Antioxidant capacity, reproductive response and glucose concentration and insulin of ewes supplemented prior to insemination with orange residue / [Capacidade antioxidante, resposta reprodutiva e concentração de glicose e insulina de ovelhas suplementadas antes da inseminação com resíduo de laranja]

The objective was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin concentration and reproductive performance of ewes supplemented with orange residue prior to insemination. Fifty-five multiparous ewes were divided into two corrals, and 15 unbred ewes were kept individually to measure feed consumption. Two integral diets were administered; T0: control treatment and T1: with 20% of dry matter of orange residue. Ten days after the start of supplementation, the ewes were synchronized. Supplementation was finalized prior to artificial insemination, then, a blood sample was taken to measure the antioxidant capacity and glucose and insulin concentration. An analysis of variance was made to evaluate the effect of treatment on the antioxidant capacity, glucose and insulin; and to analyze the response to estrus, percentage of gestation and prolificity a ji squared test was performed. Of 9 antioxidant compounds found in the orange residue, hesperidin (7.44%), chlorogenic acid (0.50%) and protocatechuic acid had the highest concentration. Feed intake, estrus response, percentage of gestation, antioxidant capacity, and glucose and insulin concentration were not affected by the treatment. It is concluded that inclusion of 20% of orange residue in the diet prior to insemination in ewes is possible.(AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e insulina e o comportamento reprodutivo de ovelhas suplementadas com resíduo de laranja antes da inseminação. Cinquenta e cinco ovelhas multíparas foram divididas em dois currais e 15 ovelhas sem raça foram mantidas individualmente para se medir o consumo de ração. Duas dietas integrais foram administradas; T0: tratamento controle e T1: dieta com 20% de resíduo de laranja seco. Dias após o início da suplementação, as ovelhas foram sincronizadas. A suplementação foi finalizada antes da inseminação artificial e, em seguida, foi coletada uma amostra de sangue para medir a capacidade antioxidante e a concentração de glicose e insulina. Uma análise de variância foi feita para avaliar o efeito do tratamento sobre a capacidade antioxidante, a glicose e a insulina, e um teste do ji quadrado foi realizado para analisar a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação e de prolificidade. Dos nove compostos antioxidantes encontrados no resíduo laranja, a hesperidina (7,44%), o ácido clorogênico (0,50%) e o ácido protocatecuico foram os de maior concentração. O consumo alimentar, a resposta ao estro, a porcentagem de gestação, a capacidade antioxidante, a concentração de glicose e a insulina não foram afetados pelo tratamento. Conclui-se que é possível a inclusão de 20% de resíduos de laranja na dieta antes da inseminação em ovelhas.(AU)

Use of Tithonia diversifolia (hemsl) A. Gray in the diet of growing lambs / [Uso de tithonia diversifolia (hemsl) A. Gray na dieta de cordeiros em crescimento]

Two assays were conducted to study the Tithonia diversifolia (Td) plant: (1) chemical analysis and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of plant parts and (2) productive performance of lambs fed a traditional diet or a Td diet (30% of Td plus 70% of the traditional diet). The plant parts studied were leaves (L), leaves and petioles (LP); and leaves, petioles and stems (LPS). Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion were registered weekly during five weeks of experimentation. The L showed higher (P<0.05) crude protein content (26.7%) than LP and LPS (25.5 and 19.7%, respectively). Crude fiber (11.2%), neutral detergent fiber (45.4%), cellulose (16.9%) and hemicellulose (33.5%) were lower in L than in LP (12.5, 46.7, 18.0 and 35.7%, respectively) and LPS (22.6, 59.2, 27.0 and 43.5%, respectively). The L and LP showed the highest IVDMD (89.2 and 88.2%, respectively vs. 77.2% of LPS). The Td diet resulted in greater feed intake and weight gain and lower feed conversion than the traditional diet. Therefore, Tithonia diversifolia is a forage plant of good quality for lambs which does not affect the productive performance.(AU)

Dois ensaios foram realizados para estudar a planta de Tithonia diversifolia (Td): (1) análise química e digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS) de partes de plantas e (2) desempenho produtivo de cordeiros alimentados com dieta tradicional ou dieta Td (30% de Td mais 70% da dieta tradicional). As partes vegetais estudadas foram folhas (L), folhas e pecíolos (LP); folhas, pecíolos e caules (LPS). O consumo de ração, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar foram registrados semanalmente, durante cinco semanas de experimentação. O L apresentou maior (P<0,05) conteúdo de proteína bruta (26,7%) que o LP e o LPS (25,5 e 19,7%, respectivamente). Fibra bruta (11,2%), fibra em detergente neutro (45,4%), celulose (16,9%) e hemicelulose (33,5%) foram menores em L do que em LP (12,5, 46,7, 18,0 e 35,7%, respectivamente) e LPS (22,6, 59,2, 27,0 e 43,5%, respectivamente). O L e o LP apresentaram o maior DIVMS (89,2 e 88,2%, respectivamente vs. 77,2% do LPS). A dieta Td resultou em maior consumo de ração e maior ganho de peso e menor conversão alimentar que a dieta tradicional. Portanto, Tithonia diversifolia é uma planta forrageira de boa qualidade para cordeiros que não afeta o desempenho produtivo.(AU)

Productive response of hair ewes crossed with Damara and Dorper and growth of their lambs / Resposta produtiva de ovelhas de cabelo cruzado com Damara e Dorper e crescimento de seus cordeiros

Profitability of sheep production depends on the reproductive response of ewes and growth of their lambs, which can be improved through the ram genotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive response of Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katahdin (Kat) and Dorper (Dor) ewes crossed with Damara (Dam) and Dor rams and the growth of their offspring. To measure percentage of single and multiple lambings (MLP), 234 Bb, Pb, Kat and Dor ewes were used. To measure lamb growth, the offspring of 86 Bb x Pb (BbPb) ewes and 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR) ewes were used. Four Dor x BbPb, six Dam x BbPb and six Dam x KatDor lambs were slaughtered for carcass assessment. MLP was analyzed with the CATMOD procedure considering the factors age and breed. Lamb growth data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure, and those of carcass characteristics with the GLM procedure of SAS, using weight at slaughter as covariable. MLP was higher (P0.05) by effect of ram breed. It is concluded that Bb ewes are more prolific than Dor ewes; male lambs of Dam rams had post-weaning growth response and carcass yield similar to those of Dor rams, although the female lambs of Dor rams were heavier than those of Dam rams.

Rentabilidade da produção de ovinos depende da resposta reprodutiva de ovelhas e do crescimento de seus cordeiros, o que pode ser melhorado por meio do genótipo masculino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovinos Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katadin (Kat) e Dorper (Dor) e o crescimento de cordeiros com carneiros Damara (Dam) e Dor. Para medir a porcentagem de partos simples e múltiplas (MLP), foram utilizados 234 ovelhas Bb, PB, Kat e Dor. Para medir o crescimento dos cordeiros, foram utilizadas 86 ovelhas Bb x Pb (BbPb) e 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR). Quatro cordeiros Dor x BbPb, seis Dam x BbPb e seis Dam x KatDor foram sacrificados para avaliação de carcaça. MLP foi analisada com o procedimento CATMOD, considerando-se fatores como idade e raça. Dados de crescimento do cordeiro foram analisados com o procedimento MIXED, e as de características de carcaça com o procedimento GLM do SAS, utilizando-se peso ao sacrifício como covariável. MLP foi maior (P<0.05) em Bb do que em Dor. Os cordeiros Dor x BbPb foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no nascimento do que Dam x BbPb. Em partos simples e múltiplos, os cordeiros de ovelhas KatDor foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no momento do nascimento de cordeiros BbPb. As cordeiras de carneiros Dor apresentaram maior (P<0.05) ganho de peso após o desmame do que as de carneiros Dam. O rendimento de carcaça, a espessura da gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de corte primal não foram diferentes por efeito da raça de carneiro. Conclui-se que as ovelhas Bb são mais prolíficas do que as ovelhas Dor; cordeiros de carneiros Damara tiveram resposta de crescimento pós-desmame e rendimento de carcaça semelhantes aos dos carneiros Dor, embora Dorper cordeiras fossem mais pesadas do que as de Damara.

Productive response of hair ewes crossed with Damara and Dorper and growth of their lambs / Resposta produtiva de ovelhas de cabelo cruzado com Damara e Dorper e crescimento de seus cordeiros

Profitability of sheep production depends on the reproductive response of ewes and growth of their lambs, which can be improved through the ram genotype. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproductive response of Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katahdin (Kat) and Dorper (Dor) ewes crossed with Damara (Dam) and Dor rams and the growth of their offspring. To measure percentage of single and multiple lambings (MLP), 234 Bb, Pb, Kat and Dor ewes were used. To measure lamb growth, the offspring of 86 Bb x Pb (BbPb) ewes and 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR) ewes were used. Four Dor x BbPb, six Dam x BbPb and six Dam x KatDor lambs were slaughtered for carcass assessment. MLP was analyzed with the CATMOD procedure considering the factors age and breed. Lamb growth data were analyzed with the MIXED procedure, and those of carcass characteristics with the GLM procedure of SAS, using weight at slaughter as covariable. MLP was higher (P<0.05) in Bb than in Dor. The Dor x BbPb lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than Dam x BbPb. Of the lambs from single and multiple births, the KatDor lambs were heavier (P<0.05) at birth than BbPb lambs. The female lambs of Dor rams had higher (P<0.05) weight gain after weaning than those of Dam rams. Carcass dressing, subcutaneous fat, and primal cut yield were not different (P>0.05) by effect of ram breed. It is concluded that Bb ewes are more prolific than Dor ewes; male lambs of Dam rams had post-weaning growth response and carcass yield similar to those of Dor rams, although the female lambs of Dor rams were heavier than those of Dam rams.(AU)

Rentabilidade da produção de ovinos depende da resposta reprodutiva de ovelhas e do crescimento de seus cordeiros, o que pode ser melhorado por meio do genótipo masculino. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho reprodutivo de ovinos Blackbelly (Bb), Pelibuey (Pb), Katadin (Kat) e Dorper (Dor) e o crescimento de cordeiros com carneiros Damara (Dam) e Dor. Para medir a porcentagem de partos simples e múltiplas (MLP), foram utilizados 234 ovelhas Bb, PB, Kat e Dor. Para medir o crescimento dos cordeiros, foram utilizadas 86 ovelhas Bb x Pb (BbPb) e 73 Kat x Dor (KatDOR). Quatro cordeiros Dor x BbPb, seis Dam x BbPb e seis Dam x KatDor foram sacrificados para avaliação de carcaça. MLP foi analisada com o procedimento CATMOD, considerando-se fatores como idade e raça. Dados de crescimento do cordeiro foram analisados com o procedimento MIXED, e as de características de carcaça com o procedimento GLM do SAS, utilizando-se peso ao sacrifício como covariável. MLP foi maior (P<0.05) em Bb do que em Dor. Os cordeiros Dor x BbPb foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no nascimento do que Dam x BbPb. Em partos simples e múltiplos, os cordeiros de ovelhas KatDor foram mais pesados (P<0.05) no momento do nascimento de cordeiros BbPb. As cordeiras de carneiros Dor apresentaram maior (P<0.05) ganho de peso após o desmame do que as de carneiros Dam. O rendimento de carcaça, a espessura da gordura subcutânea e o rendimento de corte primal não foram diferentes por efeito da raça de carneiro. Conclui-se que as ovelhas Bb são mais prolíficas do que as ovelhas Dor; cordeiros de carneiros Damara tiveram resposta de crescimento pós-desmame e rendimento de carcaça semelhantes aos dos carneiros Dor, embora Dorper cordeiras fossem mais pesadas do que as de Damara.(AU)

Intestinal parasites of Tolypeutes matacus, the most frequently consumed armadillo in the Chaco region.

The southern three-banded armadillo Tolypeutes matacus (Desmarest, 1804) is distributed from eastern Bolivia, south-west Brazil, the Gran Chaco of Paraguay and Argentina, and lives in areas with dry vegetation. This armadillo is one of the most frequently consumed species by people in this area. The objective of this work was test for zoonotic species among helminths in 12 intestinal tracts of T. matacus in a locality from the Argentinean Chaco (Chamical, La Rioja province). The parasites were studied with conventional parasite morphology and morphometrics, and prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance were calculated for each species encountered. In the small intestine, seven species of nematodes and two species of cestodes were identified. In the large intestine, two species of nematodes were recorded. We did not find zoonotic species but have added new host records. This study in the Chaco region thus contributes to growing knowledge of the parasite fauna associated with armadillo species in this region.

[Fifty feminine shades of domestic violence: time for doctors to get involved!]. / Cinquante nuances de violences domestiques au féminin: l'implication des médecins est essentielle.

Domestic violences are very common and constitute a criminal offence. Women are mainly victims but can also be perpetrators. Domestic violences have a major health impact on people, families and society. The primary care physician holds a major role in the targeted detection of domestic violences and their prevention. He must know their specificities and adapt his response according to the situations. This specific response does not prevent a rational approach: we propose to distinguish between different types of women's vulnerability. Management must involve an efficient network taking into account individual, family, community and social factors. In this context, use of regularly updated information from official websites is mandatory.

Carcass characteristics, physicochemical changes and oxidative stress indicators of meat from sheep fed diets with coffee pulp / Características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas e indicadores de estresse oxidativo de carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas com polpa de café

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P<0.05). The inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet did not alter the amount of crude protein or fat in meat or its oxidation and antioxidant capacity during refrigerated storage. However, the inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet decreased fat in the rumen and intestines, and thus increased the amount of usable meat.

Objetivou-se determinar características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas, capacidade antioxidante e de oxidação da carne de ovinos alimentados com polpa de café, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento foi realizado com 15 cordeiros Blackbelly com um peso médio de 22,86 ± 0,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: T0=dieta controle, T1=dieta com 8% de polpa de café e T2=dieta com polpa de café de 16%. Depois de 56 dias de engorda, cordeiros foram abatidos, e a carcaça avaliada. Inclusão de polpa de café de 16% na dieta aumentou o rendimento de carcaça de 48.19 para 50.83% e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos de 3.43 para 2.53% (P<0,05). A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta não alterou a proteína ou a gordura na carne nem a oxidação e a capacidade antioxidante durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de cordeiros diminui a gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos e aumenta a quantidade de carne na carcaça.

Carcass characteristics, physicochemical changes and oxidative stress indicators of meat from sheep fed diets with coffee pulp / Características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas e indicadores de estresse oxidativo de carne de ovinos alimentados com dietas com polpa de café

The purpose of this study was to determine how feeding sheep coffee pulp affects carcass characteristics and what changes occur in physicochemical, antioxidant capacity and oxidation of the meat during refrigerated storage. The experiment was carried out in 15 Blackbelly lambs weighing an average 22.86±0.76kg. The animals were assigned to three treatments: T0=control diet, T1=diet with 8% coffee pulp, and T2=diet with 16% coffee pulp. After fattening for 56 days, the sheep were slaughtered and the carcasses assessed. The inclusion of 16% coffee pulp in the diet increased carcass dressing from 48.19 to 50.83% and decreased the amount of fat in rumen and intestines from 3.43 to 2.53% (P<0.05). The inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet did not alter the amount of crude protein or fat in meat or its oxidation and antioxidant capacity during refrigerated storage. However, the inclusion of coffee pulp in the diet decreased fat in the rumen and intestines, and thus increased the amount of usable meat...

Objetivou-se determinar características de carcaça, alterações físico-químicas, capacidade antioxidante e de oxidação da carne de ovinos alimentados com polpa de café, durante o período de armazenamento refrigerado. O experimento foi realizado com 15 cordeiros Blackbelly com um peso médio de 22,86 ± 0,76kg. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos: T0=dieta controle, T1=dieta com 8% de polpa de café e T2=dieta com polpa de café de 16%. Depois de 56 dias de engorda, cordeiros foram abatidos, e a carcaça avaliada. Inclusão de polpa de café de 16% na dieta aumentou o rendimento de carcaça de 48.19 para 50.83% e diminuiu a quantidade de gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos de 3.43 para 2.53% (P<0,05). A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta não alterou a proteína ou a gordura na carne nem a oxidação e a capacidade antioxidante durante o armazenamento refrigerado. A inclusão de polpa de café na dieta de cordeiros diminui a gordura no rúmen e nos intestinos e aumenta a quantidade de carne na carcaça...

Principales marcadores moleculares utilizados para la identificación de Babesia bovis y Babesia bigemina / Principal molecular markers used to identify Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina

Este artículo describe los principales marcadores moleculares utilizados para la identificación de B. bovis y B. bigemina reportados en la literatura científica. Para ello se diseñó una revisión sistemática a partir de la aplicación de la estrategia metodológica PICO modificada con el objetivo de definir las secuencias nucleotídicas detectadas en los diferentes sitios geográficos y su utilidad diagnóstica. Se realizó una búsqueda avanzada con los términos “Babesia bovis” y “DNA” y “Babesia bigemina” y “DNA” en las bases de datos ScienceDirect, SpringerLink y PubMed que después de ser filtradas permitieron obtener un resultado total de 68 artículos originales. Tanto los artículos incluidos como los excluidos fueron almacenados en tablas, en las cuales se presenta la justificación de su condición dentro del estudio. A los 68 artículos seleccionados se les aplicó una evaluación con criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente definidos, de este modo, 21 artículos originales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y se incluyeron en el estudio. Se describe la utilidad de los marcadores moleculares referenciados en la literatura científica desde 1995 hasta el 2010: la subunidad pequeña RNAr, el gen citocromo b, gen msa-1 and msa-2c, el gen Bv, el factor de elongación alfa (EF-1α), el gen de la beta-Tubulina, SBP 1-2-3, y los RAP; su aplicación diagnóstica y su utilización en los diferentes sitios geográficos. Los marcadores moleculares utilizados para la detección de las babesias bovinas varían dependiendo de la región geográfica, grado de conservación genética y resultados de estudios previos que concluyen su utilidad diagnóstica.

Prevalencia del suicidio en la Región de Tarapacá, años 1990-2008 / Prevalence of suicide in the Region of Tarapacá, years 1990-2008

Hemos llevado a cabo un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo de las muertes de tipo suicida en Tarapacá, Chile, entre los años 1990 y 2008, obteniéndose interesantes datos acerca del comportamiento de este fenómeno en una zona extrema, con indicios de una compleja adaptación social y dificultades en la integración individual. En un total de 432 casos, por ejemplo, la tasa de suicidio varió de un 6,11 por 100.000 hab. en 1990 a 13,32 por 100.000 hab. en 2008; se observó que el suicidio fue más frecuente entre los 20 a 44 años, especialmente en hombres, con una proporción cercana a 6:1, siendo el mecanismo más utilizado el ahorcamiento, tanto entre hombres como mujeres. Otro punto interesante lo constituye el hecho de que la tasa de suicidio a partir de 1996 se duplica respecto a los años precedentes, excediendo las tasas de otras regiones del país, la tasa nacional de suicidio y la de muchos países de la región y de Europa, constituyéndose en la segunda causa de muerte violenta en la provincia, lo cual nos retrotrae al complejo fenómeno biopsicosocial involucrado en la génesis del suicidio.

We carried out an epidemiological descriptive study of suicidal type deaths in Tarapacá, Chile, between 1990 and 2008, collecting interesting information about the behavior of this phenomenon in an extreme zone, with indicators of a complex social adjustment and difficulties in individual integration. In a whole of 432 cases, for example, the rate of suicide changed from 6.11 for 100.000 hab. in 1990 to 13.32 for 100.000 hab. in 2008; we observe that the suicide was more frequent in ages between 20 to 44 years, especially in men with a nearby proportion of 6:1, being the mechanism most used in both sexes, the hanging. Another interesting point constitutes the fact that the rate of suicide from 1996 doubled in relation to previous years, exceeding the rates of other regions of the country, the national rate and the rate of many American countries and even some European countries, being constituted in the second cause of violent death in our province, which makes us think about the complex phenomenon biopsicosocial involved in the genesis of the suicide.

Comentarios a la comparación y concordancia de las ecuaciones de estimación de filtrado glomerular en el diagnóstico de enfermedad renalcrónica oculta / No disponible

No disponible

Why metallic surfaces with grooves a few nanometers deep and wide may strongly absorb visible light.

It is theoretically shown that nanometric silver lamellar gratings present very strong visible light absorption inside the grooves, leading to electric field enhancement of several orders of magnitude. It is due to the excitation of quasistatic surface plasmon polaritons with particular small penetration depth in the metal. This may explain the abnormal optical absorption observed a long time ago on almost flat Ag films. Surface enhanced Raman scattering in rough metallic films could also be due to the excitation of such quasistatic plasmon polaritons in grain boundaries or notches of the films.

Generation and control of hot spots on commensurate metallic gratings.

We study the light localization on commensurate arrangements of deep metallic sub-wavelength grooves. We theoretically show that as the degree of commensuration tends to an irrational number new light localization states are produced. These have properties close to that reported for hot spots on disordered surfaces and are not permitted for simple period gratings. Existence of these new resonances is experimentally provided in the infra-red region by reflectivity measurements performed on two commensurate samples with respectively two and three slits per period. Manipulations of these hot spots which can be controlled from far-field could be used for high sensitivity spectroscopy applications.

A comparison of the pharmacological properties of guinea-pig and human recombinant 5-HT4 receptors.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: 5-HT(4) receptor agonists are used therapeutically to treat disorders of reduced gastrointestinal motility. Since such compounds are evaluated in guinea-pigs, we cloned, expressed and pharmacologically characterized the guinea-pig 5-HT(4) and human 5-HT(4(b)) splice variant, which share 95% homology. The functional properties of guinea-pig 5-HT(4(b)) receptors were compared with native receptors in guinea-pig colon. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Membrane radioligand binding and whole cell cAMP accumulation assays were used to determine the affinities, potencies and intrinsic activities (IA). Contraction of the guinea-pig distal colon longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparation (LMMP) was monitored to evaluate functional activity. KEY RESULTS: pK(i) values for guinea-pig and human recombinant receptors, and guinea-pig striatum 5-HT(4) receptors, were in agreement, as were the potency and IA values for guinea-pig and human 5-HT(4) receptors expressed at a similar density ( approximately 0.2 pmol mg(-1) protein). Tegaserod was a potent (pEC(50)=8.4 and 8.7, respectively), full agonist at both guinea-pig and human 5-HT(4) receptors. In contrast, in the LMMP preparation, tegaserod was a potent, partial agonist (pEC(50)=8.2; IA=66%). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Close agreement between the pharmacological properties of guinea-pig and human 5-HT(4) receptors support the use of guinea-pig model systems for the identification of 5-HT(4) receptor therapeutics. However, the mechanisms underlying the different agonist properties of tegaserod in recombinant and isolated tissue preparations, and the extent to which these impact the clinical efficacy of tegaserod as a prokinetic agent, remain to be determined.

[Esophageal cancer in Hospital Rebagliati: experience of esophagus-stomach service 3 C-II]. / Cáncer de esófago en el Hospital Rebagliati: experiencia del servicio esófago estómago 3C-II.

OBJECTIVES: Establishing the clinical pathological characteristics of cancer of the esophagus of an insured population in our environment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this retrospective study , we studied 28 clinical histories of patients with a diagnosis of esophagus Cancer, who had been surgically treated at the Rebagliati Hospital, Service of Surgery 3C II, Lima-Perú from September 2002 to December 2005. Data were collected regarding : age ,gender, presentation symptoms , anatomic location of the tumor, regional lymphatic metastasis (N), distance metastasis (M), TNM staging, resecability, complications, mortality and histological type. RESULTS: According to age 64.5% (18/28 ) were more of the sixty years old and the 75% (21/28) were male. Distribution according to anatomic locations : 10.7% (3/28) were located at the esophagus cervical, 17.9% (5/28) in the upper esophagus chest, 35.7% (10/28) in the middle esophagus chest, 14.3% (4/28) in the lower esophagus chest and the 21.4% (6/28) in the abdominal esophagus. Excisions were performed on 57.1% ( 16/28), in 68.8% (11/16) of the excised patients the adventicia was affected, in 68.8% (11/16) the lymph node were affected. The mortality was 12.5% (2/16) and early complications were 81.3% (13/16). The histological type was epidermoid in 78.6% ( 22/28). CONCLUSIONS: At our Hospital there seems to be an increase in the frequency of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, but the type more frecuently is epidermoid.

Effects of an increase in time vs. frequency on cardiovascular parameters in chronic hemodialysis patients.

UNLABELLED: Cardiovascular mortality is still high and many risk factors are inadequately controlled in patients on conventional chronic hemodialysis. Recent studies on intensified treatment schedules by either increasing length or frequency of dialysis sessions have shown promising results with better control of blood pressure, reduction of left ventricular hypertrophy and easier control of calcium/phosphate metabolism. AIM: The present observational study compared the effect of different forms of "intensified dialysis treatment" i.e. either long nightly intermittent (LNHD, 3 x 7.5 - 8 h) or short daily dialysis sessions (DHD, 6 x 2.5 - 3 h) on cardiovascular parameters, phosphate and anemia control in comparison to standard treatment schedules (SHD, 3 x 4 - 5 h). METHODS: All patients stable on hemodialysis between 18 and 80 years of age and with either uncontrolled hypertension and/or left ventricular hypertrophy and/or frequent intradialytic hypotension, were asked to participate in intensified dialysis therapy by either LNHD or DHD. Patients not willing to change their dialysis regime were asked to participate as control group (SHD). Primary end point was 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, secondary end points were predialysis blood pressure, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and fractional shortening (FS), control of calcium, phosphate and anemia. Patients were followed up for 1 year. RESULTS: 17 patients opted for LNHD, 8 for DHD, 19 patients served as control group. After 1 year of treatment 24-h blood pressure was unchanged in all groups. Predialysis systolic blood pressure decreased in LNHD and DHD, but increased in SHD. Mean LVMI decreased in all treatment groups (DHD -20.1 +/- 24.0%, SHD -13.6 +/- 33.4%, LNHD -6.1 +/- 32.2%). The mean number of antihypertensive tablets/day was reduced in DHD by 3.3 tablet units, in LNHD by 1.2 tablet units, but increased in SHD patients. FS improved in patients on LNHD and DHD, but decreased in patients on SHD. Regression of LVMI was independent of dry weight which was unchanged in LNHD and SHD but increased in DHD. In contrast to SHD, phosphate control and Ca x P product improved in DHD and LNHD with less phosphate binding tablets. Intact PTH did not change in SHD, but decreased in DHD and LNHD. Hemoglobin increased in groups on intensified treatments, but fell in SHD. EPO resistance index fell in LNHD, but increased in DHD and SHD. CONCLUSION: While reduction in 24-h blood pressure was not achieved by intensified dialysis, both schedules showed favourable effects on LVMI and FS with less antihypertensive medication. This was independent of reduction in dry weight. These effects were more pronounced in DHD patients. In contrast, in SHD patients, stable 24-h blood pressure and reduction in LVMI were achieved on the expense of an increasing amount of antihypertensive medication and with worsening of FS.

Controlling strong electromagnetic fields at subwavelength scales.

We investigate the optical response of two subwavelength grooves on a metallic screen, separated by a subwavelength distance. We show that the cavity, Fabry-Perot-like mode, already observed in one-dimensional periodic gratings and known for a single slit, splits into two resonances in our system: a symmetric mode with a small Q factor, and an antisymmetric one which leads to a much stronger field enhancement. This behavior results from the near-field coupling of the grooves. Moreover, the use of a second incident wave allows control of the localization of the photons in the groove of our choice, depending on the phase difference between the two incident waves. The system acts exactly as a subwavelength optical switch operated from far field.

Meningitis por Listeria como complicación del tratamiento con infliximab en paciente con enfermedad de Crohn / Listeria meningitis as complication of treatment with infliximab in a patient with Crohn's disease

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