ABSTRACT
A deep penetrating tumor was removed from the medial lid angle with a carbon dioxide laser knife for palliative reasons. After an early recurrence, which was also removed with the laser knife, we observed a satisfactory healing per secundam intentionem. After carbon dioxide laser excision no plastic covering is necessary. This quick and easy method is especially advantageous for patients with a bad compliance.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/surgery , Eyelid Neoplasms/surgery , Laser Therapy , Palliative Care , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , ReoperationABSTRACT
Choosing the proper artificial lens can be a problem, especially for the young surgeons, considering the fact that the "market" is so rich in possibilities. The present paper analyses the lens according to their dimension, form and material, in a perspective based on personal experience.
Subject(s)
Lenses, Intraocular/standards , Humans , Lenses, Intraocular/statistics & numerical dataSubject(s)
Diosmin/administration & dosage , Flavonoids/administration & dosage , Venous Insufficiency/drug therapy , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chronic Disease , Diosmin/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Female , Flavonoids/adverse effects , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Placebos , Tablets , Time Factors , Venous Insufficiency/bloodABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether routinely collected data from partner notification for HIV infection could be used to study HIV epidemiology. The issues addressed were measures of contact patterns and behaviour change, variables influencing transmission risks, and indications of HIV incidence. DESIGN: We collected anonymous questionnaire data from all partner notifications performed from seropositive patients diagnosed in Sweden between 1 January 1989 and 30 June 1990. METHOD: A structured questionnaire was completed by the physician or counsellor interviewing newly diagnosed seropositive patients and counselling their reported partners. The questions focused on temporal and behavioural aspects of all contacts between index patients and partners. RESULTS: Questionnaires were completed for 365 of the 403 (91%) index patients diagnosed during the study period, for 350 of the 390 (90%) located partners, and for 274 of the 297 (92%) relationships where results of HIV testing were known for index patient and partner. Seropositive individuals diagnosed in 1989 or later reported less risk behaviour than those diagnosed earlier. Risk of transmission in sexual contact increased when the infectious partner developed symptoms of HIV infection. Anal intercourse was found to be approximately twice as infectious as vaginal, and transmission risk from a seropositive insertive partner approximately twice as high as from a receptive. The total HIV incidence in Sweden appears to be declining, as does the number of newly diagnosed infected homosexual men. CONCLUSION: Carefully collected data acquired from a partner notification programme are well suited to describe and follow the epidemiology of HIV infection.
Subject(s)
Contact Tracing , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Sexual Behavior , Sexual Partners , Female , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Incidence , Male , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Since 1985, partner notification has been part of Swedish policy to prevent the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Potentially infected partners of a newly diagnosed seropositive patient are notified either by the index patient or by the physician and referred for counselling. The efficacy of this strategy was assessed over 18 months in 1989-90. 365 HIV-seropositive index patients (91% of the 403 patients diagnosed in Sweden during the study period) reported 564 sexual or needle-sharing contacts. 390 contacts were located and counselled and HIV test results are known for 350 of them. In 53 of the 350 cases, previously unknown seropositivity was diagnosed. Partner notification for HIV should be viewed as a strategy to offer counselling and testing to a high-prevalence group of people. In a country where general HIV prevalence is low, the strategy is cost-effective for location and counselling of unknowingly seropositive individuals.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Contact Tracing/methods , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Confidentiality , Contact Tracing/economics , Contact Tracing/statistics & numerical data , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Counseling/economics , Female , HIV Seropositivity/diagnosis , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Needle Sharing/statistics & numerical data , Program Evaluation , Sexual Behavior , Sweden , Voluntary ProgramsSubject(s)
Communicable Disease Control/methods , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Male , Program Evaluation , SwedenABSTRACT
Transconjunctival cryocoagulation was performed on 38 eyes of 21 premature infants. The eyes were in stages 2-4 of retinopathy of prematurity. In stage 2 cryocoagulation was performed only if there were hemorrhages and/or a dilatation of the retinal vessels or (once) a rubeosis iridis. Cryocoagulation in stage 2, often considered superfluous, was effective in every case, but in stage 3 it was ineffective in many cases.
