Subject(s)
Antibody Formation , Smallpox Vaccine , Vaccinia virus/pathogenicity , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Brain/microbiology , Chick Embryo , Drug Stability , Kidney/microbiology , Liver/microbiology , Lung/microbiology , Mice , Spleen/microbiology , Temperature , Vaccinia virus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
A study was carried out in Delhi on the preimmunization status of infants aged 2-6 months with regard to poliomyelitis and on seroconversion after the administration of oral poliomyelitis vaccine. It was found that 30.3% of the 204 infants included in the study excreted enteroviruses, 58% of which were found to be polioviruses. Of 197 sera examined for neutralizing antibodies against different types of poliovirus, 73% were found to be triple negative and only 4.0% triple positive. Three doses of oral poliomyelitis vaccine were administered at intervals of 1 month. It was found that 71.8% of the vaccinated infants excreted cytopathogenic agents in the 7 days following the first dose; 80.4% of these agents were found to be polioviruses. Seroconversion was studied in 71 infants, and good antibody responses to all three types of poliovirus were observed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/analysis , Poliomyelitis/prevention & control , Poliovirus/immunology , Vaccination , Feces/microbiology , Humans , India , Infant , Poliomyelitis/immunology , Poliomyelitis/microbiology , Poliovirus/isolation & purification , Poliovirus Vaccine, OralSubject(s)
Cholera/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Adolescent , Age Factors , Child , Female , Geography , Humans , India , Male , Serotyping , Sex Factors , Vibrio/immunologySubject(s)
Amebiasis/epidemiology , Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Entamoeba histolytica , Feces/microbiology , Female , Houseflies , Housing , Humans , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , SanitationSubject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Smallpox/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Immunization , India , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Seasons , Smallpox/etiology , Smallpox/prevention & control , Transients and MigrantsABSTRACT
Comparisons were made in groups of schoolchildren in New Delhi of the rotary lancet and bifurcated needle techniques for primary vaccination and revaccination against smallpox. Vaccines of 3 different titres were employed in the tests. The results indicate that the bifurcated needle technique is superior to the rotary lancet technique for both primary vaccination and revaccination, the percentage of major reactions in revaccinations in which the bifurcated needle technique was used being significantly higher, irrespective of the vaccine dilution. However, the proportion of major reactions decreased gradually in both techniques with the greater dilution of the vaccine.It was shown that when a fully potent vaccine is used there is no advantage in making 2 insertions by the bifurcated needle technique but that when the rotary lancet technique is employed and when the vaccine is not fully potent there is a significant improvement in the successful take rate when 2 insertions are given. In areas where storage facilities for vaccines in the field are not ideal and the full potency of vaccines is doubtful, the use of the bifurcated needle technique with 2 insertions seems to be the method of choice.
