Materiales y métodos: diseño descriptivo correlacional, muestra aleatoria de 124 pacientes de 17 centros comunitarios de Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. Las mediciones incluyeron: podómetro New-Life Style 2000, cuestionarios de autocuidado y Perfil de Cuidado en Diabetes, IMC, CC y grasa corporal. Los datos se analizaron con medidas de tendencia central, correlación de Spearman, prueba U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: el promedio de pasos/día mostró relación inversa con el IMC (r s = - 0,282, p < 0,01) y la CC (r s = - 0,300, p < 0,01). La comprensión en diabetes tuvo relación positiva con el ejercicio (r s = 0,179, p = 0,04). Las mujeres fueron quienes tuvieron mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: los hallazgos tienen implicaciones importantes para el ejercicio práctico de la profesión de enfermería que juega un papel esencial en el fomento de la actividad física y otros comportamientos básicos de autocuidado a través de la educación. La educación basada en teoría se hace necesaria para el avance en el conocimiento de la disciplina.
Objectives: Describe the relationship between physical activity (steps/day)/exercise and obesity (body mass index, waist circumference and body fat) in adults with type II diabetes. The study also was intended to: 1) determine the relationship between education/ understanding of diabetes and physical activity / exercise, and 2) to identify differences in physical activity / exercise and overweight / obesity according to a set of socio-demographic variables. Materials and methods: The study was descriptive and correlational in design, with a random sample of 124 patients from 17 community centers in Tampico, Tamaulipas, Mexico. The measurements include: the New Lifestyles 2000 pedometer, plus questionnaires on self-care and the Diabetes Care Profile, BMI, WC and body fat. The data were analyzed with measures of central tendency, the Spearman correlation, the Mann- Whitney U testand the Kruskal Wallis test. Results: The average number of steps / day showed an inverse relationship to the BMI (r s = - 0.282, p < 0.01) and WC (r s = - 0.300, p < 0.01). Understanding diabetes had a positive relationship to exercise (r s = 0.179, p = 0.04). Those with a higher percentage of body fat were women (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The findings have important implications for professional nursing practice, which plays a crucial role in promoting physical activity and other self-care behavior through education. Theory-based education is necessary for the advancement of knowledge in the discipline.
Objetivos: descrever a relação da atividade física (passos/dia)/exercício com a obesidade (índice de massa corporal, circunferência de cintura e gordura corporal) em adultos com diabete tipo 2. Além disso, propôs-se: 1) determinar a relação da educação/compreensão em diabete com a atividade física/exercício, e 2) estabelecer diferenças de atividade física/exercício e obesidade/excesso de peso de acordo com variáveis sociodemográficas. Materiais e métodos: desenho descritivo correlacional, amostra aleatória de 124 pacientes de 17 centros comunitários de Tampico, Tamaulipas, México. As medições incluíram: pedômetro New-Life Style 2000, questionários de autocuidado e Perfil de Cuidado em Diabete, IMC, CC e gordura corporal. Os dados foram analisados com medidas de tendência central, correlação de Spearman, prova U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal Wallis. Resultados: a média de passos/dia mostrou relação inversa com o IMC (r s = - 0,282, p < 0,01) e a CC (r s = - 0,300, p < 0,01). A compreensão em diabete teve relação positiva com o exercício (r s = 0,179, p = 0,04). As mulheres foram as que tiveram maior porcentagem de gordura corporal (p < 0,05). Conclusões: as descobertas têm implicações importantes para o exercício prático da profissão de enfermagem que desenvolve papel essencial no fomento da atividade física e outros comportamentos básicos de autocuidado por meio da educação. A educação baseada em teoria se faz necessária para o avanço no conhecimento da disciplina.
