Characterization of starches isolated from Mexican pulse crops: Structural, physicochemical, and rheological properties.

This work aimed to characterize and compare the physicochemical properties of four pulse starches: bean, chickpea, lentil, and pea. Chemical proximate analysis, elemental composition, morphological grain characterization, crystalline structure, thermal analysis, FTIR analysis, and pasting properties were conducted. The proximate analysis shows that these starches have low fat, mineral, and protein content but high amylose values ranging from 29 to 36 % determined by colorimetry. Despite the high amylose content, the starches did not exhibit the typical behavior of an amylose-rich starch, with high peak viscosity and low breakdown and setback. It was found that this behavior was likely due to the large granule size of the ellipsoidal, spherical, and kidney-shaped granules and the high content of some minerals such as Na, Mg, K, Fe, Mn, P, and Si. The study also found that all pulse starches simultaneously contain monoclinic and hexagonal crystals, making them C-type starches. The findings were verified through the Rietveld analyses of X-ray diffraction patterns and differential scanning calorimetry, in which bimodal endothermic peaks evidenced both types of crystals being gelatinized.

Influence of physicochemical changes of the avocado starch throughout its pasting profile: Combined extraction.

This work focused on studying the effect of lamellae presence on the pasting profile of isolated avocado starch (C-type) obtained by a combined mechanical and ultrasonic process. Inductively Couple Plasma indicates that this starch is rich in P, K, Na, and Ca. This starch exhibits the most crystalline structure reported so far. The correlation between the morphological and structural properties throughout its pasting profile explains its apparent viscosity behavior. Granules exhibit a non-conventional irregular morphology with sizes ranging from 35 to 40 µm in their long side. DSC reveals endothermal transitions at 68 °C and 119 °C associated with the nanocrystals solvation and amylose-lipid complex, respectively. After gelatinization, the presence of lamellae originated from the partial fragmentation of the crystals. The pasting end exhibited a combined behavior between custard and hydrogel. This correlation could be considered a new methodology to understand the pasting behaviors in any starch.

Study of morphological, structural, thermal, and pasting properties of flour and isolated starch from unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca).

This work focused on studying the mineral composition, morphology, thermal, structural, and pasting properties of isolated plantain starch. Plantain starch is rich in K, and other ions as Mg, Ca, P, and Si were found. This starch exhibits lenticular, elliptical, and semispherical morphologies. Two endothermal events present in the thermogram were identified as the hexagonal and orthorhombic solvation. C-type starch formed by hexagonal and orthorhombic nanocrystal was completely indexed. The ash content showed the presence of calcium phosphate (KCaP2O7), Calcium Magnesium Phosphate (Ca2.71Mg0.29(PO4)2), and silicon oxide (SiO2). The pasting profile of this starch behaves between a custard and a hydrogel. Scanning electron microscopy of the lyophilized samples along pasting profile confirms that the shear and van der Walls forces and slurry morphology govern the pasting profile changes.

Physicochemical characterization of Amaranth starch insulated by mechanical separations.

This work focused on the physicochemical properties of isolated Amaranth starch. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) showed that amaranth is low-lipid calcium and magnesium source for the human diet. Scanning Electron Microscopy showed that isolated granules are in the range of sub and micro size. DSC starch thermogram showed a gelatinization temperature of 67.9 °C and an enthalpy of 10. 6 J/g suggesting the presence of an ordered crystalline structures. High-resolution X-ray diffraction showed the isolated starch contents nanocrystals with an orthorhombic crystalline structure whose pattern was indexed. The pasting profile showed that this kind of starch has an end cold viscosity as a custard, making it useful for infantile formulations. It does not present dynamic viscosity and would not be a problem when swallowed. A very important finding in this work was that the orthorhombic nanocrystals, after solvation during gelatinization, do not contribute to the apparent viscosity development.

Determination of basal bone mineral density in the femur bones of male and female Wistar rats.

Changes in bone mineral content of calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), magnesium and potassium for male and female Wistar rats during their development from 3 weeks old to adulthood (27 weeks old) were measured. Bone mineral content was related to areal bone mineral density (BMD) which was measured in vivo at the femoral neck using a calibrated X-ray transmission system to obtain basal curves as a function of the age of the specimen. Diagnostic curves were built to determine low BMD (osteopaenia) and osteoporosis in female rats fed a Ca-depleted diet (50%) based on the obtained data and the criteria established by the World Health Organization. Bone mineral content is directly related to sex and age, but P did not change throughout the experimental period. P content did not exhibit significant changes with growing, while Ca was greatest in male rats, producing significant differences in the Ca:P ratio. Male rats reach the Ca:P ratio peak before female rats. However, areal BMD does not follow the same trend. On the other hand, osteoporosis produced a 45% decrease in this parameter for young and mature adults. These results make Z-score values available to diagnose bone-mass losses and hence the possibility of improving the conditions of non-contact measurement of BMD in vivo. This technique can be used for future experiments with Wistar rats.

In situ study of hydroxyapatite from cattle during a controlled calcination process using HT-XRD.

In situ High-Temperature X-ray diffraction (HT-XRD) from 400 to 900 °C was carried out to obtain patterns of bio hydroxyapatite every 20 °C during calcination processes at heating rates of 3, 6, and 9 °C/min to determine changes in its structural parameters as well as in its thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) for a and c lattice parameters. Additionally, High-Resolution Transmission Electron microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrates that this HAp has an ordered nano like plate crystalline structure. The raw sample exhibits broad X-ray peaks originated by its nano size, and after calcination at about 700 °C, these become narrowed due to crystal growth. The calculation of the TEC as a function of the temperature for this hydroxyapatite shows a nonlinear increment for the a and c lattice parameters. Lattice thermal expansion occurs as water and organic matter are lost as the coalescence of HAp crystals take place; furthermore, as the heating rate increases, so does the lattice volume. Thermal analyses confirm that crystal growth is a process that starts after the bone sample has lost all its organic material and then bio-hydroxyapatite size changes from nano to micro-scale. A simulation using the PDF-4 software confirmed the nanometric size of the hydroxyapatite.

Effect of the Nano Crystal Size on the X-ray Diffraction Patterns of Biogenic Hydroxyapatite from Human, Bovine, and Porcine Bones.

This paper focuses on the study of the effect of the change of the crystal size on the shape and width of the X-ray diffraction patterns for defatted and deproteinized bones as well as incinerated biogenic hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine, porcine, and human bones. Inductively Couple Plasma showed the presence of some ions such as Mg, K, Al, Fe, Zn, and Na for all samples. The nanometric size of the crystals was determined through High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy in which ordered crystals were found. The calcination of raw clean bones at 720 °C produced a transition of crystal size from nano to micro due to a coalescence phenomenon, this was accompanied by a decrease of the peak width of the X-ray diffraction patterns due to the decrease of the inelastic scattering contribution from the microcrystals. A simulation of the effect of the crystallite size on the shape and width of the X-ray patterns was done using PDF-4 software which confirmed that raw ordered bone crystals produce broad peaks which so far have been erroneously assigned to polycrystalline hydroxyapatite with low crystalline quality.

Morphological, structural, thermal, compositional, vibrational, and pasting characterization of white, yellow, and purple Arracacha Lego-like starches and flours (Arracacia xanthorrhiza).

This work is focused on the chemical, structural, morphological, thermal, IR vibrational, and pasting characterization of isolated white, yellow, and purple Arracacha starches from Colombia. Inductive couple plasma showed that these starches are rich in potassium. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images show that the starch granules are formed by ovoid fully filled Lego-like starch microparticles, the circular cross-section has a diameter between 9 and 15µm and mayor axis between 20 and 30µm. Each one of these ovoids is formed by irregular wedge-shaped 6 to 10 isolated starch granules with an average size between 4 and 12µm. The amylose content ranged between 31 and 36%. Arracacha starches exhibited high viscosity values (between 20.000 and 28.000cP), which could be influenced by the high content of potassium ions, due to the C-H~K Van Der Waals interaction that was identified by using IR spectroscopy. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis, the starch patterns exhibited broad diffracted peaks which could be associated with the existence of nano-crystals and lamellae; the Differential Scanning calorimetry (DSC) result showed starches with a low gelatinization temperature of about 60°C.

Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) in Patients Diagnosed with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Antioquia.

INTRODUCTION: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral issue for children. One of the sleeping disorders most frequently related to ADHD is the Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), characterized by an irresistible urge to move the legs, something that is generally associated with paresthesias and motor restlessness. The prevalence rate of RLS in children diagnosed with ADHD is close to 18%, but in Colombia, these cases have been hardly studied. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of RLS, in children with ADHD. METHODS: A cross-sectional study, filled out by parents of children diagnosed with ADHD, were analyzed. This questionnaire contained clinical criteria for classifying ADHD according to the DSM-IV, as well as diagnostic criteria for RLS by the National Institutes of Health (2003). RESULTS: A predominance rate of 65.6% in combined ADHD was observed in children with RLS criteria. Upon carrying out an exploratory data analysis, it was found that having a family history of RLS and belonging to the middle or low socioeconomic strata are conditions associated with the presence of RLS in children with ADHD, with a significant p (p < 0.000) and a PR of 4.47 (3.16-6.32). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of RLS was similar to the findings of other clinical investigations. However, it highlights new prevalence values in relation to the comorbidity between ADHD and RLS, suggesting the need for new clinical and therapeutic alternatives amidst the presence of both syndromes.

INTRODUCCIÓN: El trastorno de hiperactividad con déficit de atención (TDAH) es el problema de comportamiento más común en la infancia. Uno de los trastornos de sueño que más se ha relacionado el TDAH es el síndrome de piernas inquietas (SPI) el cual conlleva un deseo irresistible de mover las piernas que, en general, se asocia con parestesias e inquietud motora. La prevalencia del SPI en la población infantil diagnosticada con TDAH es de cerca del 18 %. Sin embargo, en Colombia han sido escasamente estudiados. OBJETIVO: Determinar la frecuencia de SPI en niños con TDAH. MÉTODO: se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, con el uso de cuestionarios diligenciados por los padres de niños con diagnóstico de TDAH. Dicho cuestionario contenía criterios clínicos para la clasificación del TDAH según el DSM-IV, y criterios diagnósticos para SPI del National Institutes of Health pediatric restless legs syndrome (2003). RESULTADOS: Los niños con criterios de SPI tuvieron predominio del TDAH combinado en un 65.6%. Al realizar el análisis exploratorio se encontró que tener historia familiar de SPI y estrato medio o bajo se asocian con la presencia del SPI en niños con TDAH, con una p significativa (p < 0.000) y una RP de 4.47 (3.16-6.32). CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de SPI fue similar a los hallazgos de otras investigaciones clínicas, sin embargo, resalta nuevos valores de prevalencia en relación a la comorbilidad entre el TDAH y el SPI, sugiriendo la necesidad de habilitar nuevas alternativas clínicas y terapéuticas en la presencia de ambos síndromes.

Implementación de la gestión de riesgo en los procesos misionales de la Sección de Dermatología de la Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) siguiendo las directrices de la norma ISO 9001: 2015 / Implementation of Risk Management in the Mission Processes of the Dermatology Section of the Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) Following the ISO 9001: 2015 Guidelines / Implementação de gestão de risco em processos missionais da Seção de Dermatologia da Universidade de Antioquia (Medellín, Colômbia) seguindo diretrizes da norma ISO 9001: 2015

Resumen La gestión de riesgos en los servicios de atención en salud es un proceso que considera la planeación y aplicación de estrategias orientadas a controlar posibles efectos adversos que surjan durante la atención a los usuarios, la calidad en el servicio y la seguridad del paciente. En el presente artículo se reporta el desarrollo del sistema de gestión del riesgo de los procesos misionales de la Sección de Dermatología de la Universidad de Antioquia, así como los principales resultados obtenidos a la fecha y la manera como el Sistema de Gestión de Calidad bajo la norma ISO 9001 sirvió de complemento y apoyo al sistema de gestión del riesgo implementado. Se identificaron cinco riesgos inherentes para el Laboratorio de Dermatopatología, seis para Otros Procesos Dermatológicos y ocho para la Unidad de Fotodermatología, los cuales fueron analizados y evaluados, luego de lo cual se implementaron los controles pertinentes.

Abstract Risk management in health care services is a process that takes into account the planning and implementation of strategies aimed at controlling possible adverse effects that arise during the attention to users, quality of service, and patient safety. This article reports on the development of the risk management system for the mission processes of the Dermatology Section of the Universidad de Antioquia, as well as on the main results obtained to date and the way in which the Quality Management System (under the ISO 9001 standard) worked as a complement and support to the implemented risk management system. Five inherent risks were identified for the Dermatopathology Laboratory, six for Other Dermatological Procedures, and eight for the Photodermatology Unit, all of which were analyzed and evaluated; the relevant controls were implemented afterwards.

Resumo A gestão de riscos nos serviços de atenção em saúde é um processo que considera o planejamento e aplicação de estratégias orientadas a controlar possíveis efeitos adversos que surgirem durante o atendimento a utentes, a qualidade no serviço e a segurança do paciente. No presente artigo relata-se o desenvolvimento do sistema de gestão de riscos dos processos missionais da Seção de Dermatologia da Universidade de Antioquia, bem como os principais resultados obtidos a hoje e a maneira como o Sistema de Gestão de Qualidade sob a norma ISO 9001 serviu de complemento e apoio ao sistema de gestão do risco implementado. Cinco riscos inerentes ao Laboratório de Dermatopatologia foram identificados, seis para outros Processos Dermatológicos e oito para a Unidade de Fotodermatologia, os quais foram analisados e avaliados, após disso implementaram-se os controles pertinentes.

Cooling rate effects on thermal, structural, and microstructural properties of bio-hydroxyapatite obtained from bovine bone.

This article is focused on the study of cooling rate effects on the thermal, structural, and microstructural properties of hydroxyapatite (HAp) obtained from bovine bone. A three-step process was used to obtain BIO-HAp: hydrothermal, calcinations, and cooling. Calcined samples in a furnace and cooling in air (HAp-CAir), water (HAp-CW), and liquid nitrogen (HAp-CN2), as well as an air cooled sample inside the furnace (HAp-CFAir), were studied. According to this study, the low cooling rate that was achieved for air cooled samples inside the furnace produce single crystal BIO-HAp with better crystalline quality; other samples exhibited polycrystalline structures forming micron and submicron grains.

Caracterización clínica, bioquímica e imagenológica en una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticados con hiperglicinemia no cetósica clásica: estudio ambispectivo 2000-2014, Medellín, Colombia / Clinical, biochemical and imaging characterization in a cohort of patients diagnosed with classical nonketotic hyperglycinemia: ambispective study 2000-2014, Medellin-Colombia

Introducción: La hiperglicinemia no cetósica (HGNC) es un error innato del metabolismo del grupo de las aminoacidopatías, de carácter autosómico recesivo, causado por un defecto en el sistema de clivaje de la glicina. Es una entidad rara y no se conoce su incidencia en Colombia. Objetivo: Describir características clínicas, bioquímica e imagenológicas en una cohorte de pacientes diagnosticados con hiperglicinemia no cetósica clásica Materiales y métodos: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, ambispectivo, en el periodo enero 2000-2014, en varios centros de Medellín. Resultados: Se incluyeron 20 pacientes que cumplían criterios de inclusión, de los 35 pacientes que cumplían con el criterio de búsqueda, en su mayoría de sexo femenino y con un Apgar adecuado al nacer. El promedio de inicio de los síntomas fue de 2,6 días; somnolencia, hipoactividad, apnea, convulsiones y singulto fueron los principales síntomas, y las convulsiones de tipo focal las más frecuentes. La relación glicina LCR/plasma en promedio fue 0,42. El patrón estallido-supresión en el electroencefalograma y la ausencia o retraso en la mielinización de la sustancia blanca supratentorial en la resonancia magnética fueron hallazgos comunes. Conclusión: La HGNC es frecuente en nuestro medio, por lo cual es necesario que se disponga de pruebas bioquímicas y moleculares necesarias para diagnóstico oportuno, manejo integral y asesoría genética.

Introduction: Nonketotic Hyperglycinemia is an inborn error of metabolism in a group of aminoacidopathies, autosomal recessive, caused by a defect in the system of the glycine cleavage. It is rare, and the incidence is unknown in Colombia. Objective:To describe clinical, biochemical and imaging characteristics in a cohort of patients diagnosed with classical nonketotic hyperglycinemia. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive-ambispective study during the period January 2000 - 2014 in some centers of Medellin. Results: There were 35 patients who met the search criteria and finally 20 patients who met inclusion criteria. We found in this cohort more girls than boys, and most of them with a good APGAR. The average onset of symptoms was 2.6 days, with drowsiness, hypoactivity, apnea, seizures and singultus the main symptoms. The focal seizures were the most frequent type. The average value of CSF glycine to plasma glycine ratio was 0.42. The burst suppression pattern in the EEG and the absence or delayed myelination in the supratentorial white matter on MRI were common findings. All patients received dextromethorphan as part of their treatment and the vast majority of sodium benzoate. Conclusion: HGNC is common in our environment. It´s necessary to have available biochemical and molecular evidence for timely diagnosis, comprehensive management and genetic counseling.

Infecciones asociadas a dispositivos en unidades de cuidado intensivo académicas vs no académicas. ¿Hay diferencia? / Device-associated nosocomial infections in academics vs nonacademics intensive care units. Is there a difference?

Introducción: las infecciones nosocomiales asociadas a dispositivos aumentan la morbilidad y mortalidad en las unidades de cuidado intensivo. Objetivo: evaluar si el carácter docente de una unidad de cuidado intensivo incrementa la incidencia de infecciones nosocomiales. Métodos: estudio de una cohorte prospectiva de pacientes de la base de datos del Grupo de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de las UCI de Colombia desde noviembre de 2007 hasta diciembre del 2009. Se evalúo la asociación del carácter docente y la presencia de cualquier infección nosocomial asociada a dispositivos por medio de análisis bivariado y mutivariado. Resultados: fueron estudiados 31 863 pacientes en varias ciudades. Se encontró una incidencia de infecciones nosocomiales asociadas a dispositivos de 5,2 %, siendo la más común la neumonía asociada al ventilador. El análisis bivariado encontró como factores de riesgo el carácter docente, puntaje del APACHE II, ingreso por trauma, intoxicación o enfermedad pulmonar, unidad de cuidado intensivo quirúrgica y se encontró diferencia entre las ciudades. Las variables que mostraron asociación con la presencia de infecciones nosocomiales asociadas a dispositivos en el análisis multivariado fueron: estar hospitalizado en la ciudad 1, 2, 4 ó 5, diagnóstico de ingreso de trauma y cirugía; pero no se encontró asociación con la característica docente de la unidad de cuidado intensivo. Conclusión: el carácter docente no se asocia con un aumento de la incidencia de infecciones nosocomiales asociadas a dispositivos en las unidades de cuidado intensivo.

Device-Associated Nosocomial Infections (DANI) increase morbidity and mortality in intensive care units (ICU). The presence of students can theoretically increase the risk of such infections. Objective: The objective of this trial was to assess whether or not being a teaching hospital increases the incidence of DANI at ICU. Method: Prospective cohort study from the GRUVECO (Colombian National Group of Infection Surveillance) database since November 2007 to December 2009. We evaluated the association of academic nature and the presence of any DANI through bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 31.863 patients were studied. The incidence of DANI was 5.2%, mainly ventilator-associated pneumonia Bivariated analysis demonstrated that risk factors for DANI were: academic ICUs, APACHE II score, admission for trauma, poisoning or lung disease and surgical ICUs; differences among geographic locations were also noticed. Variables associated with DANI in the multivariated analysis were: city 1, city 2, city 7 or city 4 and diagnosis of trauma or surgery, but no association was found with academic nature of ICU. Conclusions: Academic ICUs were not associated with increased incidence of DANI.

Prevalencia de alergias en niños entre 5 y 14 años con trastorno de déficitde atención e hiperactividad. Medellín, 2012 / Prevalence of allergies in children between 5 and 14 years of age with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Medellin, 2012

Las enfermedades alérgicas y el trastorno por déficit de atención son entidades frecuentes enla niñez. Alguno autores han sugerido una asociación entre estas.Objetivos: Establecer la prevalencia de alergias en niños con déficit de atención y sus características clínicasy socio-demográficas en la consulta de neurología hecha por los autores.Materiales y Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, de corte transversal, con muestreo no aleatorio yselección de los casos de forma consecutiva. Se entrevistaron 113 niños que cumplían los criterios de inclusión,entre junio y diciembre de 2012. La información fue consignada en un formulario que contenía variables sociodemográficasy clínicas relacionadas con el déficit de atención y con los diferentes tipos de alergias.Resultados: Entre los pacientes entrevistados, la enfermedad alérgica mas frecuente fue la rinitis alérgica conel 37.2%, seguida por el asma, con 31.9%. Sin embargo, solo el asma presentó mayor prevalencia en pacientescon trastorno de déficit de atención e hiperactividad que en la población general. La dermatitis atópica se presentóen 8.8% y alergia alimentaria en 2.7%. En el análisis exploratorio, los niños con dermatitis atópica fueronlos únicos que presentaron una asociación significativa con insomnio (OR 4.23; IC 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusiones: La prevalencia de asma fue mayor en los pacientes estudiados con trastorno de déficit deatención e hiperactividad que la reportada en estudios poblacionales. Para los otros tipos de alergias la prevalencia fue similar...

Allergic diseases and attention deficit disorder are both common in pediatric population.Several authors had suggested an association between this two disorders.Objectives: To establish the prevalence of allergies in children with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder and their clinical and socio-demographic characteristics. Children included in the study were patientsin the neurologic practice of the authorscriteria were interviewed using a questionnaire that included clinical and socio-demographic variables relatedto Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and allergies.Results: Among the 113 patients interviewed, the most common allergic disease was Allergic Rhinitis, whichaccounted for 37.2% of the cases, followed by asthma, which accounted for 31.9%. Asthma presents a higherprevalence in patients with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder. Atopic Dermatitis was present in8.8% of the cases and Food Allergy in 2.7%. In an exploratory study, children with Atopic Dermatitis werethe only ones who presented a significant association with Insomnia (OR 4.23; CI 95%, 1.06-16; p=0.02).Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma was greater in those patients with Attention Deficit and HyperactivityDisorder than in those reported in population studies. For other types of allergies, this prevalence was similar....

Estado nutricional del hierro en gestantesadolescentes, MedellÝn, Colombia / Nutritional status of iron in pregnant adolescents, MedellÝn, Colombia

Objetivo: analizar el estado nutricional del hierro en gestantesadolescentes de tercer trimestre. MetodologÝa: estudioanalÝtico de corte transversal con 276 adolescentes entre 10 y19 a±os, en tercer trimestre de gestaci¾n de la Empresa Socialdel Estado (ese) Metrosalud (MedellÝn, 2011-2012), con datosde hemoglobina, volumen corpuscular medio, concentraci¾nde hemoglobina corpuscular media e ingesta de suplementode hierro. La ferritina sÚrica se analiz¾ en 178 gestantes,controlada por proteÝna C-reactiva. Se utilizaron medidas detendencia central, dispersi¾n, porcentajes y pruebas de Chi2,anova, Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney. Resultados:la prevalencia de anemia fue 17,1% en el tercer trimestrede gestaci¾n y por deficiencia de hierro, 51%. La medianade ferritina sÚrica fue 13,3 Ág/L (RQ: 7,7 Ág/L-17,9 Ág/L);s¾lo el 5,6% (n = 9) present¾ valores adecuados de ferritina.Las madres que tomaron suplemento de hierro diariamentepresentaron mejores concentraciones de hemoglobina yferritina, frente a aquellas que no lo hicieron, Hb 12,1g/dL vs.11,7 g/dL (p = 0,019) y ferritina sÚrica 14,6 Ág/L vs. 7,0 Ág/L(p = 0,000). Discusi¾n: hubo altas prevalencias de anemia yferropenia en las gestantes, asociadas con la no adherencia alsuplemento de hierro...

Objective: to analyze the nutritional status of iron in pregnantadolescents in their third trimester. Methodology: a crosssectionalanalytical study with 276 adolescents between theages of 10 and 19 in the third trimester of pregnancy fromthe ESE Metrosalud State Social Enterprise (MedellÝn 2011-2012). Data was collected for hemoglobin, mean corpuscularvolume, mean corpuscular concentration and the ingestionof iron supplements. Serum ferritin levels were analyzed in178 pregnant adolescents and were controlled by C-reactiveprotein. Central tendency measures, dispersion, percentagesand Chi 2, anova, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Witney U testswere employed. Results: anemia prevalence was 17.1% inthe third trimester, 51% because of iron deficiency. Medianserum ferritin was 13.3 Ág/L (RQ: 7.7 Ág/L-17.9 Ág/L); only5.6% (n=9) showed adequate ferritin levels. Mothers who tookdaily iron supplements exhibited greater concentrations ofhemoglobin and ferritin when compared with those who did nottake any supplement, Hb: 12.1g/dL vs 11.7 g/dL ( p = 0.019) andserum ferritin 14.6 Ág/L vs7.0 Ág/L (p = 0.000). Discussion:there was high prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency inthe expectant mothers, which was associated with a lack ofadherence to the iron supplement...

Physicochemical, morphological, and rheological characterization of Xanthosoma robustum Lego-like starch.

This work presents the physicochemical and pasting characterization of isolated mafafa starch and mafafa flour (Xanthosoma robustum). According to SEM images of mafafa starches in the tuber, these starches form Lego-like shaped structures with diameters between 8 and 35 µm conformed by several starch granules of wedge shape that range from 2 to 7 µm. The isolated mafafa starch is characterized by its low contents of protein, fat, and ash. The starch content in isolated starch was found to be 88.58% while the amylose content obtained was 35.43%. X-ray diffraction studies confirm that isolated starch is composed mainly by amylopectin. These results were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and thermo gravimetric analysis. This is the first report of the molecular parameters for mafafa starch: molar mass that ranged between 2×10(8) and 4×10(8) g/mol, size (Rg) value between 279 and 295 nm, and molecular density value between 9.2 and 9.7 g/(mol nm(3)). This study indicates that mafafa starch shows long chains of amylopectin this fact contributes to higher viscosity development and higher gel stability. The obtained gel phase is transparent in the UV-vis region. The viscosity, gel stability and optical properties suggest that there is potential for mafafa starch applications in the food industry.

Síndrome opsoclono-mioclono-ataxia posmalaria: un caso pediátrico / Post-malarial opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome: a paediatric case

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Dolor y síntomas sensoriales después de mamoplastia estética de aumento: un estudio de seguimiento a largo plazo posterior al uso intraoperatorio de ketamina / Pain and sensory symptoms following augmentation mammoplasty: a long term follow-up study with intraoperative ketamine use

Introducción. La mamoplastia de aumento es un procedimiento muy común, no obstante las secuelas de dolor y síntomas sensoriales son desconocidas. Objetivo. Evaluar el impacto del uso de ketamina perioperatoria en las secuelas dolorosas y de síntomas neurológicos de pacientes sometidas a mamoplastia de aumento. Metodología. Este es un seguimiento a largo plazo de un ensayo clínico que incluyó 106 pacientes que habían sido sometidas a una mamoplastia estética de aumento que evaluaba la efectividad de Ketamina para dolor postoperatorio. La intensidad de dolor y la presencia o ausencia de síntomas neurológicos fueron recolectados. Resultados. Cincuenta pacientes consintieron en participar completando una entrevista telefónica. Los grupos no difirieron en cuanto a las variables demográficas y la técnica quirúrgica. Ambos grupos reportaron una alta incidencia de dolor moderado a intenso el primer día y la primera semana del postoperatorio (19 y 21 pacientes de los grupos ketamina y placebo respectivamente), con completa resolución de los síntomas a los tres meses. Tres participantes del grupo ketamina reportaron hipoestesia persistente y una participante sensación de ardor. Estos síntomas fueron marginalmente más frecuentes en el grupo placebo con siete participantes que reportaron hipoestesia y dos sensación de ardor. Conclusiones. En este estudio, la ketamina no tuvo un impacto significativo en la incidencia de dolor crónico posterior a mamoplastia estética de aumento. Existe una tendencia a sugerir que la ketamina podría tener algún papel en la reducción de síntomas neurológicos que resultaron ser más frecuentes de lo esperado (20 %).

Introduction. Augmentation mammoplasty is a common procedure but pain sequelae and sensory symptoms are unknown. Objective. To assess the impact of using perioperative Ketamine for painful sequelae and neurological symptoms in patients undergoing augmentation mammoplasty.Methodology. Long-term follow-up of a clinical study including 106 patients that underwent cosmetic augmentation mammoplasty to assess the effectiveness of Ketamine for postoperative pain. Pain intensity and the presence/absence of neurological symptoms were recorded. Results. A total of 50 patients agreed to participate by responding to a telephone interview. The groups did not differ in terms of demographic variables and the surgical technique. Both groups reported a high incidence of moderate/severe pain on the first day and the week following the operation (19 and 21 patients in the Ketamine and placebo groups, respectively), with complete resolution of symptoms after three months. Three participants in the Ketamine group reported persistent hypoesthesia and one reported a burning sensation. These symptoms were slightly more frequent in the placebo group, with 7 patients reporting hypoesthesia and two burning sensation.Conclusions. In this study, Ketamine had no significant incidence on chronic pain following cosmetic augmentation mammoplasty. There is a trend suggesting that Ketamine could play a role in reducing the neurological symptoms that exceeded the expected frequency (20 %).

Indicadores bioquímicos del hierro materno en el tercer trimestre de la gestación y su relación con la antropometría materna y el peso al nacer* / Biochemical indicators of maternal iron in the third trimester of pregnancy and their relation with maternal anthropometry and neonatal weight

Objetivos: evaluar el hierro y la transferrina séricos, la capacidad de fijación de hierro de la transferrina y el porcentaje de saturación de la misma, en una submuestra de gestantes del Bajo Cauca antioqueño, y asociar estos indicadores con la antropometría materna y el peso al nacer. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal en 16 mujeres en el tercer trimestre de la gestación; la transferrina sérica se midió por nefelometría, el hierro sérico y la capacidad de fijación de la transferrina por fotocolorimetría; el porcentaje de saturación se calculó con la fórmula estándar. Para la antropometría materna se tuvieron en cuenta el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y la ganancia de peso; se pesó a los recién nacidos en la sala de partos, con un equipo de alta precisión. Resultados: el hierro sérico y el porcentaje de saturación de la transferrina indicaron eritropoyesis deficiente en hierro y anemia, pese a que la hemoglobina estaba por encima de 11,3 g/dL. La concentración de hemoglobina fue menor en las madres con IMC bajo, y el peso al nacer se correlacionó positivamente con este indicador. Conclusión: el hierro sérico y el porcentaje de saturación de la transferrina pueden ser biomarcadores del estado del hierro de más pronta respuesta que la hemoglobina a la deficiencia de este mineral; para mejorar el peso de los neonatos se debe monitorizar el hierro materno y satisfacer las necesidades de este mineral.

Objectives: To evaluate seric iron, transferrin iron binding capacity and its saturation index in a group of pregnant women in Antioquia, northwestern Colombia, and to associate these indicators with maternal anthropometry and neonatal weight. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study of 16 women in the third trimester of pregnancy. Seric transferrin was determined by nephelometry, seric iron and transferrin iron binding capacity were measured by photocolorimetry; the saturation index of transferring was calculated by a standard chemical formula. Maternal anthropometry was based on the body mass index (BMI) and total body weight gain; neonatal weight was measured in the delivery room, with a high precision equipment. Results: Seric iron concentration and transferring saturation index indicated iron-deficient erythropoiesis and anemia, even though the average haemoglobin concentration was above 11.3 g/dL. Hemoglobin concentration was lower in mothers with low BMI, and neonatal weight correlated positively with maternal hemoglobin. Conclusion: Seric iron and transferrin saturation index may be biomarkers of the iron status with earlier response than hemoglobin to the deficiency of this mineral. Maternal iron should be monitorized and iron needs satisfied in order to improve the weight of newborns.