Synthesis of biocomposites from microalgal peptide incorporated polycaprolactone/ κ- carrageenan nanofibers and their antibacterial and wound healing property.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising novel agents for targeting a wide range of pathogens. In this study, microalgal peptides derived from native microalgae were incorporated into polycaprolactone (PCL) with ƙ-Carrageenan (ƙ-C) forming nanofibers using the electrospinning method. The peptides incorporated in the nanofibers were characterized by fourier infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurement. The results showed that peptides with molecular weights < 10 kDa, when loaded into nanofibers, exhibited lower wettability. The SEM analysis revealed a thin, smooth, interconnected bead-like structures. The antimicrobial activity of the electrospun nanofibers was evaluated through disc diffusion, and minimum inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli (MTTC 443), and Staphylococcus aureus (MTTC 96), resulting in zones of inhibition of 24 ± 0.5 mm and 14 ± 0.5 mm, respectively. The in vitro biocompatibility of the synthesized nanofibers was confirmed using in HEK 293 cell lines with an increased cell viability. Interestingly, the fibers also exhibited a significant wound-healing properties when used in vitro scratch assays. In conclusion, algal peptides incorporated with PCL/ ƙ-C were found to exhibit antimicrobial and biocompatible biomaterials for wound healing applications.

An Evidence of Carbonic Anhydrase Activity in Native Microalgae for CO2 Capture Application.

A promising alternative for effective carbon capture has been found in microalgae because of their high photosynthetic capacity and quick growth. The carbon concentration mechanism of many microalgae is heavily reliant on the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA), which catalyze the production of bicarbonate from carbon dioxide. In this study, microalgal samples were collected, characterized, and cultured under controlled conditions for their optimal growth of cultures I-IX. The CA activity was investigated using a standard method; the Wilbur-Anderson assay was used to calculate CA activity in microalgal cultures. The comparative study was then used to measure the activity rate of the collected microalgae. Among the tested, culture I, VI, and IX showed a high enzyme activity rate of 4.15, 4.0, and 4.2 µg·mL-1, respectively. To determine the rate of carbon dioxide hydration, the method involved tracking the pH change in a reaction mixture. In addition, genetic analysis facilitates the identification of key genes involved in CA activity and other metabolic processes, which enhance the knowledge of microalgal physiology, and enables genetic engineering efforts in the future studies. Overall, this investigation emphasizes the significance of studying unknown microalgal culture and their potential CA activity for industrial and bio-energy applications.

A state of the art review on the co-cultivation of microalgae-fungi in wastewater for biofuel production.

The microalgae have a great potential as the fourth generation biofuel feedstock to deal with energy crisis, but the cost of production and biomass harvest are the major hurdles in terms of large scale production and applications. Using filamentous fungi to culture targeted alga for biomass accumulation and eventually harvesting is a sustainable way to mitigate environmental impacts. Microalgal co-culture method could be an alternative to overcome limitations and increase biomass yield and lipid accumulation. It was found to be the high feasibility for the production of biofuels from fungi and microalgae using wastewater. This article aimed to state the synergistic approaches, their culture protocols, harvesting procedure and their potential biotechnological applications. Additionally, algal-fungal consortia could digest cellulosic biomass, potentially reducing operating costs as part of industrial need. As a result of co-cultivation, biofuel production could be economically feasible owing to its excellent ability to treat wastewater and be eco-friendly. The implications of the innovative co-cultivation technology have demonstrated the potential for further development based on the policies that have been supported and implemented.

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from 2-Butyl-4-chloro Imidazole for the Enhanced Antimicrobial Property.

In this study, a novel Schiff base was synthesized which comprises a core moiety of 2-butyl-4-chloro imidazole. The ligand was synthesized by the reaction between the carbonyl compound 4-[(2-butyl-4-chloro-5-formyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl] benzoate and primary hydrazine compounds such as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in the presence of an alcoholic solvent and an acid catalyst. The synthesized Schiff base ligand is characterized by mass and spectral analysis including NMR. The appearance of extended conjugation of the π-electrons system between active 2-butyl-4-chloro imidazole moieties with nitro substituted phenyl ring. The ligands are assessed for an antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to evaluate the inhibition potential by MIC and well diffusion method. The biological activity of the ligand has shown a significant property against the Gram-negative bacterium, E. coli, and Gram-positive bacterium, S. aureus of about 27 mm and 28 mm of inhibitory action, respectively. This study paves the way for the development of novel antimicrobial agents for emerging clinical pathogens.

Synthesis and Characterization of Tween-20 Capped Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Property.

The Vitrus vinifera fruit extract was used to make silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) utilizing a green chemical technique. The biosynthesized Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs were observed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize the physiochemical properties. The spherical form of AgNPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. The peaks in the Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs have an average crystallite size that is found to be 46 nm according to powder X-ray diffraction examination. Biosynthesized AgNPs had a significant effect on bone osteosarcoma MG63 cells with 55% inhibition, respectively, using MTT assay. The effective dangerous concentration of Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera with AgNP nanoparticles was less harmful to MG63 cells. The results of antibacterial activity showed that Tween-20/Vitrus vinifera-AgNPs effectively inhibited Eggerthella lenta and Staphylococcus epidermis bacteria.

Current strategies on algae-based biopolymer production and scale-up.

The craving for an alternative to the existing plastic products gives rise to the concept of algae-based bioplastic production, which appears to be excellently biodegradable and cost-effective. The significant assortment of algal biopolymers draws great attention to stop the surge of plastic waste and to mitigate the burning problems of environmental pollution. The polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are naturally-occurring biopolymers found in the form of esters accumulated within a number of microbes, which provides the pillar for several biomolecules. This review summarizes the global scenario as well as the precise technique of algae-based PHA extraction and bioplastic production. In addition, different techniques for valorisation of PHA production, its biodegradability and its commercial applications are also taken into consideration.