ABSTRACT
This work aimed to investigate, for the first time, the chemical composition, antioxidant, antiparasitic, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of the aromatic plant Limonium oleifolium Mill. essential oil (EO) and organic extracts. L.â oleifolium aerial parts essential oil was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS, and 46 constituents representing 98.25±1.12 % of the oil were identified. γ-Muurolene (10.81±0.07 %), cis-caryophyllene (7.71±0.06 %), o-cymene (7.07±0.01 %) and α-copaene (5.02±0.05 %) were the essential oil main compounds. The antioxidant activity of L.â oleifolium EO and organic extracts (MeOH, CHCl3 , AcOEt, BuOH) was explored using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ABTS, ß-carotene/linoleic acid, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), and ferric reducing power assays. The results showed that L.â oleifolium EO exhibit antioxidant capacity (IC50 =17.40±1.32â µg/mL for DPPH assay, IC50 =29.82±1.08â µg/mL for ß-carotene assay, IC50 =25.23±1.01â µg/mL for ABTS assay, IC50 =9.11±0.08â µg/mL for CUPRAC assay and IC50 =19.41±2.06â mg/mL for reducing power assay). Additionally, the EO showed significant activity against trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba castellanii (IC50 =7.48±0.41â µg/mL) and promastigote form of Leishmania amazonensis (IC50 =19.36±1.06â µg/mL) and low cytotoxicity on murine macrophages (LC50 â 90.23±1.09â µg/mL), as well as good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These results suggest that L.â oleifolium essential oil is a valuable source of bioactive compounds presenting antioxidant, antiparasitic, and antimicrobial activities. Furthermore, it is considered nontoxic.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Antiparasitic Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plumbaginaceae/chemistry , Acanthamoeba castellanii/drug effects , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/isolation & purification , Antiparasitic Agents/chemistry , Antiparasitic Agents/isolation & purification , Bacteria/drug effects , Benzothiazoles/antagonists & inhibitors , Biphenyl Compounds/antagonists & inhibitors , Cell Line , Cell Survival/drug effects , Leishmania/drug effects , Macrophages/drug effects , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Picrates/antagonists & inhibitors , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Sulfonic Acids/antagonists & inhibitorsABSTRACT
The genus Scabiosa (family Caprifoliaceae) is considered large (618 scientific plant names of species) although only 62 have accepted Latin binominal names. The majority of the Scabiosa species are widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and some Scabiosa species are used in traditional medicine systems. For instance, Scabiosa columbaria L. is used traditionally against diphtheria while S. comosa Fisch. Ex Roem. and Schult. is used in Mongolian and Tibetan traditional medical settings to treat liver diseases. The richness of Scabiosa species in secondary metabolites such as iridoids, flavonoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids may contribute to its use in folk medicine. Details on the most recent and relevant pharmacological in vivo studies on the bioactive secondary metabolites isolated from Scabiosa species will be summarized and thoroughly discussed.
ABSTRACT
The phenolic profile of Scabiosa stellata L., a species used in Moroccan traditional medicine, is disclosed. To obtain that profile the species extract was analyzed by ultra-high-performance chromatography coupled to photodiode-array detection and electrospray ionization/ion trap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI/MSn). Twenty-five phenolic compounds were identified from which isoorientin and 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid can be highlighted because they are the major ones. The antioxidant activity was significantly controlled by the fraction type, with the n-butanol fraction showing the highest antioxidant activity (FRS50 = 64.46 µg/mL in the DPPH assay, FRS50 = 27.87 µg/mL in the ABTS assay and EC50 = 161.11 µg/mL in the reducing power assay). A phytochemical study of the n-butanol fraction was performed, and some important flavone glycosides were isolated. Among them the tamarixetin derivatives-the less common ones-can be emphasized. This phytochemical study and polyphenolic profile can be correlated with S. stellata extracts in vitro antioxidant activity. Moreover, it can be regarded as an evidence of its medicinal use and can incentivize its consumption.