[Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C in Germany--an analysis of 10,326 patients in hepatitis centres and outpatient units]. / Epidemiologie der chronischen Hepatitis C in Deutschland--Eine Analyse von 10,326 Hepatitis-C-Virus-Infizierten aus Schwerpunktpraxen und -ambulanzen.

Little is known about the epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) in Germany and especially about the importance of transmission, duration of infection, genotypes, symptoms and quality of life of the patients. The current study prospectively evaluates epidemiological and clinical data of patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Using online data entry, various characteristics of 10,326 untreated patients with CHC were documented from March 2003 until May 2006 in 352 centres all over Germany. Mean age of patients was 43.4 years. Patients infected by i.v. drug abuse were considerably younger (36.5 years) than the remaining patients (49.2 years). As indicated by their native language, 64.4% of the patients came from Germany and 19.2% from Russia. 61.7% were infected with genotype 1 and 34.9% with genotype 2 or 3. 45.5% of the patients had been infected by i.v. drug abuse. In at least 5.4% of the patients liver cirrhosis had been proved by biopsy. 63.5% of the patients felt an impairment of quality of life caused by CHC. In many patients infected with hepatitis C socio-economic issues are existent. This is reflected, i.e., in very high rates of unemployment in special subpopulations. Coinfections with hepatitis B and HIV occurred in 1.5% and 4.7%, respectively. Nearly 80% of patients were managed near their homes. The data of the 10 326 patients represent about 2% of all German patients with CHC. This database is up to now the largest of its kind and gives a representative insight into the epidemiological situation of CHC in Germany.

[International interhospital transfer by scheduled airline]. / Internationaler Interhospitaltransfer mit dem Linienflugzeug.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: International long-distance travel increasingly takes elderly and sometimes already ill persons to foreign countries. In case of illness it is usually best, for both medical and social reasons, that the person return home. This study was undertaken to assess possibilities and limits of bringing such patients home by scheduled airline. PATIENT AND METHODS: The transportation reports and case notes of 95 patients who had been repatriated to Germany in 1995 and 1996 for medical reasons were analysed retrospectively. The mean age was 56 (16-94) years. 50% of the patients had medical, 23% surgical, 19% neurological and 8% psychiatric illnesses. RESULTS: None of the patients died during transport. The NACA score (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, USA) for determining the degree of severity of an illness (point scale 1-7) in this group of patients was between 1 and 4, median of 3. Five patients with a score of 5 or higher were judged not to be fit for transport. Two were repatriated by ambulance plane, in three transport was postponed by a few days. No invasive procedures, other than providing intravenous access, were necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who fall ill abroad can be safely and carefully brought home by scheduled airliner over great distances without additional risk caused by the transport. Ambulance planes are needed only in illnesses with an NACA score of 4 or higher.