Aplicación de la filosofía “wiki” a la actualización del material docente en el área de farmacia y tecnología farmacéutica / Implementation of "wiki" philosophy to the update of teaching material in the area of pharmacy and pharmaceutical technology

La Directiva 2005/36/CE del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, relativa al reconocimiento decualificaciones profesionales, en su artículo 44, referente a la formación del farmacéutico, y la OrdenCIN/2137/2008, por la que se establecen los requisitos para la verificación de los títulos universitariosoficiales que habiliten para el ejercicio de esta profesión, recogen conocimientos y competencias quedeben contemplarse en su formación académica. Muchos de ellos están directamente relacionadoscon los fármacos y con los medicamentos y, por tanto, estrechamente vinculados con el Área deConocimiento de “Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica”.Como profesores de esta Área desde hace muchos años, hemos apreciado la dificultad existente en lapreparación del material docente. Este hecho es debido a diversas razones. Entre ellas destacan: a)limitación de las fuentes documentales existentes sobre las propiedades físico-químicas ybiofarmacéuticas de muchos principios activos; b) escasez de textos concernientes a la fabricaciónconcreta de medicamentos; c) irrupción continua en el mercado de nuevos medicamentos, que implicaque muchos textos se queden desfasados; d) dispersión de los contenidos.Para intentar soslayar esta problemática, se han venido realizando diversas actividades docentes. Unade ellas, objeto de la presente comunicación, fue implantada en el curso 2009-10, para los alumnos de5º curso y se seguirá incluyendo en la programación docente para el próximo 2010-11. Está basada enel concepto “wiki”. Consiste en la elaboración, por parte de alumnos y profesores, de un espaciocomún, convenientemente organizado, donde todos aportan información para elaborar una granenciclopedia virtual sobre el medicamento(AU)

Directive 2005/36/EC of the European Parliament and Council on the recognition of professionalqualifications, section 44, concerning the formation of pharmacists, and the Order CIN/2137/2008,laying down the requirements for verification of official university degrees that prepare students towork in this profession, gather knowledge and skills to be covered in their education. Many of themare directly related to drugs and medicines and, therefore, closely linked to the Knowledge Area"Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology”.As teachers of this area for many years, we have appreciated the difficulty in preparing the teachingmaterial. This is due to various reasons. These include: a) limitation of existing documentary sourceson the physico-chemical and biopharmaceutical characteristics of many active ingredients. b) ashortage of texts concerning the specific manufacture of medicaments. c) continuous irruption in themarket for new drugs and dosage forms, which means that many texts become outdated. d)information dispersion.To circumvent this problem, various educational activities have being conducted. One of this, objectof the present communication, was introduced in 2009-10 for students in the 5th grade and still be included in the course program for the next 2010-11. It is based on the concept of "wiki". It consistsof establishing, by students and teachers, a common area, conveniently organized in which all provideinformation to develop a virtual encyclopedia of medicaments(AU)

Characterization and dissolution properties of ketoprofen in binary and ternary solid dispersions with polyethylene glycol and surfactants.

The effect of incorporation of an anionic [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) or dioctylsulfosuccinate (DSS)] or nonionic [Tween 60 (TW60)] surfactant on the properties of ketoprofen solid dispersions in polyethylene glycol 15000 (PEG) has been investigated. Physicochemical and morphological properties of the various solid systems were determined by differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results from dissolution studies, performed according to the USP 24 basket method, indicated that all ternary dispersed systems were significantly (p < 0.001) more efficacious than the corresponding binary ones, by virtue of the additive wetting and solubilizing effect due to the presence of the surfactant. The relative effectiveness of the incorporated surfactant was in the same order as found in phase-solubility studies (i.e., SDS > DSS > TW60). With regard to the solid dispersion preparation method, coevaporated products always gave better results than the corresponding cofused ones; however, this effect was statistically significant (p < 0.001) only in the initial phase of the dissolution process. The most effective solid dispersion was the 10-80-10 w/w drug-PEG-SDS ternary coevaporate, which allowed dissolution of 50% drug after only 6 min (in comparison with > 120 min for drug alone and 17 min for the binary coevaporate) and dissolution of about 100% drug after 30 min (in comparison with > 120 min for the binary coevaporate).

Diseño factorial como método quimiométrico para el diseño de experimentos / Factorial design as a chemometric method for the design of experiments

Los estudios de preformulación en el desarrollo y optimización de medicamentos se centran en el estudio de la influencia de múltiples y muy diversos factores. Estos estudios son caros, de larga duración y, a veces no es posible establecer cuándo y cómo se ha obtenido la formulación óptima. El Diseño Experimental es un método quimiométrico cuyo objetivo es obtener la información deseada acerca de la influencia de una serie de factores sobre un proceso, del modo más eficaz y preciso posible, y todo esto disminuyendo el número de experiencias a realizar. En el Diseño Experimental, el llamado Diseño Factorial ocupa un lugar destacado como método para planificar y diseñar experiencias. Los diseños factoriales más importantes y de los que derivan la mayoría de los demás diseños son el Diseño Factorial Saturado y el Diseño Factorial Fraccionado (AU)

Complexation of ursodeoxycholic acid with beta-cyclodextrin-choline dichloride coprecipitate.

The inclusion complexes of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with beta-cyclodextrin (betaCD) coprecipitated with choline dichloride (CDC) or beta-cyclodextrin were investigated to evaluate the effect of the presence of choline for UDCA inclusion in betaCD. The inclusion complexes were investigated in solution by phase solubility diagrams and 1H NMR spectrometry and in solid state (kneading, freeze-drying, sealed heating and spray-drying) by DSC, SEM, HSM, XRD and IR spectroscopy. Stability constants were determined at pH 5.5 and 7.0 to simulate the environmental pH of the first intestinal tract and at different temperatures (25, 30 and 37 degrees C) to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of inclusion. Both betaCD-CDC and betaCD increased the water solubility of UDCA particularly betaCD-CDC. All complexes showed a high dissolution rate particularly the spray-dried complexes obtained in the presence of betaCD-CDC.