ABSTRACT
Herpesviruses (HV) are pathogens causing infections in humans and animals worldwide. Since it shares many common features with other HV, bovine HV type 1 (BoHV-1) was selected as a model to test the anti-herpesviral activity of medicinal plants.Fifteen plants were chosen in this study for their medical, antibacterial and antiviral proper-ties. The aim was to investigate ethanolic extracts from the selected medicinal plants for anti-BoHV-1 activity. The virucidal activities were evaluated by comparing the effect of noncy-totoxic concentrations of extracts on BoHV-1 strain 1640 replication in Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Virucidal activity was determined by means of virus titration after expo-sure to the extracts. The extract of Desmodium canadense was found to be the most effective virucide - the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) after exposure was 3.75 log10 and the virus reduction factor was ≥5.0±0.25 log10. The extract of D. canadense was therefore chosen for further studies. Virus yield reduction assays showed that D. canadense extract had time-depen-dent and dose-dependent effects. It effectively reduced virus titre from 8.33 log10 to 4.67 log10(p⟨0.01). The virucidal activity was also confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR), where the number of threshold cycles (Ct) was inversely proportional to the virus titre in TCID50 The virucidal activity was also confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). This method showed that the number of threshold cycles (Ct) was inversely proportional to the virus titre (direct correlation with exposure time R=0.9321). The extract of D. canadense showed a high virus reduction capacity. In future, such active substances should be identified for the development of effective antivirals.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Fabaceae/chemistry , Herpesvirus 1, Bovine/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antiviral Agents/chemistry , Cattle , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Real-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Humulus lupulus (H. lupulus), more commonly known as hop, is a member of the Cannabaceae family with male and female flowers on separate plants. It is native in Europe including Lithuania, Asia and North America. Hop has been recognized as a medicinal plant for centuries, nevertheless different medicinal activities of hop are currently investigated and discovered. An important class of hop compounds is the hop acids, which are classified as alpha-acids and beta-acids. Different varieties of hops vary in amount and composition of hop acids. METHODS: Simple capillary zone electrophoresis method has been optimized and applied for the analysis of hop acids in hop cone extracts. RESULTS: With this method the analysis takes ca. 10 min. Repeatability for migration times and peak areas expressed as relative standard deviation were up to 0.21% and 5.96%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Comparative results of capillary zone electrophoretic analysis of extracts of different hop varieties and conductometric titration, as a standard method for determination of alpha-acids, are presented. Both methods provide consistent results, however capillary zone electrophoresis is capable of separating co- form of humulones from other forms.
Subject(s)
Cyclohexenes/analysis , Electrophoresis, Capillary/methods , Flowers/chemistry , Humulus/chemistry , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Terpenes/analysis , Cyclohexenes/isolation & purification , Reproducibility of Results , Species Specificity , Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet , Terpenes/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
The antioxidant activity of Agrimonia eupatoria (Agrimony) and Agrimonia procera (Fragrant agrimony) extracts was assessed by measuring in DPPH radical scavenging and ABTS(+) radical decolourisation reaction systems. Radical scavenging capacity of agrimony extracts varied in a wide range (9.1-97.5% in DPPH reaction and 6.7-79.5% in ABTS reaction) depending on the polarity of the solvent used to obtain the extract.