Juvenile xanthogranuloma as a differential diagnosis for sellar and suprasellar lesions in child: Case report and review of literature.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Its systemic form affects 4% of patients. Lesions in the Central Nervous System (CNS) occur in 2% of systemic cases. Sellar JXG should be one of the differential diagnoses for sellar lesions in young. This is a 15-year-old patient with non-specific headache, progressive visual loss and magnetic resonance imaging showing sellar lesion with suprasellar extension. The patient underwent microsurgery by pterional craniotomy with partial resection of the tumor. Pathology evidenced JXG. It progressively evolved with impairment of neuroendocrine functions, new lesions in different CNS locations and death two years after diagnosis. Sellar JXG without cutaneous manifestations is rare. There are no specific findings of the disease. Diagnosis requires additional tests, being defined by pathological analysis. Total resection presents a greater potential control comparing to partial resection. Even so, some patients may have progressive disease with poor clinical outcome.

Effects of eccentric exercise on muscle architecture in adults: a systematic review / Efectos del ejercicio excéntrico en la arquitectura muscular en adultos: una revisión sistemática

SUMMARY: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effects of eccentric training on muscle architecture in the adult population. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements were followed using keywords associated with architecture muscular and eccentric training. Four databases were used: PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. A total of 1260 articles were retrieved, 18 included in this review. The parameters most frequently evaluated in the studies consulted were pennation angle (PA), fascicle length (FL), and muscle thickness (MT). These were assessed mainly in lower limb muscles such as biceps femoris long head (BFlh), vastus lateralis (VL), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG), respectively. Eccentric training for at least four weeks generates adaptations in these parameters, mainly by increasing MT with FL and decreasing PA, determining muscle function. These results provide evidence on the effects of eccentric training on muscle architecture, which could be helpful to prevent injuries and favor muscle recovery processes.

RESUMEN: El propósito de esta revisión sistemática fue determinar los efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico sobre la arquitectura muscular en la población adulta. Se siguieron las recomendaciones del Ìtems de referencia para publicar Revisiones Sistemáticas y Metaanálisis (PRISMA) utilizando palabras clave asociadas con la arquitectura muscular y el entrenamiento excéntrico en cuatro bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus y Web of Science. La calidad metodológica se evaluó mediante la escala PEDro. Se encontró un total de 1260 artículos, del los cuales, 18 fueron incluidos en esta revisión. Los parámetros más frecuentemente evaluados en los estudios fueron el ángulo de penación (AP), la longitud del fascículo (LF) y el grosor muscular (Gm). Estos fueron evaluados principalmente en músculos de los miembros inferiores como la cabeza larga del bíceps femoral (CLBf), el vasto lateral (VL), el gastrocnemio medial (GM) y el gastrocnemio lateral (GL), respectivamente. El entrenamiento excéntrico durante al menos cuatro semanas genera adaptaciones en estos parámetros, principalmente aumentando el GM con la LF y disminuyendo el AP, determinando de esta manera la función muscular. Estos resultados aportan evidencias sobre los efectos del entrenamiento excéntrico en la arquitectura muscular, que podrían ser útiles para prevenir lesiones y favorecer los procesos de recuperación muscular.

Efficacy and safety of a simplified SBRT regimen for central and peripheral lung tumours.

BACKGROUND: Evaluate the safety, toxicity and efficacy of an institutional-simplified SBRT protocol with two short SBRT regimens (three or five fractions) for the treatment of lung cancer and oligometastases, according to the volume and localization of tumours. METHODS: Patients with stage I (T1 or T2) non-small cell lung cancer or lung oligometastases were treated from August 2011 to October 2015. Patients were required to be considered medically inoperable and were discussed in a multidisciplinary team. RESULTS: 100 patients were analysed, 59 had a peripheral location (P), and 41 a central location (C).All patients finished their SBRT course without interruptions related to acute toxicity. The most frequent acute toxicity was grade 1 asthenia, only one patient developed grade 3 toxicity (pneumonitis) and there were no grade 4 or 5 acute toxicities. Three asymptomatic radiation-induced rib fractures were identified, the 1 and 2-year rib fracture-free survival were 97% and 94%, respectively. Two-year progression-free survival and 2-year overall survival of all patients were 52% and 70%, respectively, with a median PFS and OS of 26 and 43 months. Survival free of local progression (SFLP) at 2 years was 89%. A higher PFS in primary lung cancer compared with metastatic tumours was observed, with a median of 35 months with 19 months (p = 0.01). However, no statistical difference was observed in terms of OS between both diseases. CONCLUSIONS: SBRT in lung cancer with three sessions for peripheral tumours and five sessions for central tumours may be safely delivered, with low morbidity.

En respuesta a «Manejo de la vía aérea en las unidades de cuidados intensivos» / Reply to "Airway management in intensive care units"

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Thyroid hormone resistance from newborns to adults: a Spanish experience.

OBJECTIVE: Thyroid hormone resistance (RTH ß) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by an altered response of target tissue to the action of thyroid hormone. Few studies on RTH ß have been carried out in southern European populations. We aimed to describe the clinical and genetic characteristics at the time of diagnosis in a Spanish cohort of patients with genetically confirmed RTH ß, with ages ranging from newborns to adults. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter study of 28 patients who were genetically confirmed as RTH ß. Clinical and biochemical data were collected from the reference centers, and the studied variables included age, sex, anthropometric data, clinical characteristics and biochemical results. In the Basque country, a simultaneous analysis of TSH and T4 is carried out in the program for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism. A molecular analysis of the thyroid hormone beta (THRB) gene was performed. RESULTS: The total cohort included 20 adults and eight pediatric patients (six newborns). Of the total, 5 (17.8%) were diagnosed by clinical characteristics (goiter, hypertension or tachycardia), 13 (46.4%) were analyzed in the context of a family study and 10 (35.7%) were diagnosed after obtaining an altered fT4 and/or TSH level in a biochemical analysis performed due to clinical symptoms unrelated to RTH ß. Four of the newborns included in the series were diagnosed by the result of neonatal screening, which allows us to estimate a minimum local incidence of RTH ß of 1/18,750 live newborns. The genetic analysis showed the presence of 12 different heterozygous mutations in the THRB gene. CONCLUSIONS: We report the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Spanish RTH ß cohort, from neonates to adults. We also describe one novel mutation in the THRB gene as the cause of the disease. The simultaneous analysis of TSH and T4 carried out in the program for the screening of inborn errors of metabolism facilitates the early diagnosis of RTH ß in newborns and has allowed us to estimate a minimum local incidence of RTH of 1/18,750 live newborns.

Encuesta nacional sobre el manejo de la vía aérea y la vía aérea difícil en las unidades de cuidados intensivos / National survey on airway and difficult airway management in intensive care units

OBJETIVO: Conocer la organización, el manejo y la formación en vía aérea (VA) en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) españolas, con especial interés en la vía aérea difícil (VAD). DISEÑO: Estudio transversal descriptivo y subanálisis con χ2, elaborado mediante una encuesta nacional realizada del 1 de noviembre al 15 de diciembre de 2016. Con el aval de la SEMICYUC, se envió a 179 UCI un cuestionario online con 27 apartados. Ámbito: UCI de hospitales públicos, privados y consorcios. RESULTADOS: Responden 101 UCI (56,4%), que suponen 1.827 camas y casi 95.000 ingresos/año. El 85,1% son hospitales públicos, y el 83,2%, con residentes. El 22,8% no utilizan rutinariamente escalas de valoración de VA, siendo la más frecuente la asociación Cormack-Mallampati (35,6%). El 77,2% no tienen protocolo de intubación (IOT), ni el 75,2% protocolo de VAD. El 82,2% tienen carro de VAD. El 48,5% refieren formación en IOT, y el 53,5%, en VAD. Identificar a un experto en VAD se asocia significativamente con mayor formación en IOT (60% vs. 39,3%; p = 0,03), VAD (64,4% vs. 44,6%; p = 0,04) y más protocolos de VA (73,4% vs. 37,5%; p = 0,000). El 99% estima necesario disponer de una guía específica de manejo de VAD en UCI. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un amplio margen de mejora para el manejo de la VA. Es necesario identificar un experto en VAD en cada unidad y elaborar una guía específica de manejo de VAD en el paciente crítico

OBJECTIVE: To know organization, management and training in airway (AW) in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs), with special interest in difficult airway (DAW). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study and χ2 subanalysis, conducted through a national survey from november 1th to december 15th, 2016. With the SEMICYUC's support, an online questionnaire of 27 items was sent to 179 ICUs. SETTING: ICUs of public, private centers, and consortia. RESULTS: In total, 101 units responded (56.4%), corresponding to 1,827 beds and almost 95,000 incomes/year. The 85.1% are public hospitals, and 83.2% had residents. Of the responders, 22.8% don't use routinely AW assessment scales, being the most frequently used the Cormack-Mallampati association (35.6%). There's not intubation (IOT) protocol in 77.2%, nor DAW protocol in 75.2%. An 82.2% have a DAW cart. The 48.5% have training in IOT, and in VAD 53.5%. Having a DAW expert is significantly associated with greater training in IOT (60% vs. 39.3%; P=.03), DAW (64.4% vs. 44.6%; P=.04), and more AW protocols (73.4% vs. 37.5%; P=.000). Having an specific guideline for DAW management in UCI is considered necessary in 99%. CONCLUSIONS: There is room for improvement in AW management. It's necessary to identify an expert in DAW in each Unit, and the development of an specific guideline for DAW management in critical care

Prevalencia y tipología de pacientes susceptibles de cuidados paliativos fallecidos en el domicilio / Prevalence and typology of patients susceptible of palliative care deceased at home

Fundamento: La identificación de pacientes susceptibles de cuidados paliativos (SCP) en la comunidad es fundamental para mejorar su manejo clínico. El objetivo fue comparar, globalmente y por sexo, la tipología de enfermedad de los pacientes SCP y de los identificados como tales. Método: Estudio trasversal de la población de la ciudad de Málaga fallecida en el domicilio durante 2015. Se estudió la asociación entre el tipo de paciente (SCP o identificado como paliativo por inclusión en el Proceso Asistencial Integrado de CP, PAI-CP) y la edad, sexo y tipo de enfermedad, mediante Chi-cuadrado y t de student. Resultados: De los 950 fallecidos, 417 (43,9%) eran SCP y 277 de ellos (66,4%) estaban identificados como tales. Los hombres predominaron en ambas poblaciones (55,6 y 59,9%, respectivamente, p=0,26), de edad media 78,6 y 76,2 años (p=0,01). Las patologías más frecuentes en población SCP fueron cáncer (61,9%), demencias y Alzheimer (19,9%), enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) (6,2%) e insuficiencia cardiaca (4,1%). La proporción de pacientes identificados fue significativamente mayor para cáncer (86,8%) y menor para demencias y Alzheimer (20,5%), EPOC (38,4%) y Parkinson (0,4% de 2,9%). Las mujeres SCP padecían significativamente menos cáncer y EPOC y más demencias. La población incluida en el PAI-CP no mostro diferencias de patología por sexo. Conclusiones: Casi la mitad de fallecidos en domicilio eran SCP, aunque solo 66,4% de los mismos fueron identificados. El cáncer, más frecuente en hombres, fue la enfermedad mas prevalente y frecuentemente identificada, mientras que el 80% de la población con demencia, predominante en mujeres, murió sin ser identificada como paliativa

Background: Identification of patients susceptible to palliative care (SPC) in the community is essential for improving their clinical management. The objective is to explore the SPC population and their typology of illness, according to sex. Methods: Cross-sectional study, performed on the population of Malaga who died at home during 2015. Association between type of patient (SCP or identified as palliative by inclusion in the integrated care process (ICP)). Age, sex and type of disease were analyzed with Chi square and t-Student’s test. Results: Of 950 patients attended to after dying at home, 417 (43.9%) were SCP and, of them, 277 (66,4%) were included in the ICP. Males were more frequent in both populations (55.6 and 59.9%, respectively, p=0,26), with mean ages 78.6 and 76.2, respectively (p=0.01). The most frequent diseases in SCP patients were: cancer (61.9%), dementia and Alzheimer (19.9%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (6.2%), and heart failure (4.1%). People with cancer were more frequently included in the ICP (86.8%), while those with dementia and Alzheimer, COPD and Parkinson were less frequently included (20.5%, 38.4% and 0.4% respectively). By sex, men suffered more from cancer and women from dementia. Percentage of inclusion in ICP was similar for men and women, stratified by disease. Conclusions: Almost half of the people who died at home are SCP although only two out of three are identified as such. Cancer is the most frequent SCP disease and the easiest one to identify, largely affecting men. Three out of four people with dementia died without being identified as PC, and they are mainly women

[Prevalence and typology of patients susceptible of palliative care deceased at home]. / Prevalencia y tipología de pacientes susceptibles de cuidados paliativos fallecidos en el domicilio.

BACKGROUND: Identification of patients susceptible to palliative care (SPC) in the community is essential for improving their clinical management. The objective is to explore the SPC population and their typology of illness, according to sex. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, performed on the population of Malaga who died at home during 2015. Association between type of patient (SCP or identified as palliative by inclusion in the integrated care process (ICP)). Age, sex and type of disease were analyzed with Chi square and t-Student's test. RESULTS: Of 950 patients attended to after dying at home, 417 (43.9%) were SCP and, of them, 277 (66,4%) were included in the ICP. Males were more frequent in both populations (55.6 and 59.9%, respectively, p=0,26), with mean ages 78.6 and 76.2, respectively (p=0.01). The most frequent diseases in SCP patients were: cancer (61.9%), dementia and Alzheimer (19.9%), chronic ob-structive pulmonary disease (COPD) (6.2%) and heart failure (4.1%). People with cancer were more frequently included in the ICP (86.8%), while those with dementia and Alzheimer, COPD and Parkinson were less frequently included (20.5, 38.4 and 0.4% respectively). By sex, men suffered more from cancer and women from dementia. Percentage of inclusion in ICP was similar for men and women, stratified by disease. CONCLUSIONS: Almost half of the people who died at home are SCP although only two out of three are identified as such. Cancer is the most frequent SCP disease and the easiest one to identify, largely affecting men. Three out of four people with dementia died without being identified as PC, and they are mainly women.

National survey on airway and difficult airway management in intensive care units. / Encuesta nacional sobre el manejo de la vía aérea y la vía aérea difícil en las unidades de cuidados intensivos.

OBJECTIVE: To know organization, management and training in airway (AW) in Spanish Intensive Care Units (ICUs), with special interest in difficult airway (DAW). DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study and χ2 subanalysis, conducted through a national survey from november 1th to december 15th, 2016. With the SEMICYUC's support, an online questionnaire of 27 items was sent to 179 ICUs. SETTING: ICUs of public, private centers, and consortia. RESULTS: In total, 101 units responded (56.4%), corresponding to 1,827 beds and almost 95,000 incomes/year. The 85.1% are public hospitals, and 83.2% had residents. Of the responders, 22.8% don't use routinely AW assessment scales, being the most frequently used the Cormack-Mallampati association (35.6%). There's not intubation (IOT) protocol in 77.2%, nor DAW protocol in 75.2%. An 82.2% have a DAW cart. The 48.5% have training in IOT, and in VAD 53.5%. Having a DAW expert is significantly associated with greater training in IOT (60% vs. 39.3%; P=.03), DAW (64.4% vs. 44.6%; P=.04), and more AW protocols (73.4% vs. 37.5%; P=.000). Having an specific guideline for DAW management in UCI is considered necessary in 99%. CONCLUSIONS: There is room for improvement in AW management. It's necessary to identify an expert in DAW in each Unit, and the development of an specific guideline for DAW management in critical care.

Vaginal-cuff control and toxicity results of a daily HDR brachytherapy schedule in endometrial cancer patients

PURPOSE: To analyze the vaginal-cuff local control (VCC) and toxicity in postoperative endometrial carcinoma patients (EC) underwent high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) administered daily. Materials and methods: 154 consecutive patients received postoperative HDR-BT for EC from January 2007 to September 2011. FIGO-staging I-IIIC2 patients were divided into two groups according to risk classification: Group 1 (94/154) included high-risk or advanced disease patients and Group 2 (60/154) included intermediate-risk EC patients. Group 1 underwent external beam irradiation (EBI) plus HDR-BT (2 fractions of 5 Gy) and Group 2 underwent HDR-BT alone (4 fractions of 5 Gy). Toxicity evaluation was done with RTOG scores for bladder and rectum, and the objective criteria of LENT-SOMA for vagina. Results: With a median follow-up of 46.7 months (36.6-61 months) only two patients developed vaginal-cuff recurrence in Group 1 (2.1 %) and none in group 2 (0 %). Early toxicity in Group 1 appeared 5.3 % in rectum, 7.5 % in bladder (G1-G2) and 2.1 % in vagina (G1); late toxicity was present in 7.3 % in rectum (all G1-G2 but 1 G3) and in 27.7 % in vagina (all G1-G2 but one G4). In Group 2, 6.7 % developed acute G1-G2 bladder and 6.6 % acute vaginal (G1-G2) toxicity. No late rectal or bladder toxicity was observed; 21.7 % of G1-G2 presented late problems in vagina. Conclusions: The present HDR-BT schedule of 2 fractions of 5 Gy after EBI and 4 fractions of 5 Gy administered daily showed excellent results in terms of VCC and toxicity

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Análisis de la fabilidad inter-sesión de las medias para la fuerza, potencia y velocidad en la realización de test-retest para press de banca / Confabilidade de força, potência e velocidade em um teste-Retest de um supino / Reliability of force, power and velocity in a test-Retest of a bench press

El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la fiabilidad inter-sesión de las medidas de carga (kg), fuerza pico (N), fuerza media (N), potencia media (W), potencia pico (W), velocidad media (m*s-1) y velocidad pico (m*s- 1) obtenidas en tres niveles distintos de intensidades (carga inicial, máxima potencia y repetición máxima) y a través de un protocolo incremental en press de banca en máquina Smith.). Dieciséis participantes (12 hombres y 4 mujeres) realizaron un test incremental hasta llegar a la 1RM en dos ocasiones diferentes, con un mínimo de 48 horas de recuperación. Todas las variables fueron registradas mediante un transductor de posición lineal. La fiabilidad test-retest fue medida mediante el índice de correlación intraclase (ICC2,1), el error estándar de la medida (SEM) y las mínimo cambio detectable con un 95% de probabilidad (MCD95% ). Para la carga inicial (CI), máxima potencia (MP) y la repetición máxima (RM). Los resultados mostraron altos valores de ICC en 1RM (ICC2,1= 0,96, SEM= 3,2 kg y MD= 9,9 kg). La potencia y velocidad pico y media presentaron valores altos de ICC (0,91-0,98) en la CI y valores moderados-altos (ICC2,1= 0,52-0,89) en las intensidades de MP y RM. El protocolo incremental realizado posee una adecuada fiabilidad test-retest tanto para la 1RM como para el resto de variables analizadas (AU)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the reliability of intersession measurements of load (kg), peak force (N), mean force (N), mean power (W), peak power (W), average velocity (m * s-1) and peak velocity (m * s-1) obtained at three different levels of intensity (initial load, maximum power and maximum repetition) through an incremental protocol on bench press in a Smith machine. Sixteen healthy subjects (12 males and 4 females) participated in this study voluntarily. Subjects performed an incremental test to reach 1RM on two separate occasions, with at least a 48-hour recovery. A linear position transducer was used to record mean and peak force, power and velocity. All variables were recorded using a customized software of the linear position transducer. The test-retest reliability was measured by the intraclass correlation index (ICC2,1), the standard error of measurement (SEM) and minimum detectable change with 95% probability (MCD95%) for the initial load (CI), maximum power (MP) and repetition maximum (RM). The reliability analysis showed high values in 1RM (ICC2,1 = 0.96, SEM = 3.2 kg and MD = 9,9 kg). Peak power and mean and peak velocity had high ICC values (0,91-0,98) in IL and moderate-high values (ICC2,1= 0,52-0,89) in the MP and 1RM loads. The incremental protocol performed has good reliability in 1RM as well as the rest of the variables calculated (AU)

O propósito deste estudo, foi analisar a finalidade inter-sessão das medidas de carga (kg), pico de força (N), força média (N), potência média (W), pico de potência (W), velocidade média (m*s-1) e pico de velocidade (m*s-1) obtidas em três níveis distintos de intensidades (carga inicial, potência máxima e repetição máxima) através de um protocolo incremental em supino plano na máquina smith. Dezesseis sujeitos (12 homens e 4 mulheres) participaram no estudo de forma voluntária. Os participantes realizaram o teste incremental até atingirem 1RM em duas ocasiões diferentes, com um intervalo mínimo de 48 horas de recuperação. Todas as variáveis foram registadas mediante um transdutor de posição linear. A fiabilidade foi medida com base no teste-reteste do índice de correlação intra-classe (ICC2,1), erro padrão de medição (SEM) diferença mínima detectável, com 95% de probabilidade (MDC95% ) para a carga inicial (CI), potência máxima (MP) e repetição máxima (RM). Os resultados apresentam altos valores de ICC no 1RM (ICC2,1= 0.96, SEM= 3,2 kg e MD= 9.9 kg). A potência e a velocidade máxima apresentaram valores altos de ICC (0.91-0.98) na CI e valores moderados-altos (ICC2,1= 0.52-0.89) nas intensidades de MP e RM. O protocolo incremental realizado apresenta uma adequada fiabilidade teste-reteste tanto para 1RM como para as restantes variáveis analisadas (AU)

Numerical method to digital photoelasticity using plane polariscope.

This research aims to find a new way to get the intensity equations for the phase-shifting model in digital photoelasticity. The procedure is based on the rotation of the analyzer itself. From the intensity equations, the isoclinic and isochromatic equations parameters are deduced by applying a new numerical technique. This approach can be done to calculate how many images allow the resolution of the polariscope. Each image indicates the stress forces in the object. In this study the plane polariscope was used. The amount of images will determinate the number of errors and uncertainties of the study, due to the observation that the veracity of the equations increases considerably with a large amout of images. Several analyses are performed with different amounts of photographic images. The results showed the possibility to measure stress forces with high precision using plane polariscopes.

Multiple detectors "Influence Method".

The "Influence Method" is conceived for the absolute determination of a nuclear particle flux in the absence of known detector efficiency and without the need to register coincidences of any kind. This method exploits the influence of the presence of one detector in the count rate of another detector, when they are placed one behind the other and define statistical estimators for the absolute number of incident particles and for the efficiency (Rios and Mayer, 2015a). Its detailed mathematical description was recently published (Rios and Mayer, 2015b) and its practical implementation in the measurement of a moderated neutron flux arising from an isotopic neutron source was exemplified in (Rios and Mayer, 2016). With the objective of further reducing the measurement uncertainties, in this article we extend the method for the case of multiple detectors placed one behind the other. The new estimators for the number of particles and the detection efficiency are herein derived.

Vaginal-cuff control and toxicity results of a daily HDR brachytherapy schedule in endometrial cancer patients.

PURPOSE: To analyze the vaginal-cuff local control (VCC) and toxicity in postoperative endometrial carcinoma patients (EC) underwent high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) administered daily. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 154 consecutive patients received postoperative HDR-BT for EC from January 2007 to September 2011. FIGO-staging I-IIIC2 patients were divided into two groups according to risk classification: Group 1 (94/154) included high-risk or advanced disease patients and Group 2 (60/154) included intermediate-risk EC patients. Group 1 underwent external beam irradiation (EBI) plus HDR-BT (2 fractions of 5 Gy) and Group 2 underwent HDR-BT alone (4 fractions of 5 Gy). Toxicity evaluation was done with RTOG scores for bladder and rectum, and the objective criteria of LENT-SOMA for vagina. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 46.7 months (36.6-61 months) only two patients developed vaginal-cuff recurrence in Group 1 (2.1 %) and none in group 2 (0 %). Early toxicity in Group 1 appeared 5.3 % in rectum, 7.5 % in bladder (G1-G2) and 2.1 % in vagina (G1); late toxicity was present in 7.3 % in rectum (all G1-G2 but 1 G3) and in 27.7 % in vagina (all G1-G2 but one G4). In Group 2, 6.7 % developed acute G1-G2 bladder and 6.6 % acute vaginal (G1-G2) toxicity. No late rectal or bladder toxicity was observed; 21.7 % of G1-G2 presented late problems in vagina. CONCLUSIONS: The present HDR-BT schedule of 2 fractions of 5 Gy after EBI and 4 fractions of 5 Gy administered daily showed excellent results in terms of VCC and toxicity.