ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting serum leptin concentration and its relation to insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and gestational impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case-control study, at 28 weeks of gestation, measured serum concentration of fasting leptin, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment index in three groups, GDM, IGT, and normal control, and compared them with each other. RESULTS: The serum leptin level was significantly higher in women with GDM than in the two other groups (p=0.03). In women with GDM and IGT, leptin was significantly positively related with insulin and homeostatic model assessment index (r=0.221, p=0.03) and (r=0.246, p=0.03), respectively. In all of the participants, there was a significant correlation between leptin and body mass index before pregnancy (r=0.416, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Our data showed that serum leptin level was higher in GDM and had a positive correlation with insulin resistance. Our findings suggest that high leptin levels might be a risk factor for GDM and IGT in pregnant women.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/blood , Insulin Resistance , Leptin/blood , Adult , Body Mass Index , Case-Control Studies , Female , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , Insulin/blood , Pregnancy , Young AdultABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency has long been suspected as a risk factor for glucose intolerance. This study compared serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and non-GDM control subjects. METHODS: In this case-control study, 54 women with diagnosed GDM and 39 women with IGT (1 abnormal oral glucose tolerance test) were compared with 111 non-GDM control women in whom GDM were excluded by glucose challenge test. Controls were matched in gestational age, age, and body mass index with IGT and GDM groups. RESULTS: Maternal serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) concentration in GDM and IGT groups at 24-28 weeks of gestation were significantly lower than non-GDM controls (P = .001). A total of 83.3% of GDM compared with 71.2% of the control group had plasma 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) concentrations consistent with a diagnosis of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL; P = .03). Women with GDM had a 2.66-fold increased risk of deficient status (25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) <15 ng/mL) compared with control group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that rates of vitamin D deficiency are higher among women with IGT/GDM, and the relationship between vitamin D status and glucose tolerance in pregnancy needs further study.
Subject(s)
Diabetes, Gestational/blood , Glucose Intolerance/blood , Pregnancy Complications/blood , Vitamin D Deficiency/blood , Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives , Adult , Case-Control Studies , Female , Glucose Tolerance Test , Humans , Pregnancy , Vitamin D/blood , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: Adiponectin is an insulin sensitizing protein. Because gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with insulin resistance, we compared serum adiponectin levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and healthy pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN: Twenty-nine women with gestational diabetes and 26 women with impaired glucose tolerance were compared with 27 normal pregnant women in control group. Controls were matched for gestational age, age and body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy with two other groups. At 28 weeks of gestation serum concentration of adiponectin, insulin and insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment) were measured in three groups. MAIN FINDINGS: The serum adiponectin level in gestational diabetes (6379.31 + or - 1934.90 ng/ml), was significantly lower than the impaired glucose tolerance test (7384.61 + or - 1626.70 ng/ml) and control groups (7962.96 + or - 2667.20 ng/ml),(p = 0.02). Serum level of insulin and HOMA index in gestational diabetes were higher than the normal group (p > 0.05). In patients with gestational diabetes, there was a significant correlation between serum adiponectin level and BMI before pregnancy (r = -0.531, p = 0.013). Also, the correlation between maternal serum adiponectin levels and neonatal birth weight was not significant (r = -0.07, p value = 0.73). CONCLUSION: Our data show that serum adiponectin level was significantly lower in gestational diabetes in comparison with healthy pregnant women.
