ABSTRACT
Until 1997 Spain was the European country with the highest incidence of AIDS, due mainly to transmission between users of injected drugs. Since early 1990 there has been a fall in the rate of diagnoses of HIV infection in the Spanish autonomous communities where this information is available, and in 2004 this rate was situated below that of several western European countries. New infections in users of intravenous drugs have declined, and although heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes, it has become the prime cause of new HIV infections. The rate of diagnoses of HIV has fallen in both the indigenous population and immigrants; however, demographic changes have meant an increase in the percentage of HIV diagnoses in immigrants. In homosexual men there have been descriptions of a recent increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonococcus, which are a warning of possible increases in the transmission of HIV in this group. The number of people who live with HIV in Spain remains between 100,000 and 150,000 (2.4 to 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitants). In spite of the improvement in prognosis due to antiretroviral treatments, there are annually in Spain over 2,000 cases of AIDS (4.8 per 100,000 inhabitants) and over 1,600 deaths from AIDS (3.8 per 100,000). One third of the people who developed AIDS in 2004 had not until then been diagnosed with HIV, which prevented starting the antiretroviral treatment in time.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/mortality , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Adolescent , Adult , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Bisexuality , Child , Cohort Studies , Emigration and Immigration , Female , Forecasting , HIV Infections/drug therapy , HIV Infections/mortality , HIV Infections/transmission , Heterosexuality , Homosexuality, Male , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Male , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , Prognosis , Risk Factors , Risk-Taking , Spain/epidemiology , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complicationsABSTRACT
España fue hasta 1997 el país europeo con mayor incidencia de sida, debido principalmente a la transmisión entre usuarios de drogas inyectadas. Desde principios de 1990 ha disminuido la tasa de diagnósticos de infección por el VIH en las comunidades autónomas españolas que disponen de esta información, y en 2004 esta tasa se situó por debajo de la de varios países de Europa occidental. Han disminuido las nuevas infecciones en usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral, y aunque la transmisión heterosexual no ha sufrido cambios importantes, ha pasado a ser la primera causa de las nuevas infecciones por VIH. La tasa de diagnósticos de VIH ha disminuido tanto en población autóctona como en inmigrantes; no obstante, los cambios demográficos hacen que crezca el porcentaje de diagnósticos de VIH de inmigrantes. En hombres homosexuales se han descrito aumentos recientes en la incidencia de sífilis y gonococia que alertan sobre posibles ascensos en la transmisión del VIH en este colectivo. El número de personas que viven con el VIH en España se mantiene entre 100.000 y 150.000 (2,4 a 3,6 por 1.000 habitantes). A pesar de la mejora en el pronóstico debida a los tratamientos antirretrovirales, en España se producen todavía más de 2.000 casos de sida (4,8 por 100.000 habitantes) y más de 1.600 muertes por sida anuales (3,8 por 100.000 habitantes). Un tercio de las personas que debutaron con sida en 2004 no habían sido diagnosticadas de VIH hasta entonces, lo que impidió iniciar el tratamiento antirretroviral a tiempo
Until 1997 Spain was the European country with the highest incidence of AIDS, due mainly to transmission between users of injected drugs. Since early 1990 there has been a fall in the rate of diagnoses of HIV infection in the Spanish autonomous communities where this information is available, and in 2004 this rate was situated below that of several western European countries. New infections in users of intravenous drugs have declined, and although heterosexual transmission has not undergone significant changes, it has become the prime cause of new HIV infections. The rate of diagnoses of HIV has fallen in both the indigenous population and immigrants; however, demographic changes have meant an increase in the percentage of HIV diagnoses in immigrants. In homosexual men there have been descriptions of a recent increase in the incidence of syphilis and gonococcus, which are a warning of possible increases in the transmission of HIV in this group. ;;The number of people who live with HIV in Spain remains between 100,000 and 150,000 (2.4 to 3.6 per 1,000 inhabitants). In spite of the improvement in prognosis due to antiretroviral treatments, there are annually in Spain over 2,000 cases of AIDS (4.8 per 100,000 inhabitants) and over 1,600 deaths from AIDS (3.8 per 100,000). One third of the people who developed AIDS in 2004 had not until then been diagnosed with HIV, which prevented starting the antiretroviral treatment in time