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1.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis ; 42(4): 481-491, 2023 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36820931

ABSTRACT

It is unclear whether norfloxacin predisposes to infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). We aimed to evaluate if patients with cirrhosis receiving norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections were more likely to present a multidrug-resistant isolate than those without prophylaxis. This is a cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections from Argentina and Uruguay (NCT03919032) from September 2018 to December 2020. The outcome variable was a multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of norfloxacin on infection caused by MDROs considering potential confounders. Among the 472 patients from 28 centers, 53 (11%) were receiving norfloxacin at the time of the bacterial infection. Patients receiving norfloxacin had higher MELD-sodium, were more likely to have ascites or encephalopathy, to receive rifaximin, beta-blockers, and proton-pump inhibitors, to have a nosocomial or health-care-associated infection, prior bacterial infections, admissions to critical care units or invasive procedures, and to be admitted in a liver transplant center. In addition, we found that 13 (24.5%) patients with norfloxacin and 90 (21.5%) of those not receiving it presented infections caused by MDROs (adjusted OR 1.55; 95% CI: 0.60-4.03; p = 0.360). The use of norfloxacin prophylaxis at the time of the diagnosis of bacterial infections was not associated with multidrug resistance. These results help empiric antibiotic selection and reassure the current indication of norfloxacin prophylaxis in well-selected patients.Study registration number: NCT03919032.


Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections , Peritonitis , Humans , Norfloxacin/therapeutic use , Cross-Sectional Studies , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/microbiology , Peritonitis/microbiology , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Antibiotic Prophylaxis/adverse effects
2.
Transpl Int ; 27(12): 1244-52, 2014 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25052132

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to identify potential risk factors linked to neurologic events (NE) occurring after liver transplantation (LT) and use them to construct a model to predict such events. From odds ratios (OR) of risk factors, a scoring system was assessed using multivariate regression analysis. Forty-one of 307 LT patients presented NE (13.3%), with prolonged hospital stay and decreased post-LT survival. On multivariate analysis, factors associated with NE included: severe pre-LT ascites OR 3.9 (1.80-8.41; P = 0.001), delta sodium ≥12 mEq/l OR 3.5 (1.36-8.67; P = 0.01), and post-LT hypomagnesemia OR 2.9 (1.37-5.98; P = 0.005). Points were assigned depending on ORs as follows: ascites 4 points, and hypomagnesemia and delta sodium ≥12 mEq/l, 3 points each (score range = 0-10 points). ROC curve analysis suggested good discriminative power for the model, with a c-statistic of 0.72 (CI 0.62-0.81; P < 0.0001), best performance for a cutoff value >3 points (71% sensitivity, 60% specificity). NE risk increased progressively from 6.4%, to 10.3%, 12.8%, 31.5% and 71.0% as scores rose from 0 to 3, 4, 6-7 and 10 cumulative points, respectively. The score described helps to identify patients potentially at risk for neurologic events, and its prevention would decrease morbidity and mortality after LT.


Subject(s)
Consciousness Disorders/epidemiology , Delirium/epidemiology , Dysarthria/epidemiology , Liver Transplantation , Movement Disorders/epidemiology , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Seizures/epidemiology , Vision Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Confidence Intervals , Consciousness Disorders/etiology , Delirium/etiology , Dysarthria/etiology , Female , Humans , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Magnesium/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Movement Disorders/etiology , Odds Ratio , Postoperative Complications/blood , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk , Seizures/etiology , Sodium/blood , Vision Disorders/etiology
3.
Liver Int ; 26(6): 660-5, 2006 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16842321

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: During the years preceding this study, we noticed a relatively unusual high number of individuals with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in O'Brien, a small rural town in Argentina. Moreover, four individuals from this town underwent liver transplantation owing to hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced liver cirrhosis. These findings prompted us to conduct a large population-based survey to evaluate the prevalence of HCV in this community. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 1637 individuals were studied. The overall HCV-seroprevalence was 5.7% (93/1637), being slightly higher in men (45/769; 5.9%) than in women (48/868; 5.5%). HCV seroprevalence increased with age, reaching a peak rate of 23.9% among individuals between 61 and 70 years of age. HCV RNA was present in 82.7% of all HCV seropositive individuals identified and 100% of them were infected with genotype 1b. ALT elevations were detected in 44% of HCV+ patients and were only observed among viremic individuals. Hepatitis B virus infection was also prevalent (52%) among HCV-seropositive patients. The most common risk factor associated with HCV transmission identified was the apparent use of inadequately sterilized glass syringes by a health care provider serving the community; however, other risk factors may have also played a role in the dissemination of HCV. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide an explanation for the relative high number of individuals with elevated ALT levels observed in this community and form the basis of future prospective studies on the natural history of genotype 1b infection.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/virology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Alanine Transaminase/blood , Argentina/epidemiology , Child , Female , Genotype , Hepacivirus/genetics , Hepacivirus/isolation & purification , Hepatitis C/enzymology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , RNA, Viral/blood , RNA, Viral/genetics , Rural Population , Seroepidemiologic Studies
4.
Buenos Aires; s.n; 2001. 36 p. tab, graf.
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: biblio-1205599

ABSTRACT

O’Brien es un pueblo rural de la Prov. de Buenos Aires con 2300 habitantes. Durante la última década, los profesionales de O’Brien notaron una inusual frecuencia de elevación de transaminasas en análisis obtenidos por rutina y un número creciente de pacientes con diagnóstico de hepatitis C, incluyendo 4 casos que requirieron trasplante hepático por cirrosis avanzada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia de infección y hepatitis por HCV en O’Brien. En 1832 de los 2300 habitantes (80 por ciento) se investigó la presencia de anti-HCV por un EIE de 3ª generación. La prevalencia de infección por HCV en O’Brien fue de 5.6 por ciento (102/1832), 0.56 por ciento en los individuos 40 años (p<0.001) con un pico máximo de 23.4 por ciento entre la 6ª y 7ª década. La edad mediana de los 102 pacientes infectados (52 mujeres y 50 hombres) fue de 60 años con un rango de 7 a 81 años. El 89 por ciento de los sueros reactivos por EIE fueron confirmados por RIBA-3. Once pacientes fueron RIBA-indeterminados y ninguno RIBA-negativo. El internvalo estimado entre la infección y el diagnóstico fue de 36ñ8 años. A pesar de la prolongada duración de la infección, el 81 por ciento de los pacientes (83/102) presentaron HCV RNA detectable en suero por PCR y el 59 por ciento (60/102) elevación de transaminasas. La presencia de viremia se asoció significativamente con la positividad del RIBA (99 por ciento, p<0.001) y con la elevación de AST/ALT (72 por ciento, p<0.001). El genotipo de HCV, determinado por la técnica de RFLP, fue 1b en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes virémicos, hallazgo que diferencia a este estudio de todas las series publicadas... (TRUNCADO)


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Child , Adult , Aged , Argentina/epidemiology , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/epidemiology , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Risk Factors , Hepacivirus , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Natural History of Diseases , Community-Acquired Infections , Health Surveys , Prevalence , Mass Screening
5.
Buenos Aires; s.n; 2001. 36 p. tab, graf. (83643).
Monography in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-83643

ABSTRACT

OBrien es un pueblo rural de la Prov. de Buenos Aires con 2300 habitantes. Durante la última década, los profesionales de OBrien notaron una inusual frecuencia de elevación de transaminasas en análisis obtenidos por rutina y un número creciente de pacientes con diagnóstico de hepatitis C, incluyendo 4 casos que requirieron trasplante hepático por cirrosis avanzada. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la prevalencia de infección y hepatitis por HCV en OBrien. En 1832 de los 2300 habitantes (80 por ciento) se investigó la presencia de anti-HCV por un EIE de 3ª generación. La prevalencia de infección por HCV en OBrien fue de 5.6 por ciento (102/1832), 0.56 por ciento en los individuos <40 años y 12.6 por ciento en aquellos >40 años (p<0.001) con un pico máximo de 23.4 por ciento entre la 6ª y 7ª década. La edad mediana de los 102 pacientes infectados (52 mujeres y 50 hombres) fue de 60 años con un rango de 7 a 81 años. El 89 por ciento de los sueros reactivos por EIE fueron confirmados por RIBA-3. Once pacientes fueron RIBA-indeterminados y ninguno RIBA-negativo. El internvalo estimado entre la infección y el diagnóstico fue de 36ñ8 años. A pesar de la prolongada duración de la infección, el 81 por ciento de los pacientes (83/102) presentaron HCV RNA detectable en suero por PCR y el 59 por ciento (60/102) elevación de transaminasas. La presencia de viremia se asoció significativamente con la positividad del RIBA (99 por ciento, p<0.001) y con la elevación de AST/ALT (72 por ciento, p<0.001). El genotipo de HCV, determinado por la técnica de RFLP, fue 1b en el 100 por ciento de los pacientes virémicos, hallazgo que diferencia a este estudio de todas las series publicadas... (TRUNCADO)(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/transmission , Natural History of Diseases , Argentina/epidemiology , Mass Screening , Health Surveys , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Community-Acquired Infections , Hepacivirus , Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic/epidemiology
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