Synopsis of the Ptiloneuropsis Roesler, 1940 (Psocodea: Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae), with a new cave-dwelling species from Brazil.

A new cave-dwelling species of Ptiloneuropsis from southeastern Brazil, is here described based on both sexes, illustrated and named as: Ptiloneuropsis krenaki sp. nov. This new species differs from Ptiloneuropsis immaculata Roesler, 1940 and Ptiloneuropsis diamantina Silva-Neto, Garca Aldrete & Rafael, 2018 in details of the hypandrium and phallosome. In addition to the third new species of the Ptiloneuropsis, descriptions of variation in the fore and hindwings veins are also given. The diagnosis of Ptiloneuropsis is updated, and P. immaculata is redescribed. Furthermore, the first identification key for Ptiloneuropsis species, based on males, is presented.

A new species of Triplocania Roesler of the Magnifica species group (Psocodea, Psocoptera, Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil.

A new species of Triplocania Roesler included in the magnifica species-group is here described, illustrated and named as: Triplocania oiapoque n. sp. based on male and female specimens. In addition to the fourth new species of the magnifica species-group, descriptions of variations in forewing venation were also made for it, as well as an additional description of the ejaculatory duct, accessory glands, and spermatic sacs, recorded for the first time in Triplocania species. A new geographic record for Triplocania magnifica Roesler and an updated species key for the magnifica species-group are also presented.

Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of a new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species.

Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 has a cosmopolitan distribution and is a poorly studied genus of big-headed flies (Pipunculidae) in the Neotropical Region, completely unknown in Colombia. A new species is described from protected areas and conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely Clistoabdominalis lucyae sp. nov. (type-locality: Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona). Clistoabdominalis spinitibialis (Hardy, 1954) is recorded for the first time in Colombia, and an amended diagnosis provided. Illustrations and a dichotomic key to the Neotropical species of Clistoabdominalis are also presented.

Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of three new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species.

Pipunculus Latreille, 1802 is a cosmopolitan genus of big-headed flies (Pipunculidae), with nine known species in the Neotropical region, but completely unknown in Colombia. Three new species of Pipunculus are described from Colombia, namely Pipunculus caeruleus sp. nov. (type-locality: Pramo de Santa Ins, Belmira), P. chiminiguagua sp. nov. (type-locality: Cabaa Chaina, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque) and P. planus sp. nov. (type-locality: Los Mudos, Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque). Illustrations and a new dichotomic key to the Neotropical species are presented. This paper increases the number of Neotropical Pipunculus to 11, five in South America and three in Colombia, which is now the South American country with the highest diversity of this genus.

Redescription of Hybusa occidentalis (Westwood) (Orthoptera: Proscopiidae: Hybusinae): new images, description of male genitalia, pictorial key of Hybusa species and morphological comparison of Hybusinae with Xeniinae and Proscopiinae.

Proscopiidae (Orthoptera: Caelifera) are grasshoppers found in Central and South America, often mistaken for true stick insects (Phasmatodea) due to their stick-like appearance. The family comprises three subfamilies: Hybusinae, Proscopiinae, and Xeniinae, with Hybusinae as the smallest subfamily, housing the genus Hybusa Erichson, which contains four species endemic to Chile. Considering that the most recent comprehensive taxonomic assessment of this genus was conducted approximately three decades ago, herein we redescribe the type species of Hybusa, H. occidentalis (Westwood), based on males and females. The study includes new images of H. occidentalis body and male genitalia, along with a comprehensive pictorial key for all Hybusa species using available type material. Additionally, a morphological comparison between Hybusa and other Proscopiidae taxa is presented.

Redescription of Nannicerus Maldonado-Capriles, 1997 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Eurymelinae: Chiasmdolini) and description of two new species from North Brazil.

Nannicerus Maldonado-Capriles, 1977, a previously monotypic genus known from Guyana, is newly recorded from Brazil based on specimens of N. gracilis Maldonado-Capriles, 1977 and two new species from Amazonas State, namely: N. curica sp. nov. and N. grandis sp. nov. A key to species is provided.

Intraspecific wing venation and phallosome taxonomy updates in species of Loneura Navs (Psocodea, Ptiloneuridae), with one new species from cave and key to Loneura species from Brazil.

cavernicola sp. nov. is here described and illustrated, based on male and female specimens collected in caves located in an ecotone region between the Brazilian Savannah (Cerrado biome) and the Atlantic Forest, in Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. Illustrations are provided of 19 types of variation in the fore and hindwings veins of males and females. Illustrations are presented of the holotype of L. maracaensis Garca Aldrete, along with illustrations of 18 types of variation in the fore and hindwing veins of males and females. Additionally, a new methodology applied in some specimens of L. maracaensis to process the genital pieces allowed us to know the arrangement and delimitations of each of the sclerites and their possible position during copulation. We therefore propose a phallosome taxonomic update. In these everted male genitalia, the spermatic sac and attached glands were identified for the first time. An identification key is presented to the Brazilian species of Loneura, based on males.

Cephalosphaera Enderlein and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of nine new species and an updated key to their Neotropical species.

Cephalosphaera Enderlein, 1936 and Neocephalosphaera De Meyer, 1994 have a cosmopolitan distribution and they include a few studied species in the Neotropical region. Both genera are entirely unknown in Colombia. One new species of Cephalosphaera and eight of Neocephalosphaera are described from protected areas and from conflict-territories of limited access in Colombia, namely, Cephalosphaera munchiquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Munchique, La Romelia, Cauca, 2640 m), Neocephalosphaera carinae sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Cabaa Mamarramos, Boyac, 2855 m), N. grisea sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Los Mudos, Boyac, 2840 m), N. iguaquensis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, El Nispero, Boyac, 2730 m), N. muisca sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Boyac, 2855 m), N. paolae sp. nov. (type locality: San Jos del Fragua, Caquet, 1270 m), N. spinifera sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Los Colorados, Alto El Mirador, Bolvar, 400 m), N. spiralis sp. nov. (type locality: Santuario de Fauna y Flora Iguaque, Quebrada Carrizal, Boyac, 3350 m) and N. sumapazensis sp. nov. (type locality: Parque Nacional Natural Sumapaz, Cabaa Las Mirias, Meta, 735 m). Illustrations and a dichotomic key to the Neotropical species of these two genera are presented.

Cephalops Falln and Semicephalops De Meyer (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of five new species and an updated key to males of the Neotropical species.

The pipunculid genera Cephalops Falln, 1810 and Semicephalops De Meyer, 1994 are cosmopolitan in distribution. These two genera have just a few species known from the Neotropical Region and they were completely unknown to Colombia. Four new species of Cephalops and one species of Semicephalops are described from protected areas and conflict-territories of limited access in Colombia, namely Cephalops acutus sp. nov. (type locality: Caaveral, Magdalena), C. gracilis sp. nov. (type locality: El Nspero, Boyac), C. klinsmanni sp. nov. (type locality: Las Brisas, Caquet), C. lobatus sp. nov. (type locality: El Nspero, Boyac) and Semicephalops folium sp. nov. (type locality: Quebrada Carrizal, Boyac). With this paper, the number of Cephalops species from the Neotropical Region increase from 13 to 17 and that of Semicephalops from five to six. Cephalops amapaensis Rafael, 1990 and Semicephalops inpaganus Rafael, 1990 are recorded for the first time from Colombia, and amended diagnosis are provided for both. A dichotomic key to the Neotropical species of both genera is presented.

Two new species of Periphloea Redtenbacher, 1906 (Insecta: Phasmatodea: Pseudophasmatidae) from the Brazilian Amazon Basin.

Two new species of Periphloea Redtenbacher are described based on female specimens from the Brazilian Amazon Basin, namely: P. amazonica sp. nov. (from North of Manaus, ZF-2 reserve, State of Amazonas, Brazil) and P. paraensis sp. nov. (from Eldorado dos Carajs, State of Par, Brazil). The new species are compared to the other three species (all known from females) and a map of geographical records of the genus is provided, as well as an identification key to females of Periphloea.

Identification key, checklist and new species of Loneura Navs (Psocodea: 'Psocoptera: Ptiloneuridae) from Brazil.

Four Brazilian species of Loneura are described and assigned to infrageneric groups: L. digitiformis n. sp., L. manauara n. sp., and L. marinonii n. sp, to Loneura group I, and L. duckei n. sp. to Loneura group II. This genus now comprises 45 species, of which 8 (18%) are from Brazil. Of these species, 19 are known only from males, 4 known only from females, 21 are known from both sexes, with one species of unknown sex. The infrageneric classification is based on the number of hypandrium sclerites, either one or three, and is based on the 40 species for which males are known, with 20 species in Group I and 20 species in Group II. An identification key to species from Brazil based on male characters is provided, together with a checklist.

Two new and rare genera of angle-winged katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Microcentrini) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest.

Angle-winged katydids belong to the Microcentrini Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 (Phaneropterinae: Tettigoniidae). This tribe currently comprises 17 genera and 102 species with a Neotropical distribution. In this paper we described two new genera with two new species each: Capanema gen. nov. including Capanema pocanga sp. nov. (type species) and Capanema capara sp. nov.; Tukunha gen. nov., including Tukunha pinimauna sp. nov. (type species) and Tukunha minor sp. nov., comprising a total of four new species. Keys to the species of the described genera, maps and observations of natural history are provided.

Tomosvaryella Aczél (Diptera: Pipunculidae) of Colombia, with description of two new species.

Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 has a cosmopolitan distribution and is a genus well studied in general in the Neotropical Region. However, in Colombia only three species were recorded. Two new species of Tomosvaryella are described from protected areas and from conflict territories of limited access in Colombia, namely: Tomosvaryella macarenensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Serrania Macarena, Meta) and T. martae sp. nov. (type-locality: San Vicente del Caguan, Caquetá). The female of T. tuberculata Hardy, 1948 is described. Tomosvaryella similis (Hough, 1899) is new to South America (Colombia) and T. galapagensis (Curran, 1934), T. lynchi (Shannon, 1927), T. mexicanensis Ale-Rocha Rafael, 1995, T. similis, T. tuberculata and T. venezuelana Ale-Rocha, 1993 are reported for the first time in Colombia. Illustrations and a dichotomic key to Colombian species of Tomosvaryella are presented. Furthermore, the diagnosis of all species recorded in Colombia are amended. The Tomosvaryella fauna is increased from three to 11 species in Colombia.

Four new species of Macrostomus Wiedemann and a checklist of Empididae s. str. (Diptera) from Peru.

Twelve Peruvian species of Macrostomus Wiedemann were studied. Macrostomus apicalis (Bezzi, 1909) is redescribed based on female holotype. Four new species are described: M. chelicercus sp. nov. (type-locality: Cuzco, Quincemil), M. contortus sp. nov. (type-locality: Cuzco, Quincemil), M. hyalopteryx sp. nov. (type-locality: Cuzco, Ttio) and M. unilineatus sp. nov. (type-locality: Junin, Oxapampa). A key to the 12 species of Macrostomus found in Peru is presented. A checklist of 50 known species of Peruvian Empididae s. str. is included. Atrichopleura schnusei Bezzi, 1909 is excluded from the Peruvian fauna.

Redescription of Dasythrix inornata (Loew, 1851) (Diptera: Asilidae: Laphriinae) with a new synonym and new distribution records.

The holotype of Dasythrix inornata (Loew, 1851) is redescribed and illustrated. Male terminalia are described and illustrated for the first time. Dasythrix leucophaea Lynch Arribálzaga, 1880 syn. nov., is synonymized with D. inornata. Consequently, Dasythrix is a monotypic genus. New distribution records are provided. Laphria heteronevra Macquart, 1838, currently placed in Laxenecera Macquart, 1838, has its previous combination with Nusa Walker, 1851 revalidated, becoming Nusa heteronevra (Macquart, 1838) comb. rev. The status of Dasythrix Loew, 1851 is also discussed.

A catalog of the Brachystomatidae of Chile (Diptera: Empidoidea).

A catalog of the Brachystomatidae of Chile is provided. We present all valid names and synonyms for the 36 species and five genera distributed in the country, including information about name, author, year of publication, page number, type species, type depository, type locality and references. Heterophlebus Philippi is the richest genus in Chile, with 16 species, followed by Apalocnemis Philippi with 11 species, Ceratomerus Philippi with seven and Gondwanamyia Sinclair, Cumming, Brooks, Plant Saigusa and Hyperperacera Collin with one species each. The geographical distribution of the different species was compiled from bibliographic data and revised collections.

A new species of Loneura Navás and taxonomic update of L. boliviana Williner and L. meridionalis García Aldrete (Psocodea: Psocomorpha: Ptiloneuridae).

A new species of Loneura named as Loneura willineri n. sp. is described from Bolivia, and and variation in the venation of the fore and hindwings discussed. Both sexes of Loneura meridionalis García Aldrete are described, inclulding variation in the fore and hindwing venation, and this species is withdrawn from synonymy with Loneura boliviana, a species now considered a nomen dubium.