Development of a multiassay algorithm (MAA) to identify recent HIV infection in newly diagnosed individuals in Indonesia.

Ongoing HIV transmission is a public health priority in Indonesia. We developed a new multiassay algorithm (MAA) to identify recent HIV infection. The MAA is a sequential decision tree based on multiple biomarkers, starting with CD4+ T cells >200/µL, followed by plasma viral load (pVL) > 1,000 copies/ml, avidity index (AI) < 0 · 7, and pol ambiguity <0 · 47%. Plasma from 140 HIV-infected adults from 19 hospitals across Indonesia (January 2018 - June 2020) was studied, consisting of a training set (N = 60) of longstanding infection (>12-month) and a test set (N = 80) of newly diagnosed (≤1-month) antiretroviral (ARV) drug naive individuals. Ten of eighty (12 · 5%) newly diagnosed individuals were classified as recent infections. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) against reverse transcriptase inhibitors were identified in two individuals: one infected with HIV subtype C (K219Q, V179T) and the other with CRF01_AE (V179D). Ongoing HIV transmission, including infections with DRMs, is substantial in Indonesia.

An overview of techniques and strategies for isolation of flavonoids from the genus Erythrina.

Plants in the genus Erythrina is a potential source of chemical constituents, one of which is flavonoids, which have diverse bioactivities. To date, literature on the flavonoids from the genus Erythrina has only highlighted the phytochemical aspects, so this review article will discuss isolation techniques and strategies for the first time. More than 420 flavonoids have been reported in the Erythrina genus, which are grouped into 17 categories. These flavonoid compounds were obtained through isolation techniques and strategies using polar, semi-polar, and non-polar solvents. Various chromatographic techniques have been developed to isolate flavonoids using column flash chromatography, quick column chromatography, centrifugally accelerated thin-layer chromatography, radial chromatography, medium-pressure column chromatography, semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. Chromatographic processes for isolating flavonoids can be optimized using multivariate statistical applications such as response surface methodology with central composite design, Box-Behnken design, Doehlert design, and mixture design.

Sea grapes powder with the addition of tempe rich in collagen: An anti-aging functional food.

Background: This study aimed to determine the potential anti-aging effects of sea grapes and tempe (Fermented soybeans) collagen particle size, by measuring the activities of anti-glycation, antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitors. Methods: Collagen was isolated from sea grapes and tempe freeze dried powder and treated with different NaOH concentrations (0.10 M; 0.20 M; 0.30 M), and CH 3COOH 1 M solution, separately. The collagen particle size was adjusted by stirring at 1000 rpm for 5 and 10 hours. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was used to measure the antioxidant activity, and L-tyrosine and L-DOPA (l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) were used as a marker of tyrosine inhibition.  Results:  The collagen treated with 0.10 M NaOH produced the highest collagen yield (11.65%), and largest particle size (2455 nm). Additionally, this collagen, when treated for 5 hours, exhibited 24.70% antioxidant activity, 62.60% anti-glycation, 8.97% L-tyrosine, and 26.77% L-Dopa inhibition activities. Meanwhile, the collagen treated for 10 hours had a 9.98% antioxidant activity, 41.48% anti-glycation, 7.89% L-tyrosine, and 2.67% L-Dopa inhibition activity.   Conclusion: Sea grapes and tempe collagen powder treated with 0.10 M NaOH and stirred for 5 hours, as functional foods have anti-aging properties.

Primary prevention of stroke through development of mobile health application

OBJECTIVE: Stroke is a primary neurological disorder that exists in the world and causes both physical and mental disability. Based on WHO data, among 17 million new stroke cases, 7 million of them died from strokes. Indonesia's Sample Registration System (SRS) in 2014 showed that stroke was the main cause of death, which is 21.1% of all causes of death for all age groups. The purpose of this study is to obtain more comprehensive information regarding the development of mobile health application for primary prevention of stroke. METHODS: The design used is Literature review. Articles were collected through Cochrane, Science Direct, Pubmed, Elseiver, Proquest (Links are from the library of unhas.ac.id) Pubmed, WHO, CDC, Google Scholar. The keywords used were stroke, primary prevention, risk factor, smartphone. After collecting the article then article synthesis was made. RESULTS: Based on the reading results of the article, it shows that the incidence of stroke increased from year to year and became the main cause of disability and death. So it needs prevention from upstream sector, in this case primary prevention, through the development of mhealth applications using smartphones that can calculate the risk of strokes in 5 and 10 years. By using the application, it can provide information about the dangers of stroke, risk factors and how to overcome them. CONCLUSION: The development of digital technology, application of stroke can effectively reduce the incidence of stroke

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