Ecology and spatial distribution of sand fly species in low endemic areas for American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Due to the fundamental role that sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) have in Leishmania spp. (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) transmission, the objective of this study was to evaluate the ecology and spatial distribution of species circulating in the municipality of Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 17 371 specimens were collected between August 2016 and July 2017, and five species were identified: Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz & Neiva, 1912), Migonemyia migonei (França, 1920), Nyssomyia whitmani (Antunes & Coutinho, 1939), Pintomyia pessoai (Coutinho & Barretto, 1940), and Pintomyia fischeri (Pinto, 1926). In relation to the number of sand flies collected, we observed a significant difference between rural and periurban areas and between the neighbourhoods. We observed that N. intermedia has a relatively greater adaptation to the peridomiciliary environment. This is the first report of Pi. pessoai and Pi. fischeri (only females) in Seropédica as well as the first record of the frequency of phlebotomine species focusing on some ecological indices and the spatial distribution of sand flies. The results presented here aimed to provide an insight into the spatial population dynamics of phlebotomine species in low endemic areas of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) in Seropédica, highlighting important areas for entomological surveillance.

Produção de biofilme por Staphylococcus chromogenes isolados de amostras de leite provenientes de rebanhos bovinos com mastite / Biofilme production by Staphylococcus chromogenes isolated from milk samples from bovine with mastitis

Foram estudadas 135 vacas mestiças, provenientes de 10 rebanhos leiteiros no estado do Acre. O objetivo foi identificar espécies de Staphylococcus isoladas dos quartos mamários de vacas com mastite e, posteriormente, avaliar a capacidade de produção de biofilme pela espécie Staphylococcus chromogenes. A caracterização dos isolados presentes nas amostras encontradas, correspondentes a Staphylococcus sp., foi realizada utilizando-se a técnica do MALDI TOF MS (Matrix Associated Laser Desorption-Ionization - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometry). Foram identificados: S. chromogenes (36), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5), S. chromogenes ou Staphylococcus hycus (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Staphylococcus hycus (3), Staphylococcus aureus (1), Staphylococcus auriculares (1), Staphylococcus kloosii (1) e Staphylococcus xylosus (1). A espécie S. chromogenes correspondeu a 60% dos isolados do gênero (17 isolados coagularam o plasma de coelho no teste da coagulase em tubo), sendo 83,3% dos isolados (30/36) produtores de biofilme, não estando esse fator de virulência associado ao fenótipo de coagulação do plasma. A identificação desses microrganismos é importante para a elucidação da etiologia da mastite bovina. O alto percentual de S. chromogenes, produtores de biofilme, isolados de vacas com mastite é um achado relevante e pode revelar uma mudança de perfil na colonização de agentes etiológicos causadores dessa enfermidade.(AU)

A total of 135 crossbred cows was studied, from ten dairy herds on the state of Acre. The purpose was to identify species of Staphylococcus isolated from the mammary quarters of cows with mastitis. Additionally, the capacity of biofilm production by the species Staphylococcus chromogenes was evaluated. The sample characterization of the isolates was performed using the MALDI TOF MS (Matrix Associated Laser Desorption-Ionization - Time of Flight - Mass Spectrometry). The following species were identified by MALDI TOFF MS: S. chromogenes (36), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (5), S. chromogenes or Staphylococcus hycus (5), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (4), Staphylococcus epidermidis (3), Staphylococcus hycus (3), Staphylococcus aureus (1), Staphylococcus auriculares (1), Staphylococcus kloosii (1) and Staphylococcus xylosus (1). S. chromogenes corresponded to 60% of the Staphylococcus isolates (17 isolates positive on tube coagulase test). From those, 83.33% (30/36) of them were biofilm producers. This virulence factor had no association with the plasma coagulation phenotype. The identification of these microorganisms is important for the elucidation of the bovine mastitis etiology. The high percentage of S. chromogenes, biofilm producers, isolated from cows with mastitis is an important finding. This may reveal a profile change on the colonization of etiologic agents that cause this disease.(AU)

Genetic structure and diversity in the Dioscorea cayenensis/D. rotundata complex revealed by morphological and isozyme markers.

Of the 600 known yam species, only 10 are utilized as food, and the Dioscorea cayenensis/D. rotundata species complex is among the most cultivated. In Brazil, these species are commercially cultivated in the northeast region and are cultivated in the south and southeast regions as subsistence crops by traditional agriculturists. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity of 21 local varieties of D. cayenensis and 2 D. rotundata accessions using 7 isozymic loci and 24 morphological markers, and to investigate the diversity distribution in different levels of organization, such as swidden fields and communities of Vale do Ribeira. Cluster analyses for both the isozymic and morphological data separated the 2 D. rotundata accessions from the D. cayenensis accessions from Vale do Ribeira. The analysis with morphological characteristics showed the presence of 2 subgroups (Iguape and Cananéia) within group I, which included all of the local varieties from Vale do Ribeira; this result may indicate the influence of the cultural units on the morphological variation. Molecular analysis of variance indicated that most of the isozymic variability was concentrated among swiddens within communities (42.5%) and within communities (40.3%). Most of the morphological variability was also concentrated among swidden fields within communities (44.8%). The correlation between geographic and genetic distances indicated that neither morphological (r = 0.17) nor isozymic diversity (r = -0.15) is structured in space. Thus, the traditional agriculturists of Vale do Ribeira maintain and manage a great diversity of D. cayenensis varieties in their communities.

Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from bovine mastitis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Phenotypic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic relationships were analyzed in 107 Staphylococcus aureus isolates recovered from cows with subclinical mastitis in Southeastern Brazil. Thirteen different biochemical patterns were detected among isolates. A predominant pattern represented by about 54% of the isolates was distributed among several herds. Isolates of distinct phenotypic profiles were also detected within a herd. Susceptibility to ampicillin, cefotaxime, cephalotin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, oxacillin, penicillin, rifampin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and vancomycin, determined by the disk diffusion method, was observed in 44.9% of isolates. On the other hand, 55.1, 7.4, and 2.8% of the strains were resistant to ampicillin/penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin, respectively. Genetic diversity was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using SmaI as the restriction enzyme. All isolates could be typed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, which identified 16 types and 24 subtypes. Type A and its subtypes comprised 54.2% of all isolates and were recovered from 6 of the 9 herds analyzed. Other types and subtypes were also found in multiple herds. Although multiple types and subtypes were found within a specific herd, a predominant type was frequently observed.

[Shone's syndrome--a case report and bibliographic review]. / Síndrome de Shone--relato de caso e revisão bibliográfica.

The case of a 15-month-old patient with Shone's anomaly is reported. This anomaly includes supravalvar mitral ring, parachute mitral valve, subaortic stenosis and coarctation. The patient underwent a corrective surgery with resection of the supravalvar mitral ring, mitral comissurotomy and resection of the subaortic stenosis, anatomically significant lesions, with good postoperative development. A bibliographical review on the anomaly was undertaken.

Conduta anestesiológica para tomografia computadorizada em crianças / Anesthesia for computerized tomography in children

Desde a introduçäo da tomografia computadorizada em neurologia pediátrica, os anestesiologistas enfrentam problemas como a prevençäo da exposiçäo à radiaçäo, sem prejuízo da monitorizaçäo do enfêrmo, associada à necessidade da absoluta imobilidade do paciente. Para a consecuçäo destes objetivos, apresenta-se esse trabalho que mostra os resultados com uma conduta que utiliza somente barbitúricos e monotorizaçäo simples, porém adequada. Foram avaliadas 20 crianças, com idade que variou de 6 meses a 12 anos. Após avaliaçäo previa, 10 pacientes foram medicados com pentobarbital oral na dose de 8 mg. kg1. Foram observados: tempo de induçäo, duraçäo do sono e possíveis complicaçöes. A monitorizaçäo dos pacientes foi feita com estetoscópio precordial especial constando de uma campânula radiotransparente e conexäo para uso a longa distância. O tempo de induçäo média foi de 7 a 30 minutos e duraçäo do sono de 90 a 320 min. A eficácia do pentobarbital oral com pequena suplementaçäo de tiopental venoso mostraram ser suficientes para realizaçäo de tomografias computadorizadas

Alteracoes macro e microscopicas dos rins de caes apos ligadura juxta-hilar da veia renal esquerda. / Macro and microscopic changes of kidneys of dogs after the juxta hilium ligation of the left renal vein

A ligadura da veia renal esquerda vem sendo assunto controvertido na literatura mundial. O estudo anatomo-patologico dos rins atingidos pela ligadura experimental foi o parametro utilizado pelos autores para maiores informacoes sobre o assunto.Foram utilizados doze caes para serem submetidos a ligadura justa-hilar da veia renal esquerda. Decorridos vinte e um dias, os caes foram submetidos a nefrectomia bilateral. As principais alteracoes macroscopicas foram diminuicao de peso e do volume, vascularizacao subcapsular bem desenvolvida e palidez difusa, especialmente cortical. A microscopia foram observados espessamento mesangial e consequente cilindruria, necrose papilar e fibrose intersticial, demosntrando um grave acometimento do rim cuja veia foi ligada. Analisando o material, conclui-se que as veias gonadal e supra-renal sao importantes vias de drenagem colateral para a preservacao da funcao renal