Finite element analysis of cervical intervertebral discs after removing different ranges of uncinate processes / 解剖学报

Objective To study the stress change characteristics of the cervical disc after removing different ranges of the uncinate process by establishing a three⁃dimensional finite element model of the C

Treatment of Liver Fibrosis after Hepatitis B with TCM Combined with NAs Evaluated by Noninvasive Diagnostic Methods: A Retrospective Study.

Objective. Chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is an important intermediate link in the development of liver cirrhosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Longhua Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in order to prove whether integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine could improve the incidence of CHB complications and clinical prognosis. There are 130 patients with hepatitis B liver fibrosis (being treated from 2011-2021) included in the study, and the patients were divided into 64 TCM users (NAs combined with TCM) and 66 TCM nonusers (NAs antiviral therapy). The serum noninvasive diagnostic model (APRI, FIB-4) and LSM value were used to classify the stages of fibrosis. The results showed that the LSM value was decreased significantly in TCM users compared with TCM nonusers (40.63% versus 28.79%). Indicators of FIB-4 and APRI of TCM users have improved significantly compared with that of TCM nonusers (32.81% versus 10.61% and 35.94% versus 24.24%). The AST, TBIL, and HBsAg levels in TCM users were lower than those in TCM nonusers, and the HBsAg level was inversely correlated with the CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ in TCM users. The PLT and spleen thickness of TCM users also were improved considerably. The incidence rate of end-point events (decompensated cirrhosis/liver cancer) in TCM nonusers was higher than that of TCM users (16.67% versus 1.56%). The long course of the disease and a family history of hepatitis B were the risk factors for disease progression, and long-term oral administration of TCM was the protective factor. As a result, the serum noninvasive fibrosis index and imaging parameters in TCM users were lower than those of TCM nonusers. Patients in the treatment of NAs combined with TCM had better prognoses such as a lower HBsAg level, a more stable lymphocyte function, and a lower incidence of end-point events. The present findings suggest the effect of TCM combined with NAs in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis is better than that of single drug treatment.

Tumor-associated macrophages-derived exo-let-7a promotes osteosarcoma metastasis via targeting C15orf41 in osteosarcoma.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma (OS) immune environment is complexed and the immune factors-related to OS progression need to be explored. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are regarded as immune suppressive and tumor-promoting cells. However, the underlying mechanisms through which TAMs function are still fragmentary. Here, we aim to explore the underlying mechanisms by which TAMs regulate OS progression. METHODS: TAMs from OS tissues were isolated by flow cytometry. Exosomes derived from TAMs were separated using ultracentrifugation and western blotting. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and flow cytometry were constructed to characterize TAMs-derived exosomes. Additionally, the differential MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were detected through RNA sequencing, and further validated using real-time PCR (RT-PCR). OS cell metastasis ability was assessed using transwell invasion and scratch wound healing assays. MiRNAs mimic and lentiviral vectors were utilized to explore the effects on OS progression. RESULTS: Exosome secreted by TAMs accelerated the OS metastasis. Let-7a level was upregulated in TAMs derived exosomes, which downregulated C15orf41 by targeting 3'-untranslated region (UTR). Furthermore, overexpressing let-7a enhanced invasion and migration by blocking the transcription of C15orf41. In consistent, up-regulating let-7a promoted OS progression and made the prognosis to be worse, which can be reversed by C15orf41 overexpression. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the critical role of TAMs-derived exosomes in OS progression and explored the potential value of the let-7a/C15orf41 axis as an indicator or target for OS.

Effectiveness of a mHealth intervention on hypertension control in a low-resource rural setting: A randomized clinical trial.

Background: Despite the increasing popularity of mHealth, little evidence indicates that they can improve health outcomes. Mobile health interventions (mHealth) have been shown as an attractive approach for health-care systems with limited resources. To determine whether mHealth would reduce blood pressure, promote weight loss, and improve hypertension compliance, self-efficacy and life quality in individuals with hypertension living in low-resource rural settings in Hubei, China. Methods: In this parallel-group, randomized controlled trial, we recruited individuals from health-care centers, home visits, and community centers in low-resource rural settings in Hubei, China. Of 200 participants who were screened, 148 completed consent, met inclusion criteria, and were randomly assigned in a ratio of 1:1 to control or intervention. Intervention group participants were instructed to use the Monitoring Wearable Device and download a Smartphone Application, which includes reminder alerts, adherence reports, medical instruction and optional family support. Changes in the index of Cardiovascular health risk factors from baseline to end of follow-up. Secondary outcomes were change in hypertension compliance, self-efficacy and life quality at 12 weeks. Results: Participants (n = 134; 66 in the intervention group and 68 controls) had a mean age of 61.73 years, 61.94% were male. After 12 weeks, the mean (SD) systolic blood pressure decreased by 8.52 (19.73) mm Hg in the intervention group and by 1.25 (12.47) mm Hg in the control group (between-group difference, -7.265 mm Hg; 95% CI, -12.89 to -1.64 mm Hg; P = 0.012), While, there was no difference in the change in diastolic blood pressure between the two groups (between-group difference, -0.41 mm Hg; 95% CI, -3.56 to 2.74 mm Hg; P = 0.797). After 12 weeks of follow-up, the mean (SD) hypertension compliance increased by 7.35 (7.31) in the intervention group and by 3.01 (4.92) in the control group (between-group difference, 4.334; 95% CI, 2.21 to -6.46; P < 0.01), the mean (SD) hypertension compliance increased by 12.89 (11.95) in the intervention group and by 5.43 (10.54) in the control group (between-group difference, 7.47; 95% CI, 3.62 to 11.31; P < 0.01), the mean (SD) physical health increased by 12.21 (10.77) in the intervention group and by 1.54 (7.18) in the control group (between-group difference, 10.66; 95% CI, 7.54-13.78; P < 0.01), the mean (SD) mental health increased by 13.17 (9.25) in the intervention group and by 2.55 (5.99) in the control group (between-group difference, 10.93; 95% CI, 7.74 to 14.12; P < 0.01). Conclusions: Among participants with uncontrolled hypertension, individuals randomized to use a monitoring wearable device with a smartphone application had a significant improvement in self-reported hypertension compliance, self-efficacy, life quality, weight loss and diastolic blood pressure, but no change in systolic blood pressure compared with controls.

Research progress of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) /S1P receptor signaling in tumor microenvironment / 药学学报

Sphingosine kinase (SphK), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and S1P receptor (S1PR) are involved in the tumor biological processes such as tumor cell proliferation and migration, and play an important role in the development of cancer. In recent years, researchers have increasingly focused on the interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. The tumor microenvironment is genetically stable and can be induced to an antitumor phenotype, which has significant therapeutic advantages. Studies have shown that SphK/S1P/S1PR can regulate multiple aspects of the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the effects of SphK and S1P/S1PR signaling on the tumor microenvironment from four perspectives: tumor immune microenvironment, cancer associated fibroblasts, tumor angiogenesis and tumor hypoxic microenvironment, and also outlines potential drug research related to these signal molecules, aiming to elucidate the role of SphK/S1P/S1PR in tumor occurrence and development and provide new ideas for the research of anti-tumor drugs.

Corticostriatal Neurons in the Anterior Auditory Field Regulate Frequency Discrimination Behavior / 神经科学通报·英文版

The anterior auditory field (AAF) is a core region of the auditory cortex and plays a vital role in discrimination tasks. However, the role of the AAF corticostriatal neurons in frequency discrimination remains unclear. Here, we used c-Fos staining, fiber photometry recording, and pharmacogenetic manipulation to investigate the function of the AAF corticostriatal neurons in a frequency discrimination task. c-Fos staining and fiber photometry recording revealed that the activity of AAF pyramidal neurons was significantly elevated during the frequency discrimination task. Pharmacogenetic inhibition of AAF pyramidal neurons significantly impaired frequency discrimination. In addition, histological results revealed that AAF pyramidal neurons send strong projections to the striatum. Moreover, pharmacogenetic suppression of the striatal projections from pyramidal neurons in the AAF significantly disrupted the frequency discrimination. Collectively, our findings show that AAF pyramidal neurons, particularly the AAF-striatum projections, play a crucial role in frequency discrimination behavior.

Biograph Vision 600 PET performance testing and analysis / 中国辐射卫生

Objective To test and analyze the performance of Biograph Vision 600 PET/CT according to the NEMA NU2—2012 standard to achieve reliable, repeatable, and inter-system comparable performance measurement, and to provide a basis for future equipment stability testing and status detection. Methods The Biograph Vision PET equipment features a detector based on silicon photomultipliers, with 3.2 mm lutetium oxyorthosilicate crystals and full cover of the scintillation region. The spatial resolution, sensitivity, noise-equivalent count rate, scatter fraction, coincidence count rate, image quality, scatter correction, and time-of-flight resolution of Biograph Vision PET were tested by referring to the test model and method of the NEMA NU2—2012 standard. Results The Biograph Vision 600 PET equipment showed lateral and axial spatial resolutions of 3.69 mm and 3.81 mm at 1 cm off-center of the field of view, respectively and of 4.29 mm and 4.48 mm at 10 cm, respectively. The sensitivity was 17.5 kcps/MBq. The time-of-flight resolution changed from 210 ps to 215 ps as the count rate increased to the peak noise equivalent count rate. The NEMA peak noise-equivalent count rate was 247 kcps at 30.3 kBq/ml. The corresponding scatter fraction was 34.8%. With the NEMA module, the overall image quality contrast range was 73.6%-92.8%, and the background variability was 2.3%-6.5%; the mean lung residual error was 3.4%; and the time-of-flight resolution was 210 ps. Conclusion This performance test was performed according to the NEMA NU2—2012 standard, showing that all parameters were better than the ex-factory standard, which can provide a reference for other institutions selecting equipment and also provide a basis for future equipment stability testing and status detection.

Role of epigenetic regulation of biological clock genes in tumors / 中国药理学通报

The circadian clock is regulated at the molecular level by transcriptional-translational feedback loop of clock genes, which ensures that a variety of physiological processes have a-round 24 h circadian rhythms, including cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and tumorigenesis, to maintain the homeostasis. Thus, the disturbance of circadian clock will disrupt homeostasis, causing various diseases, including neoplasm, metabolic syndrome, Parkinson's disease, COPD and cardiovascular diseases. Disturbance of circadian clock is closely related with tumorigenesis, and acts on various molecules and pathways leading to tumorigenesis, including oncogene and tumor suppressor gene, cell cycle, metabolic reprogramming, immune escape, endocrine disruption, alteration of gastrointestinal microbiome. This review focuses on changes in clock genes expression which disrupt cell cycle and may play a role in tumorigenesis, and epi-geneties, an important way to regulate gene expression, which can alter clock gene expression, thus playing an important role in the process of " the alternation of clock gene expression-disruption of cell cycle-tumorigenesis".

Application of meridian and acupoint diagnosis of three yin meridians of foot in the treatment for gynecological diseases with acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

With three representative types of gynecological diseases (dysmenorrhea, pelvic inflammation, polycystic ovary syndrome) as examples, the application methods of meridian and acupoint diagnosis for gynecological diseases treated with acupuncture and moxibustion are discussed. During clinical diagnosis and treatment, it is recommended to examine the patient's leg segment along the three yin meridians of foot, aiming to explore the positive reactions of the meridians and acupoints (color, shape, skin temperature, sensory abnormalities, etc.). Acupuncture and moxibustion treatment at this positive reaction place can improve the clinical efficacy. Meridian and acupoint diagnosis could provide basis for meridian syndrome differentiation, thus guiding the selection of acupoint prescriptions; it is also helpful to clarify the deficiency, excess, cold and heat of the disease nature, thus guiding the selection of acupuncture and moxibustion methods. In addition, it is an auxiliary method to estimate the prognosis and outcome of the disease.

Application of cochlear nerve action potential monitoring in the resection of vestibular schwannomas / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate the application of cochlear nerve action potential (CNAP) monitoring in the resection of vestibular schwannoma, especially evaluating its significance for hearing preservation. Methods: From April 2018 to December 2021, 54 patients with vestibular schwannoma who underwent resection via retrosigmoid approach were collected in Chinese PLA General Hospital. Before surgery, all patients had effective hearing (AAO-HNS grade C or above). Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) combined with CNAP monitoring was performed during surgery. The CNAP monitoring was combined with continuous monitoring and cochlear nerve mapping. And patients were divided into hearing preservation group and non-preserved group according to postoperative AAO-HNS grade. SPSS 23.0 software was used to analyze the differences of CNAP and BEAP parameters between the two groups. Results: A total of 54 patients completed intraoperative monitoring and data collection, including 25 males (46.3%) and 29 females (53.7%), aged 27-71 years with an average age of 46.2 years. The maximum tumor diameter were (18.1±5.9) mm (range 10-34 mm). All tumors were totally removed with preserved facial nerve function (House-Brackmann grade I-II). The hearing preservation rate of 54 patients was 51.9% (28/54). During surgery, the V wave extraction rate of BAEP waveform was 85.2% (46/54) before tumor resection, 71.4% (20/28) in the hearing preservation group after tumor resection, and disappeared in the hearing preservation group (0/26). CNAP waveform was elicited in 54 patients during operation. Differences were found in the distribution of CNAP waveforms after tumor resection. The waveforms of the hearing-preserving group were triphasic and biphasic, while those in the non-preserving group were low-level and positive. For hearing preservation group, the amplitude of N1 wave after tumor resection was significantly higher than that before tumor resection[14.45(7.54, 33.85)μV vs 9.13(4.88, 23.35)μV, P=0.022]; However, for the non-preserved group, the amplitude of N1 wave after tumor resection was significantly lower than that before tumor resection [3.07(1.96, 4.60)μV vs 6.55(4.54, 9.71)μV, P=0.007]; After tumor resection, the amplitude was significantly higher than that of the unreserved group [14.45(7.54, 33.85)μV vs 3.07(1.96, 4.60)μV, P<0.001]. Conclusions: BAEP combined with CNAP monitoring is conducive to intraoperative hearing protection, and the application of cochlear nerve mapping can prompt the surgeon to avoid nerve injury. The waveform and N1 amplitude of CNAP after tumor resection have a certain value in predicting postoperative hearing preservation status.

Concurrent Tuberculous Meningoencephalitis and Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis: A Case Report.

Background: Cases of tuberculosis triggering the development of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis are absent. Case Presentation: Herein, we report, for the first time, the case of a patient who developed anti-NMDAR encephalitis likely due to tuberculosis. The patient, a 33-year-old man, experienced weight loss during the previous 2 years, along with acute headache, fever, cognitive deficits, and right ophthalmoplegia. Based on these findings and on data from magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid antibody analysis, tuberculous meningoencephalitis combined with anti-NMDAR encephalitis was diagnosed. Marked clinical and brain imaging improvement were observed after antituberculosis and high-dose corticosteroid treatment initiation, which persisted during the 3 months of follow-up. Conclusions: This case suggests that anti-NMDAR encephalitis may arise after tuberculosis infection. Therefore, clinicians must be aware of this possibility, especially when cognitive and new neurological symptoms suddenly occur.

Bioinformatics analysis identifies aging/senescence-induced genes in calcified plaques / 生理学报

Vascular calcification is an important pathophysiological basis of cardiovascular disease with its underlying mechanism unclear. In recent years, studies have shown that aging is one of the risk factors for vascular calcification. The purpose of this study was to investigate the microenvironmental characteristics of vascular calcification, identify aging/senescence-induced genes (ASIGs) closely related to calcified plaques, and explore the evolution trajectory of vascular calcification cell subsets. Based on the bioinformatics method, the single cell transcriptome sequencing data (Gene Expression Omnibus: GSE159677) of carotid artery samples from 3 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy were grouped and annotated. Vascular calcification-related aging genes were identified by ASIGs data set. The pseudotime trend of ASIGs in cell subsets was analyzed by Monocle 3, and the evolution of vascular calcification cells was revealed. After quality control, all cells were divided into 8 cell types, including B cells, T cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, mast cells, and progenitor cells. Ten ASIGs related to vascular calcification were screened from the data set of ASIGs, which include genes encoding complement C1qA (C1QA), superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), lysozyme (LYZ), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-7 (IGFBP7), complement C1qB (C1QB), complement C1qC (C1QC), Caveolin 1 (CAV1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), clusterin (CLU), and αB-crystallin (CRYAB). Pseudotime analysis showed that all cell subsets were involved in the progression of vascular calcification, and these ASIGs may play an important role in cell evolution. In summary, AGIS plays an important role in the progression of vascular calcification, and these high expression genes may provide ideas for early diagnosis and treatment of vascular calcification.

Progress of new anti-seizure medications in elderly patients with epilepsy / 中华神经科杂志

With the rapid aging of the population, elderly epilepsy probably becomes one of the most common forms of epilepsy. Lacosamide, brivaracetam, eslicarbazepine acetate, and perampanel have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency for monotherapy and (or) adjunctive treatment of seizures in the last few years. This review summarizes the efficacy and tolerability of third-generation anti-seizure medications in elderly epilepsy patients and introduces the effects of anti-seizure medications on cognitive function and mood, as well as drug-drug interactions, aiming to provide a reliable basis for clinicians to choose third-generation anti-seizure medications.

Transformation of epilepsy treatment model: anti-epileptogenesis and disease-modifying therapy / 中华神经科杂志

Most anti-seizure medications do not change the course of epilepsy and are basically "symptomatic treatment". Even if a variety of new anti-seizure medications continue to come out, there are still more than 30% of patients develop drug-resistant epilepsy. Therefore, investigating new therapeutic targets and developing effective drugs to prevent or reverse the onset and progression of epilepsy are important goals of clinical and preclinical researches. Based on the current studies, to realize the transformation from anti-seizure to anti-epileptogenesis and disease-modifying therapy, it not only needs standardized animal models and biomarkers that can predict the epileptogenesis or progression but also needs sufficient patients, rigorous design schemes, and cutting-edge analysis methods to successfully transform preclinical research into clinical practice. There is no doubt that in the future, targeting various nerve injury pathways to achieve anti-epileptogenesis and disease-modifying therapy probably becomes a truly effective means of treating and preventing epilepsy.

Effect of Danggui Shaoyao San on cognitive function of vascular dementia model rats and its mechanisms / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of Danggui Shaoyao San(DSS) on cognitive function and neuronal apoptosis in vascular dementia (VD) rats.Methods:Fifty SPF grade male SD rats aged 6-7 weeks were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, positive drug group (nimodipine group, 9.45 mg·kg -1), DSS low-dose group (1.6 g·kg -1), DSS high-dose group (6.4 g·kg -1) according to random number table, with 10 rats in each group. The VD rat model was established by permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries. Seven days after modeling, the rats in different groups were administrated by gavage according to corresponding interventions, once a day, for 28 days. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of rats.The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in hippocampal area of rat brain were detected by ELISA.The protein expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved Caspase-3 and leptin receptor/glycogen synthase kinase 3β microtubule-associated protein tau(LEP-R/GSK-3β/tau) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. GraphPad Prism 9 software was used for statistical analysis of data, repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA were used for comparison between multiple groups, and SNK- q test was used for further pairwise comparison. Results:The results of water maze experiment showed that the time and group interaction of escape latency of the five groups were not significant ( F=1.223, P>0.05), the main effect of group and time were significant ( F=74.65, 18.32, both P<0.05). On the 5th day, the escape latency of nimodipine group, DSS low-dose group and DSS high-dose group were lower than that of model group ( q=14.425, 7.477, 21.392, all P<0.05), and that of DSS high-dose group was lower than that of nimodipine group ((15.28±2.46)s, (22.78±3.31)s, q=6.966, P<0.05). There was statistically significant difference in the number of crossing platforms of rats in 5 groups ( F=17.331, P<0.05). The numbers of platform crossing in nimodipine group and DSS high-dose group were higher than that in model group ( q=6.789, 10.635, 5.270, all P<0.05), and the number of platform crossing in DSS high-dose group was higher than that in nimodipine group ((6.84±1.63), (5.22±1.75), q=3.846, P<0.05). ELISA results showed that the levels of MDA, ROS and SOD in hippocampal tissues of rats in 5 groups were significantly different ( F=49.338, 38.518, 15.440, all P<0.05). The levels of MDA and ROS in hippocampus of DSS high-dose group were lower than those of model group ( q=16.061, 13.541, both P<0.05) and nimodipine group ( q=4.317, 5.162, both P<0.05), SOD level of DSS high-dose group was higher than those of model group ( q=8.179, P<0.05) and nimodipine group ( q=4.135, P<0.05). Western blot results showed that the levels of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2/Bax and Caspase-3 were significantly different in the 5 groups ( F=30.692, 43.384, both P<0.01). The level of Bcl-2/Bax in DSS high-dose group was higher than that in model group ( q=10.562, P<0.05) and nimodipine group ( q=3.820, P<0.05), the level of Caspase-3 was lower than those of model group ( q=12.139, P<0.05) and nimodipine group ( q=7.734, P<0.05). The levels of LEP-R, p-GSK-3β, p-S404 tau and p-S202 tau expression level in hippocampal tissues of the 5 group were significantly different ( F=80.927, 59.230, 159.784, 105.923, all P<0.01). The levels of LEP-R and p-GSK-3β protein in nimodpine group and DSS high-dose group were higher than those in model group ( q=16.275, 20.104, both P<0.05; q=12.942, 17.257, both P<0.05), the levels of p-S404 Tau and p-S202 Tau in the two groups were lower than those in model group ( q=19.121, 27.456, both P<0.05; q=17.559, 22.780, both P<0.05). The levels of LEP-R(0.98±0.15), (0.86±0.14)) and p-GSK-3β((0.95±0.16)s, (0.82±0.13)) in DSS high-dose group were higher than those in nimodipine group ( q=3.829, 4.314, both P<0.05), the levels of p-S404 Tau((0.41±0.03)s, (0.58±0.07)) and p-S202 Tau((0.48±0.05)s, (0.59±0.06)) in DSS high-dose group were lower than those of nimodipine group ( q=8.335, 5.220, both P<0.05). Conclusion:DSS can improve the cognitive function of VD rats, and the mechanism may be related with reducing oxidative stress level, inhibiting neuronal apoptosis, and upregulating LEP-R/GSK-3β/Tau signaling pathway.

Clinical efficacy comparison between hydromorphone and morphine subcutaneous injection analgesia for cancer outbreak pain / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective:To explore the clinical effects and adverse reactions of hydromorphone versus morphine subcutaneous injection analgesia for cancer outbreak pain.Methods:A total of 98 patients with cancer outbreak pain admitted to Xuzhou Central Hospital were selected. According to the random number table method, the patients were divided into the observation group (receiving subcutaneous injection of hydromorphone for analgesia) and the control group (receiving subcutaneous injection of morphine for analgesia), 49 cases in each group. The numerical rating scale (NRS) scores and quality of life (QOL) scores, pain relief effects, serum β-endorphin, substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine levels and the incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results:The NRS scores of the two groups after treatment were decreased compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05); and the NRS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group after treatment [(2.4±0.4) scores vs. (3.2±0.5) scores, t = 8.69, P < 0.001]; the QOL scores of the two groups after treatment were higher than those before treatment (all P < 0.05); and there were no statistically significant difference in QOL scores after treatment between the two groups [(46±7) scores vs. (43±7) scores, t = 1.62, P = 0.109]. The total effective rate of pain relief of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [93.88% (46/49) vs.79.59% (39/49), χ2 = 4.35, P = 0.037]. The serum β-endorphin, substance P, 5-hydroxytryptamine levels of the two groups after treatment were decreased compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.05). β-endorphin, substance P and 5-hydroxytryptamine of the observation group were lower than those of the control group after treatment[β-endorphin: (85±15) ng/L vs. (98±17) ng/L, substance P: (2.1±0.3) μg/ml vs. (2.4±0.4) μg/ml, 5-hydroxytryptamine: (0.31±0.05) ng/L vs.(0.38±0.06) ng/L; t values were 3.75, 3.63, 6.27, all P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of adverse reactions like skin pruritus, nausea and vomiting of the observation group were lower (all P < 0.05). Conclusions:Compared with subcutaneous injection of morphine for analgesia, hydromorphone can better alleviate the pain of patients with cancer outbreak pain, decrease the level of pain mediators, and reduce the incidence of skin pruritus, nausea and vomiting.

Effect of Naozhenning on Hippocampal Mitochondrial Function in Model Rats with Post-concussion Syndrome / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism of Naozhenning on learning and memory ability and neuron damage in hippocampal CA1 region of post-concussion syndrome model rats based on mitochondrial function. MethodMultiple cerebral concussion （MCC） was induced in SPF Wistar rats with the free-fall impact method. Then the model rats were randomly classified into model group （equivalent volume of distilled water）， piracetam （0.43 g·kg-1， ig） group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose NZN （5.4， 10.8， 21.6 g·kg-1， respectively， ig） groups， with 10 rats in each group， and another 10 normal rats were included in the normal control group （equivalent volume of distilled water）. The administration lasted 14 days and then relevant indexes were detected. Morris water maze test was used to observe the changes of learning and memory ability in each group， such as escape latency， residence time in primary quadrant， and times of crossing platform. The pathological changes of hippocampal CA1 region were observed based on hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining and Nissl staining. The ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed under the transmission electron microscope （TME） and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex Ⅰ was detected by colorimetry. The content of adenosine triphosphate （ATP） was determined by fluorescence probe and mitochondrial membrane potential （MMP） by fluorescein enzyme-linked fluorescence immunoassay. ResultCompared with the normal control group， the model group showed long escape latency， short residence time in target quadrant， few times of crossing the platform， significant decrease in counts of neurons and Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 region， damage of neuronal morphology and mitochondrial structure， and significant reduction of MMP and the content of mitochondrial ATP and respiratory chain complex I （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The NZN groups demonstrated short escape latency， long residence time in target quadrant， increased times of crossing the platform， small number of neurons and Nissl bodies in hippocampal CA1 region， alleviated damage of neuronal morphology and mitochondrial structure， and increase in MMP and the content of mitochondrial ATP and respiratory chain complex I （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionNZN can improve the learning and memory ability of MCC rats by improving mitochondrial structure and function and alleviating hippocampal neuron injury.

Empirical analysis on the regional characteristics and trend of pharmaceutical industry transfer in China / 中国药房

OBJECT IVE To provide reference for relevant decision-makers to formulate policies to guide the transfer of pharmaceutical industry. METHODS Using the statistical data from 2000 to 2019，taking industrial transfer index as index ，on the basis of 4 regions，our country was divided into 8 comprehensive economic areas ：the eastern coastal area ，the southern coastal area，the northern coastal area ，the middle reaches of the Yellow River area ，the middle reaches of the Yangtze River area ，the northeast area ，the southwest area and the northwest area. The regional characteristics and regularity of China ’s pharmaceutical industrial transfer were discussed in terms of space and time. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS From 2004 to 2019，among the 31 provinces，pharmaceutical industry was transferred in 19 provinces，including Jilin ，Shandong，Henan and Gansu ，accounting for 61.3％；pharmaceutical industry was transferred out in 12 provinces，including Hebei ，Beijing，Xinjiang and Hubei ，accounting for 38.7％. There were 12 provinces whose absolute average values of industrial transfer index were greater than 0.2，indicating that China’s pharmaceutical industry had undergone large-scale migration among provinces ，and the scale of pharmaceutical industrial transfer varied significantly among provinces. From the perspective of regional distribution ，4 pharmaceutical industrial transfer-in centers had been formed in China ，the eastern coastal area ，the northeast area ，the middle reaches of the Yangtze River area and the southern coastal area ；industrial transfer followed the location selection mode from within areas to between areas. From the perspective of time change trend ，there was a phenomenon of gradient deviation in the transfer of pharmaceutical industry in various areas of China ，and there are 5 evolution types ，mainly including “up and down fluctuation ”，“first decrease and then increase”，“first increase and then decrease ”；the transfer of pharmaceutical industry was active in most areas ，and the transfer path remained relatively stable. In some areas ，the roles of transfer-out place and transfer-in place had been exchanged. According to the scale and trend of industrial transfer ，each area should formulate guiding policies to realize the coordinated development of inter-regional pharmaceutical industry.

Association Between Psychosocial Disorders and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Background/Aims@#The incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is increasing annually. Studies have suggested that psychosocial disorders may be linked to the development of GERD. However, studies evaluating the association between psychosocial disorders and GERD have been inconsistent. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies that evaluated the association between psychosocial disorders and GERD. @*Methods@#We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases until October 17, 2020. Pooled OR with 95% CI and subgroup analyses were calculated using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed to identify thesources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis by one-study removal was used to test the robustness of our results. @*Results@#This meta-analysis included 1 485 268 participants from 9 studies. Studies using psychosocial disorders as the outcome showed that patients with GERD had a higher incidence of psychosocial disorders compared to that in patients without GERD (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.87-3.54; I2 = 93.8%; P < 0.001). Studies using GERD as an outcome showed an association between psychosocial disorders and an increased risk of GERD (OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.42-3.51; I2 = 97.1%; P < 0.001). The results of the subgroup analysis showed that the non-erosive reflux disease group had a higher increased risk of anxiety than erosive reflux disease group (OR, 9.45; 95% CI, 5.54-16.13; I2 = 12.6%; P = 0.285). @*Conclusion@# @*Results@#of our meta-analysis showed that psychosocial disorders are associated with GERD; there is an interaction between the two.

Light/dark box as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mouse: Conditions and factors / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the factors on behavior patterns of light/dark box(LDB)as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice.Methods The behavior of adult,male,Kunming mice in LDB was recorded for five minutes,respectively.The following parameters were evaluated:percentage of time in the light area(Ltime%),percentage of squares crossing in the light area(Lcross%),percentage of rears in the light area(Lrear%),total number of squares crossing in the whole apparatus(Cross),total number of rears in the whole apparatus(Rear),total(Cross plus Rear),transitions between two areas(Transition),and number of fecal bolis in light box and dark box(Fbs).Subsequently,the factors,such as day-night rhythm,illumination area(L3/5 or L2/5 for ratio between Light box and Dark box:3:2 or 2:3,respectively),illumination color(in Dark box)and illumination intensity(in Light box),were investigated to screen the best experimental conditions.Results t-test showed that compared with night cycle,there was no significant difference in all LDB parameters during day cycle(P>0.05),while compared with 3/5 and 2/5,LDB parameters during day cycle such as Lcross%(t=5.363,P0.05),but a statistical influence of illumination area on Ltime%(F(1,20)=18.361,P0.05).Conclusions LDB as an animal model of state anxiety in Kunming mice can evaluate anxiety-,locomotion-exploration and emotionality- related behaviors,which cannot be affected by day-night rhythm,but illumination area(Ltime%,Lcross%,Lrear%),illumination color(Rear)and illumination intensity(Cross,Total).So it is recommended to adopt the uniform and fixed conditions,such as illumination area,color and intensity(less than 100 W).