ABSTRACT
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia is a reactive, self-limiting ulcer within the oral cavity; however, clinically, it mimics a malignant ulcer. Here, we report the case of a 13-year-old boy who presented with a painful solitary indurated ulcer at the lower lip for a week. Histopathological examination revealed an ulcerated lesion with significant infiltration of eosinophils, small lymphocytes, and large lymphoid cells. Further immunohistochemistry showed the inflammatory cells were CD3-positive T cells and CD68-positive, with a minority of the cell population showing CD30 positivity. CD1a-positive dendritic cells were also observed. We discuss the clinical and histopathological differential diagnoses of Langerhans cell histiocytosis and CD30-positive T-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and how to correlate them in formulating the final diagnosis.
ABSTRACT
The discovery that ameloblastoma has a high mutation incidence of BRAF V600E may enable a better investigation of pathophysiology. However, there is inconsistent evidence regarding this mutation occurrence and its association with clinical information. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to pool the overall mutation prevalence of BRAF V600E in reported ameloblastoma cases and to determine its association with patient demographic and clinicopathological features. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive article search was conducted through four databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science). Seventeen articles between 2014 and 2022 met the inclusion criteria with 833 ameloblastoma cases. For each included study, the significance of BRAF V600E on the outcome parameters was determined using odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis prevalence of BRAF V600E in ameloblastoma was 70.49%, and a significant meta-analysis association was reported for those younger than 54 years old and in the mandible. On the contrary, other factors, such as sex, histological variants, and recurrence, were insignificant. As a result of the significant outcome of BRAF V600E mutation in ameloblastoma pathogenesis, targeted therapy formulation can be developed with this handful of evidence.
ABSTRACT
A Lewis base promoted deprotonative pronucleophile addition to silyl acetals has been developed and applied to the iridium-catalyzed reductive Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) olefination of esters and the chemoselective reduction of the resulting enoates. Lewis base activation of silyl acetals generates putative pentacoordinate silicate acetals, which fragment into aldehydes, silanes, and alkoxides in situ. Subsequent deprotonative metalation of phosphonate esters followed by HWE with aldehydes furnishes enoates. This operationally convenient, mechanistically unique protocol converts the traditionally challenging aryl, alkenyl, and alkynyl esters to homologated enoates at room temperature within a single vessel.
