Subject(s)
Chlorofluorocarbons/poisoning , Inhalant Abuse/complications , Inhalant Abuse/diagnostic imaging , Ossification, Heterotopic/chemically induced , Ossification, Heterotopic/diagnostic imaging , Periostitis/chemically induced , Periostitis/diagnostic imaging , Aged , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Male , RadiographySubject(s)
Bone and Bones , Erdheim-Chester Disease/diagnosis , Osteosclerosis/diagnosis , Aged , Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnosis , Biomarkers/analysis , Biopsy , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone and Bones/immunology , Bone and Bones/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diagnostic Errors , Erdheim-Chester Disease/immunology , Female , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Osteosclerosis/immunology , Predictive Value of Tests , RadiographyABSTRACT
Bisphosphonates have been approved in the US as oral medication for the treatment of osteoporosis for about 10 years. Efficacy data exists for fracture reduction for the commonly used oral bisphosphonates but not for intravenous formulations. Based on the mechanism of action that appears to allow for longer intervals between doses, it has been possible to extend the treatment choices from the original more demanding daily oral dose to an array of options including oral weekly and more recently monthly treatment (so-called cyclical therapy) and intravenous treatment with various administration regimens. The possibility of treatment with an annual (or less frequent) intravenous administration with zoledronic acid exists. Compliance, adverse effects, and efficacy vary with each administration regimen.
