ABSTRACT
We have combined a turbulent jet flow ozone contactor (TJC) with a membrane bioreactor (MBR) to establish a zero-discharge system in terms of excess sludge in the MBR. The TJC-MBR system was compared with the conventional MBR (Control-MBR) with respect to i) the size and zeta potential of the sludge particles, ii) the loosely bound extra-cellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and tightly bound EPS of the microbial flocs, iii) the porosity and biovolume of the bio-cake accumulated on the membrane, and iv) the membrane permeability. The TJC system generated the ozonated sludge with a negligible amount of loosely bound EPS and a positive zeta potential. As a result, when such ozonated sludge was recycled, the average size of the sludge particles (e.g., microbial flocs) increased in the TJC-MBR. Consequently the bio-cake formed in the TJC-MBR had greater porosity than that in the Control-MBR, giving rise to higher membrane permeability in the TJC-MBR.