ABSTRACT
Tokamak operational regimes with small edge localized modes (ELMs) could be a solution to the problem of large transient heat loads in fusion reactors. A ballooning mode near the last closed flux surface governed by the pressure gradient and the magnetic shear there has been proposed for small ELMs. In this Letter, we experimentally investigate several stabilizing effects near the last closed flux surface and present linear ideal simulations that indeed develop ballooninglike fluctuations there and connect them with nonlinear resistive simulations. The dimensionless parameters of the small ELM regime in the region of interest are very similar to those in a reactor, making this regime the ideal exhaust scenario for a future device.
ABSTRACT
Cytogenetic analyses were performed on dividing cells from the peritoneal effluent of 26 patients undergoing chronic peritoneal dialysis (CPD). Numerical and structural abnormalities of karyotype served as the diagnostic criteria for "atypical cells." The following cytogenetic abnormalities were observed in 7 patients: hyperdiploidy (in 6 patients), hypodiploidy (in 2 patients), and marker chromosomes (in 2 patients). In 3 patients more than one chromosome abnormality was present. Dividing cells with normal mitoses were observed in 11 patients, while in the remaining 8 patients no dividing cells could be found. There were no differences in age, sex, duration of dialysis, and peritonitis incidence between patients with pathological mitoses and those without it. The question whether this unexpected finding is a consequence of immunosuppressed uremic status, dialysis procedure, or some other factor remains to be elucidated.
Subject(s)
Dialysis Solutions , Kidney Failure, Chronic/genetics , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Peritoneal Cavity/cytology , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Peritoneal Dialysis , Cell Division , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Karyotyping , Kidney Failure, Chronic/pathology , Male , Metaphase , Middle Aged , Peritonitis/genetics , Peritonitis/pathology , PloidiesSubject(s)
Bacterial Vaccines , Peritoneal Dialysis , Peritonitis/microbiology , Peritonitis/prevention & control , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcus epidermidis/immunology , Vaccination , Antibodies, Bacterial/analysis , Antibodies, Bacterial/blood , Ascitic Fluid/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunization Schedule , Incidence , Male , Middle Aged , Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory , Pilot Projects , Time FactorsSubject(s)
Hemodialysis, Home , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Adult , Female , Hemodialysis, Home/psychology , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Five patients with Hodgkin's disease (IV stage) were implanted with fetal human thymus. Implantation were performed under the fascia of rectus abdominis muscle. Thymuses were obtained from fetuses 4-5 month old in aseptic condition and stored in tissue culture medium 199, before implantation. Immunological studies carried out during 4-6 months, revealed the elevation of the number of the lymphocyte in the peripheral blood, normalization of the number of rosete forming cells (RFC) as well as the response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation. Two patients had long improvement of immunological responsiveness, but the other 3 only a transitient one during the first month after implantation. The possibility of the immunologic treatment in the early stages of Hodgkin's disease is discussed.
