Behavior of cortisol, ck and lactate in a session of variable resistance / Comportamento do cortisol, cq e lactato em uma sessão de resistência variável / Comportamiento del cortisol, ck y lactato en una sesión de resistencia variable

ABSTRACT Introduction: Complex Training (CT) has been used to achieve Post-activation Potentiation (PAP) of physical capabilities and, in doing so, improve the sports performance of athletes. However, few studies have considered alterations in serum Cortisol, Metabolic Creatine Kinase (MB-CK), Total Creatine Kinase (Total-CK), and Lactate concentrations ([La]) resulting from this training method. Objective: This study determined the behavior of the following blood serum substances in a CT session: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total CK and [La]. Method: Ten military athlete volunteers aged 28.5 ± 4.8 years; 66.2 ± 2.8 kg, 171.4 ± 3.7 cm, 22.6 ± 1.2 kg/m2; 11.3 ± 2.9% of fat tissue took part in the study. The study had a quasi-experimental, intrasubject design. The variable measurements were: Cortisol, MB-CK, Total-CK, and [La], measured before physical exercise and 24 hours post-stress. The CT session consisted of: four series of five repetitions at 30% of 1RM, plus four repetitions at 60% of 1RM, plus three throws of a 575 g projectile, 15 seconds apart. The statistical analysis was carried out through repeated measure ANOVA for Lactate and a Wilcoxon Matched Pairs t-Test for Cortisol, MB-CK and Total-CK. Results: There was no evidence of alterations in the indicators for fatigue ([La] p = 0.36), and muscular injury (Cortisol p = 0.16; MB-CK p = 0.23; Total-CK p = 0.64) after the training sessions. Conclusion: Variables for muscular injury showed no evidence of alterations 24 hours after the CT sessions, hence confirming that the workload did not generate significant post-stress muscular injury. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic Study: Investigating Treatment Results.

RESUMO Introdução: Os exercícios de Resistência Variável (RV) têm sido utilizados para aumentar a potencialização pós-ativação (PPA) das habilidades físicas e, com isso, melhorar o desempenho desportivo dos atletas, mas poucos estudos se referem às alterações sanguíneas do Cortisol, Creatina Quinase Metabólica (CQ-MB), Creatina Quinase Total (CQ-Total) e concentrações de Lactato ([La]), que provocam esse método de treinamento. Objetivo: Este estudo avaliou o comportamento sanguíneo do Cortisol, CQ-MB, CQ-Total e [La] em um treinamento de RV. Métodos: Dez atletas militares voluntários com 28,5 ± 4,8 anos; 66,2 ± 2,8 Kg; 171,4 ± 3,7 cm; 22,6 ± 1,2 Kg/m2 e 11,3 ± 2,9% de tecido adiposo fizeram parte do estudo. O projeto foi quase experimental intra-sujeito. As medidas variáveis foram: Cortisol, CQ-MB, CQ-Total e [La], medidos antes e 24 horas após o esforço. O treinamento de intervenção com RV consistia em: quatro séries de cinco repetições de 30% de 1RM, mais quatro repetições de 60% de 1 RM, mais três lançamentos de um projetil de 575g, separados por 15 segundos. A análise estatística foi realizada através de médias repetidas ANOVA para Lactato e um Teste t de Wilcoxon Matched para o Cortisol, CQ-MB e CQ-Total. Resultados: Aplicado o treinamento, não foram evidenciadas alterações nos indicadores de fadiga ([La] p = 0,36) e lesão muscular (Cortisol p = 0,16; MB-CQ p = 0,23; CQ-Total p = 0,64). Conclusão: O treinamento com RV não apresentou alterações nas variáveis de lesão muscular após 24 horas da sua aplicação, isso garante que as cargas de trabalho não gerem lesões musculares significativas pós-esforço. Nível de Evidência I; Estudo terapéutico: Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: La Resistencia Variable (VR) es un método de entrenamiento que ha sido utilizado para conseguir Potenciación Post Activación de las capacidades físicas y, con esto, mejorar el rendimiento deportivo de atletas, no obstante, pocos estudios se refieren a las alteraciones sanguíneas de Cortisol, Metabolic Creatine Kinase (CK-MB), Creatine Kinase Total (CK-Total) y concentraciones de Lactato ([La]) que este método provoca. Objetivo: Este estudio determinó el comportamiento sanguíneo del Cortisol, CK-MB, CK-Total y [La] en una sesión de VR. Método: Diez atletas militares voluntarios con 28,5 ± 4,8 años, 66,2 ± 2,8 Kg, 171,4 ± 3,7 cm, 22,6 ± 1,2 Kg/m2; 11,3 ± 2,9% de tejido graso, fueron parte del estudio. El diseño fue cuasi experimental intrasujeto. Las variables medidas fueron: Cortisol, CK-MB, CK-Total y [La], evaluadas 24 horas antes y 24 horas post esfuerzo. La sesión de intervención con VR consistió en: cuatro series de cinco repeticiones al 30% de 1RM más cuatro repeticiones al 60% de 1 RM más tres lanzamientos de un proyectil de 575 g separadas por 15 segundos. El análisis estadístico fue realizado a través de una ANOVA de medias repetidas para el Lactato y con un Test t de Wilcoxon Matched para el Cortisol, CK-MB y CK-Total. Resultados: Aplicado el tratamiento no se evidenciaron alteraciones en los indicadores de daño muscular (Cortisol p = 0,16; MB-CK p = 0,23; CK-Total p = 0,64) ni fatiga ([La] p = 0,36). Conclusiones: El tratamiento con VR no dejó en evidencia alteraciones en las variables de daño muscular a 24 horas de su aplicación, asegurando que las cargas de trabajo no generan daño muscular significativo post esfuerzo. Nivel de Evidencia I; Estudio terapéutico: Investigación de los resultados de un tratamiento.

Effect of two complex training protocols of back squats in blood indicators of muscular damage in military athletes.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the variations in the blood muscular damage indicators post application of two complex training programs for back squats. [Subjects and Methods] Seven military athletes were the subjects of this study. The study had a quasi-experimental cross-over intra-subject design. Two complex training protocols were applied, and the variables to be measured were cortisol, metabolic creatine kinase, and total creatine kinase. For the statistical analysis, Student's t-test was used. [Results] Twenty-four hours post effort, a significant decrease in cortisol level was shown for both protocols; however, the metabolic creatine kinase and total creatine kinase levels showed a significant increase. [Conclusion] Both protocols lowered the indicator of main muscular damage in the blood supply (cortisol). This proved that the work weight did not generate significant muscular damage in the 24-hour post-exercise period.

Acute effect of a complex training protocol of back squats on 30-m sprint times of elite male military athletes.

[Purpose] The aim of this study was to determine the acute effect temporal of a complex training protocol on 30 meter sprint times. A secondary objective was to evaluate the fatigue indexes of military athletes. [Subjects and Methods] Seven military athletes were the subjects of this study. The variables measured were times in 30-meter sprint, and average power and peak power of squats. The intervention session with complex training consisted of 4 sets of 5 repetitions at 30% 1RM + 4 repetitions at 60% 1RM + 3 repetitions of 30 meters with 120-second rests. For the statistical analysis repeated measures of ANOVA was used, and for the post hoc analysis, student's t-test was used. [Results] Times in 30 meter sprints showed a significant reduction between the control set and the four experimental sets, but the average power and peak power of squats did not show significant changes. [Conclusion] The results of the study show the acute positive effect of complex training, over time, in 30-meter sprint by military athletes. This effect is due to the post activation potentiation of the lower limbs' muscles in the 30 meters sprint.