Assessment of the COL9A1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism with Severity of clubfoot in a paediatric population along with their biological mothers.

Background: A frequent birth abnormality known as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) results in severe abnormalities of one or both feet. The risk of CTEV has been shown to be significantly influenced by genetics. It is a typical congenital malformation. Diseases involving the articular cartilage and COL9A1 polymorphisms are linked. Materials and method: This case parent dyad research was conducted in a premier care medical and educational facility by the Departments of Paediatric Orthopedics and Biochemistry. Children who had been diagnosed with clubfoot as well as their biological mothers took part in the study. 125 kids were able to join in the research when all the screening, inclusion, and exclusion criteria were met. Baseline demographic information was collected, including the child's age and sex, the kind of clubfoot, any family members who have the condition, and whether or not the mothers smoke or drink. Pirani score is used to clinically evaluate every case. Only one peripheral blood sample was taken from each patient, including their Biological Mothers. Results: out of 125 children enrolled with biological mothers, Col9A1 SNP rs1135056 is substantially related. Conclusion: Additionally, patients with the GG genotype for rs592121 have a higher chance of developing CTEV than those with other genotypes. In this investigation, we found possible associations between COL9A1 gene polymorphisms in the mother and offspring with the risk of CTEV. Our research may help us comprehend the genetic makeup of CTEV better and lay the groundwork for creative intervention strategies.

Coronaviruses: An overview with special emphasis on COVID-19 outbreak with musculoskeletal manifestations.

An acute respiratory illness caused by a novel coronavirus, namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), began spreading across China in late December 2019. The disease gained global attention as it spread worldwide. Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, many studies have focused on the impact of the disease on conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disorders, and renal malfunction. However, few studies have focused on musculoskeletal disorders related to COVID-19 infection. In this review, we update the current knowledge on the coronavirus with special reference to its effects during and after the pandemic on musculoskeletal aliments, which may inform clinical practice.

CCN3 Proteins as a diagnostic marker in osteosarcoma patients: A case control study.

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent type of primary bone sarcoma and is the major cause of deaths associated with cancer in children and adolescents. Despite novel and innovative therapies, early diagnosis of the osteosarcoma is still critically needed. Our study aimed to analyse the CCN3 proteins as a diagnostic marker and correlate their expression level with the severity of primary osteosarcoma patients. METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, after ethical clearance and informed consent, a total of 35 cases with primary osteosarcoma and ten otherwise healthy controls were enroled according to our strict inclusion-exclusion criteria. Tissue samples were collected during biopsy procedures in suspected cases and in controls during bone grafting procedures. The CCN3 expression level was measured by the western blotting assay. The clinic-radiological examinations were done in cases and graded according to the AJCC classification. Comparisons of CCN3 expression were measured between cases and controls, followed by correlation of their expression level with severity/grade of osteosarcoma in cases. RESULTS: All the demographic parameters showed insignificant differences. The CCN3 protein expressions were significantly upregulated in tissue samples of osteosarcoma patients (cases) compared to controls. The mean difference (p<0.0001) in CCN3 protein expression between cases' and controls' bony tissues was significant but showed insignificant correlation with the different grades of osteosarcoma. CONCLUSIONS: The upregulated CCN3 protein expression in osteosarcoma tissue along with significant differential manifestation in accordance with different grades of osteosarcoma make CCN3 suitable for a potential diagnostic biomarker. However, the author recommends further extensive multi-centric collaborative studies to increase our study reliability and generalizability.

Analysis of Risk Factors and Association of Cluster of Differentiation (CD) Markers With Conventional Markers in Delayed Fracture Related Infection for Closed Fracture.

BACKGROUND: Fracture-related infections (FRI) remain a difficult consequence for orthopedic trauma patients, their relatives, the treating physicians, and the healthcare systems. Delayed fracture-related infection is an important step in the infection process that can be controlled by diagnosing and preventing it from moving to the next level. Neutrophils CD64 and CD66b were identified as sensitive indicators in the event of infection. Normal sequential changes, on the other hand, occur after surgery and are extremely high. They are back to normal on the 10th day after the operation. The aim of this study was, therefore, to examine the risk factors associated with fracture-related infection by comparing cluster of differentiation (CD) indicators with conventional markers and comparing them with gold standards culture reports. As a result, it could be an early sign of a closed fracture infection. MATERIAL & METHODS: Between February 2020 and March 2021, 510 patients from the Department of Orthopedics at King George Medical University in Lucknow agreed to participate in the study. The study included patients who had a closed fracture and had undergone elective or emergency surgery. Blood was withdrawn before the surgery (baseline) on day one and again on the third, seventh, and 10th day after the operation to measure the quantitative measurements of the biomarkers (total leucocyte count [TLC], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C reactive protein [CRP], CD64, and CD66b) in all follow-up examinations. Patients were monitored for delayed signs of the infection for 2 to 10 weeks. The biomarkers were evaluated and linked to the culture reports. RESULTS: Of the 510 patients included, 272 were men (53.3%) and 238 women (46.7%), the mean age was 40 (20-78), the mean age for fracture related infection with positive culture (FRI POS) was 48.0 (SD: 19.47), for fracture related infection with negative culture (FRI NEG) was 46.20 (SD: 17.18), and for patient with no signs of infections (NON-FRI) was 45.13 (SD: 17.62) (p <0.001), the mean duration of the fracture to admission (in hours) was 4.90 (SD: 1.92), 4.91 (SD: 2.65), and 5.14 (SD: 2.66) (p <0.001), respectively. The mean duration of admission to surgery (in hours) was 31.54 (SD: 85.14), 43.14 (SD: 105.64), and 61.84 (134.14), respectively (p <0.001). The mean duration of surgery was 4.63 (SD: 1.85), 5.14 (SD: 2.16), and 5.05 (SD: 2.16) (p <0.001). The risk factors such as bone type (p = 0.04) and addiction (p = 0.01) were identified as statistically significant. There was no correlation between the CD66b markers on the third, seventh, and 10th days. CD64 was significantly correlated with ESR, TLC, and CRP on the 10th day in the FRI-positive group (r = 0.638; p = 0.03) (r = 0.744; p = 0.009) (r = 0.817; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The risk factors for infection in fracture patients are significantly influenced by the type of bone and addiction the patient is using. Elevated CD64 levels could be used as a diagnostic marker for infection early on the 10th day after surgery before the appearance of clinical signs.

Inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis tRNA-Ligases Using siRNA-Based Gene Silencing Method: A Computational Approach.

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in several countries. Development of first-line and second-line drug resistance strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis further complicated the management of the disease. Despite available drugs to treat TB, 1.6 million people died from the disease in 2017. In this study, we designed 10 siRNAs against 8 tRNA ligases of M. tuberculosis and validated their usefulness for inhibition of protein synthesis by using computational approach. We found that the predicted siRNAs efficiently form seed duplex complex against their respective mRNA targets. Other different computational approaches were also undertaken to assess the stability, accessibility, and strength of seed duplex complex of designed siRNA and targeted mRNA. On the basis of the computational approach, we reciprocated that the technique will help in opening a new window in the field of TB control program and could be taken for further clinical studies to find their appropriateness for TB eradication.