ABSTRACT
Nicotine e-cigarettes are a safe and effective way to help patients stop smoking.
Subject(s)
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems , Smoking Cessation , Humans , Smoking Cessation/methods , Vaping/adverse effects , Tobacco Use Cessation Devices , Smoking/adverse effects , Smoking/epidemiologyABSTRACT
In hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), a less aggressive supplemental insulin regimen is noninferior to a standard, more aggressive, supplemental regimen.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Insulin , Humans , Insulin/therapeutic use , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Blood Glucose , Drug Administration Schedule , Inpatients , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , HospitalizationABSTRACT
While treatment with metformin or lifestyle modification reduces risk for T2D in patients with prediabetes, neither intervention ultimately offers a mortality benefit.
Subject(s)
Metformin , Prediabetic State , Humans , Prediabetic State/diagnosis , Prediabetic State/therapy , Behavior Therapy , Life Style , Metformin/therapeutic useABSTRACT
YES. Low-dose naltrexone is as effective as amitriptyline in the treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy and has a superior safety profile (strength of recommendation [SOR], B; single randomized controlled trial [RCT]). Low-dose naltrexone significantly reduced pain by 32% in inflammatory conditions and 44% in neuropathic conditions (SOR, B; single retrospective cohort study). Doses as low as 5.4 mg were found to reduce pain in 95% of patients with fibromyalgia (SOR, B; single prospective dose-response study).
Subject(s)
Fibromyalgia , Naltrexone , Humans , Naltrexone/therapeutic use , Pain Management , Amitriptyline , Fibromyalgia/drug therapy , PainABSTRACT
NO. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) does not prevent cognitive decline in postmenopausal women-and in fact, it may slightly increase risk (strength of recommendation, A; systematic review, meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials [RCTs], and individual RCT).
Subject(s)
Cognitive Dysfunction , Postmenopause , Female , Humans , Cognitive Dysfunction/prevention & control , Hormone Replacement Therapy , Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Yes for exacerbations, no for hospitalizations. Prophylactic azithro-mycin reduces the number of exacerbations by about 25%. It also extends the time between exacerbations by approximately 90 days for patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Azithromycin benefits patients who are >65 years, patients with Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage II or III COPD, former smokers, and patients using long-term oxygen; it doesn't benefit patients ≤65 years, patients with GOLD stage IV COPD, current smokers, or patients not using oxygen (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Prophylactic azithromycin doesn't reduce hospitalizations overall (SOR: B, single small RCT).
