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Humans , Family Practice , Primary Health Care , Congresses as Topic , Economic Recession , Financial Resources in Health/organization & administrationABSTRACT
Objetivo. Investigar variables personales y familiares que intervienen en la aparición de problemas psicosociales (PPS). Conocer el papel de los acontecimientos vitales estresantes (AVE) y la red y apoyo social en su génesis, y construir un perfil del paciente con PPS. Diseño. Estudio transversal, descriptivo. Emplazamiento. Centro de Salud de Almanjayar, Granada. Participantes. Muestreo sistemático de 314 pacientes mayores de 18 años. Mediciones principales. Cada paciente cumplimentó el GHQ-28 (las puntuaciones ≥ 8 se consideraron indicativas de PPS), el test Apgar familiar, la Escala de Reajuste Social de Holmes y Rahe, el cuestionario Duke-UNC, Red Social y se determinaron la estructura y la etapa del ciclo vital familiar, el nivel socioeconómico y cultural, la actividad y los ingresos. Para determinar qué categorías se asociaban de manera independiente con las puntuaciones altas de GHQ se hizo un análisis multivariable. Resultados. Tener una edad entre los 30 y los 59 años, ser mujer, y ser trabajador no cualificado conlleva mayor riesgo de PPS. En el mismo sentido actúan la estructura familiar monoparental, la percepción de disfunción familiar, los altos grados de estrés (odds ratio [OR] = 3,02; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,76-5,18) y el bajo apoyo social. Conclusiones. El perfil de paciente con PPS en nuestro medio sería el de una mujer de mediana edad que forma parte de una familia monoparental y/o disfuncional, que ha presentado importantes AVE y que no tiene suficiente apoyo social
Objective. To investigate personal and family variables involved in the appearance of psychosocial problems (PSP) and the role of stressful life events (SLE) and Social Network and Support in its genesis; and to construct a profile of a PSP patient. Design. Transversal, descriptive study. Setting. Almanjayar Health Centre, Granada, Spain. Participants. Three hundred fourteen patients over 18 selected by systematic sampling in on-demand consultation. Main measurements. Every patient had an interview, filling in the GHQ-28 (with scores ≥8 considered indicative of PSP), the family Apgar test (Family Function study), the Holmes-Rahe Social Readjustment Scale (SLE in the last year), the DUKE-UNC questionnaire (Social Support), and Social Network (number of people). The Structure and Stage of the Family Life Cycle, social-economic and cultural level, work and income were also determined. A descriptive analysis of each variable and its association with the GHQ-28 through the χ2 test were also conducted. To find what categories were associated independently with high scores on the GHQ, a multivariate analysis was carried out. Results. Categories of age (between 30 and 59 years old), gender (being a woman) and social-economic level (unskilled workers) entail greatest risk of PSP. Similarly, single-parent families, perception of family dysfunction, high levels of stress (OR=3.02; 95% CI, 1.76-5.18), and low social support affect PSP. Conclusions. The profile of a PSP patient in our setting is of a middle-aged woman forming part of a single-parent and/or dysfunctional family, who has suffered major SLEs and has insufficient social support
