ABSTRACT
In an attempt to find novel α-glucosidase inhibitors, an efficient, straightforward reaction to synthesize a library of fully substituted 6-amino-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines 3 has been investigated. Heating a mixture of α-azidochalcones 1 and 3-aminopyrazoles 2 under the mild condition afforded desired compounds with a large substrate scope in good to excellent yields. All obtained products were evaluated as α-glucosidase inhibitors and exhibited excellent potency with IC50 values ranging from 15.2 ± 0.4 µM to 201.3 ± 4.2 µM. Among them, compound 3d was around 50-fold more potent than acarbose (IC50 = 750.0 ± 1.5 µM) as standard inhibitor. Regarding product structures, kinetic study and molecular docking were carried out for two of the most potent ones.
Subject(s)
Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemistry , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/pharmacology , Pyrazoles/chemistry , Pyrazoles/pharmacology , Pyridines/chemistry , Pyridines/pharmacology , Cell Line, Tumor , Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Humans , Molecular Docking Simulation , Pyrazoles/chemical synthesis , Pyridines/chemical synthesis , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolism , alpha-Glucosidases/metabolismABSTRACT
An efficient, one-pot and four-component synthesis of a new series of 2,3-disubstituted isoindolin-1-ones is described and their Jack bean urease inhibitory activities are evaluated. Heating a mixture of 1,1-bis(methylthio)-2-nitroethene, a 1,2-diamine, a 2-formylbenzoic acid and a primary amine in EtOH for 3.5â¯h afforded the corresponding 2,3-disubstituted isoindolin-1-ones in good to excellent yields. All sixteen synthesized isoindolin-1-one derivatives 5a-p showed urease inhibitory activity. Among them, 5c showed the most urease inhibitory activity (IC50â¯=â¯10.07⯱â¯0.28⯵M) being over 2-fold more potent than thiourea (IC50â¯=â¯22.01⯱â¯0.10⯵M) and 10-fold than hydroxyurea (IC50â¯=â¯100.00⯱â¯0.02⯵M) as the standard inhibitors, respectively. Also, results from molecular docking studies were in good agreement with those obtained from in vitro tests.
Subject(s)
Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Molecular Docking Simulation , Phthalimides/pharmacology , Urease/antagonists & inhibitors , Canavalia/enzymology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Phthalimides/chemical synthesis , Phthalimides/chemistry , Structure-Activity Relationship , Urease/metabolismABSTRACT
A new series of 6-amino-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-dione derivatives 3a-3s were prepared via a facile and efficient reaction from α-azidochalcones and 6-amiouracils. The reactions were performed under mild conditions to produce the corresponding compounds in good to excellent yields. Obtained derivatives 3a-3s were evaluated for α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and all of them exhibited excellent in vitro yeast α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values ranging from 78.0⯱â¯2.0 to 252.4⯱â¯1.0⯵M. For example, the most active compound 3o was around 10-fold more potent than acarbose, a standard drug (IC50â¯=â¯750.0⯱â¯1.5⯵M). Kinetic study of compound 3o revealed that it inhibited α-glucosidase in a competitive mode. Molecular modeling studies of the most active compounds 3o, 3i, 3e and 3m were also performed.