A Large Adnexal Tumor Caused by Enterobius Vermicularis Mimicking Malignancy.

Enterobius vermicularis usually causes trivial infections in the juvenile population. However, its extragenital presentation in adults is relatively rare. We present the case of a 64-year-old female suffering from poorly controlled diabetes and lower abdominal pain. CT scan showed a large tumorous expansion of the lower abdomen, mimicking malignancy. Perioperative findings revealed a large adnexal tumor adhering to the rectum. In addition, the histological examination uncovered a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with multiple surrounding eggs of the parasite and granulomatous reaction in the left fallopian tube and left ovarian cortex. As reported in our article, the rare ectopic sites of Enterobius vermicularis in postmenopause may become a diagnostic challenge.

Effect of diamond-like carbon doped with chromium on cell differentiation, immune activation and apoptosis.

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) is a biocompatible material that has many potential biomedical applications, including in orthopaedics. DLC layers doped with Cr at atomic percent (at.%) of 0, 0.9, 1.8, 7.3, and 7.7 at.% were evaluated with reference to their osteoinductivity with human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), immune activation potential with RAW 264.7 macrophage-like cells, and their effect on apoptosis in Saos-2 human osteoblast-like cells and neonatal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). At mRNA level, hMSCs on DLC doped with 0.9 and 7.7 at.% of Cr reached higher maximum values of both RUNX2 and alkaline phosphatase. An earlier onset of mRNA production of type I collagen and osteocalcin was also observed on these samples; they also supported the production of both type I collagen and osteocalcin. RAW 264.7 macrophages were screened using a RayBio™ Human Cytokine Array for cytokine production. 10 cytokines were at a concentration more than 2 × as high as the concentration of a positive control, but the values for the DLC samples were only moderately higher than the values on glass. NHDF cells, but not Saos-2 cells, had a higher expression of pro-apoptotic markers Bax and Bim and a lower expression of anti-apoptotic factor BCL-XL in proportion to the Cr content. Increased apoptosis was also proven by annexin V staining. These results show that a Cr-doped DLC layer with a lower Cr content can act as an osteoinductive material with relatively low immunogenicity, but that a higher Cr content can induce cell apoptosis.

[Use of methotrexate in the ectopic pregnancy and pregnancy of unknown location]. / Pouzití metotrexátu u ektopické gravidity a tehotenství neznámé lokalizace.

OBJECTIVE: There are only a few gynaecological departments in the Czech Republic that use medical treatment of the ectopic pregnancy (EP) or persistent pregnancy of unknown location (PUL). We have started using this method in 2008 at our clinic. The aim of this study was to assess the success rate of conservative medical treatment with methotrexate (MTX) in the dose of 1 mg/kg intramuscularly in patients with ectopic pregnancy or persistent pregnancy of unknown location and to compare the results of clinical history, clinical finding and laboratory results in a group of successful and a group of unsuccessful treatment. TYPE OF STUDY: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Charles University in Prague, 1st Medical Faculty and Hospital Bulovka, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prague. METHODS: Patients diagnosed with EP or persistent PUL diagnosed at the outpatient of our clinic in 01/2008 - 08/2014 who were hemodynamically stable and fulfilled the indication for medical treatment were enrolled in the study. Treatment success was decrease of free subunit of ß-hCG (ß-hCG) < 5 IU/L independent of the number of methotrexate doses administered. RESULTS: Two hundred and eleven patients were diagnosed with EP or PUL, sixty-three were eligible for our study and fulfilled the criteria for methotrexate treatment, fifty six women were finally analysed. From this number forty eight (86%) had clinically and laboratory diagnosed EP and eight (14%) were diagnosed with persistent PUL. Forty one patients (73%) had a successfull treatment (Group I) with the ß-hCG level decrease <5 IU/L in a mean time of 27 days. When comparing the data of successful and unsuccessful treatment (Group II) we found a difference in the non-significant initial ß-hCG level. In Group I there was a median ß-hCG 538 IU/L (100-3852 IU/l), whereas in the unsuccessful Group II it was 1100 IU/L (300-3240 IU/l). Group I included more nuliparous women and more women with clinical histories of EP. Group II included more heavy smokers. The mean hematosalpinx diameter for group II, measured by transvaginal ultrasound, was larger. There were also more patients with endometriosis or deep infiltrating endometriosis in Group II, subsequently verified during laparoscopy, compared to Group I. There was no tubal rupture in these patients. CONCLUSION: The results of our study are comparable with foreign literature publications. We consider the pharmacological treatment of ectopic preganancy or persistent pregnancy of unknown location as effective and relatively safe for patients, with similar impact on a woman's fertility as laparoscopic salpingectomy.