[Dr Stanislav Zupic (1897-1973) - a remarkable figure in Croatian psychiatry]. / Dr Stanislav Zupic (1897.-1973.) -osebujna licnost Hrvatske psihijatrije.

Stanislav Zupic (1897-1973) spent most of his career (1920-1962) in the Psychiatric Hospital Vrapce, Zagreb, Croatia and was its 8th director from 1940 to 1941. He is remembered by a number innovations in treating psychoses, by a pioneering Croatian psychodrama (in 1938, he published a play Coming back to Life), and by introducing bibliotherapy, musical therapy, art therapy, and homeopathy to treat mental illnesses. On his initiative, the psychiatric hospital introduced treatment with insulin-provoked comma, convulsive therapy, Largactil, and other state-of-the-art psychopharmaceuticals. In addition to treatment, he provided forensic expertise. His free time he would spend writing pathographies of artists and literary critics. In 1924, he was one of the founders of the Yugoslav Anthroposophical Society Marija Sofija, which is still active in Zagreb. From 1935, he had been collecting interesting exhibits for what was to become the core of the hospital museum.

[The tribute of the pioneer of hypnotherapy--Franz Anton Mesmer, MD, PhD in the history of psychotherapy and medicine]. / Doprinos pionira hipnoterapije--Dr. Franza Antona Mesmera u povijesti psihoterapije i medicine.

Modern hypnosis started with the Austrian physician Franz Anton Mesmer (1734-1815), who believed that the phenomenon known as mesmerism, or animal magnetism, or fluidum was related to an invisible substance--a fluid that runs within the subject or between the subject and the therapist, that is, the hypnotist, or the "magnetizer". The term hypnosis was introduced in the 1840s by a Scottish surgeon James Braid (1795-1860), who believed the subject to be in a particular state of sleep--a trance. In the late 19th century, a French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot (1825-1893) thought hypnotism to be a special physiological state, and his contemporary Hyppotite-Marie Bernheim (1840-1919) believed it to be a psychological state of heightened suggestibility. Sigmund Freud, who studied with Charcot, used hypnosis early in his career to help patients recover repressed memories. He noted that patients would relive traumatic events while under hypnosis, a process know as abreaction. Freud later replaced hypnosis with the technique of free associations. Today, hypnosis is used as a form of therapy (hypnotherapy), a method of investigation to recover lost memories, and research tool. According to Caplan & Sadock, F.A. Mesmer is generally thought of as the fons et origo of modern psychotherapy; and from the early techniques of mesmerism, it is said, have evolved the more elaborate and sophisticated therapeutic measures of the analyst and his colleagues. Although Mesmer was certainly dealing with individuals suffering from a variety of neurotic disorders, and though the clinical successes he achieved were the result of psychological processes that his procedures induced in his patients, Mesmer's theoretical formulations, his understanding of the nature of the treatment he developed, and his specific procedures were all totally different from those of the 20th century analyst. He was one of the corne stones in the development of psychoanalysis through hypnosis mainly of hysterical patients.

[Dr Srecko Marac (1921-1985): a physician, sychiatrist/phychotherapist, and a poet]. / Dr Srecko Marac (1921.1985.): lijecnik - psihijatar/psihoterapeut i pjesnik.

Srecko Marac was born in Susak in 1921 and died in Zagreb in 1990. Having completed the Susak grammar school, he moved to Padua and later to Zagreb to study medicine. During WW2 he dropped the studies and joined the antifascist resistance known as the People's Liberation War. After the war, he completed medical studies in Zagreb. He worked as army physician in Bjelovar and in the Military Hospital in Zagreb. He specialised in psychiatry and practiced psychotherapy in the former Zagreb Mental Health Centre. In 1973, he published his first selection of poems wrought over a long time, with a simple title Pjesme (Poems). The aim of this article was to take a better look at this 1973 collection, see its structure and composition, its content, moods, and ways it communicates to the reader. The collection consists of five parts: Ad tyrannos, Iz partizana (from Resistance), Lutanja/ traZenja/snovi...(Roamings, Quests, Dreams...), Satire i kusanja humora (Satire and Attempts at Humour), and More/brda i domovina (Sea, Hills, and Homeland). Instead of a conclusion, this article proposes to save this wonderful and compassionate poetphysician from oblivion.

Hinko Emili of Rijeka: a physician, a scientist and a photography enthusiast.

This review is dedicated to the life and work of a physician, scientist, and university professor Hinko Emili (Rijeka, 1900-1983). Particular attention has been given to the artistic part of his vast work. As an epidemiologist, he was particularly interested in water (its sources, exploitation, distribution, disease-causing bacteria, microorganisms, and chemical elements in it). The article brings a bibliography counting 84 published research articles. Just as interesting is Dr Emili's work in photography, which went beyond mere hobby and has a genuine artistic merit. Well many documents witness to either of his passions. Describing the sophisticated artistic atmosphere in the Rijeka of the 1920s and 1930s, this article shows how much of it is owed to amateur and art photography. It concludes that both passions of professor Hinko Emili- medicine and art photography - share a common drive, that is, his strong sense of humanism and a subtle outlook on the world of his time.

[Movement and dance therapy in the context of sport and recreation during winter in Zagreb, Croatia]. / Terapija pokretom i plesom u kontekstu sporta i rekreacije zimi u Zagrebu.

The author defines the movement as the act or process of moving, an instance of this, an impulse; the development of action, a rhythmic quality; the moving parts of an organism or a particular group of such parts (muscles). Movement is moving or being moved: activity (contrasted with quiet and rest): the cat changing positions. The author describes, discusses, systematises movements and movement therapy; he analyses, interprets, comments these issues and examines the relationship of psyche (soul) and body in the very context as well as correlations of movement and dance therapy.