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Salivary innate defenses encompass mechanical cleaning, calcium phosphate salts and fluoride ion reduction of enamel dissolution rate, buffering capacity and neutralizing capacity, and antibacterial properties employing antimicrobial substances like antimicrobial peptides,agglutins,lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase, lysozyme and immuno globulins. Antimicrobial peptides play a key role in the initial defensive responses that make up innate immunity. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between salivary physicochemical characteristics like buffering capacity, pH, flow rate, and concentrations antimicrobial human peptide like HBD-3, HNP1-3 and LL-37 and caries activity in young children. Before to collecting the samples, informed permission papers were gathered and completed by the children's legal guardians or parents. There was significant correlation showing reduced caries activity on increased concentrations of HNP1-3. When there was analysis of correlation of CAS with LL-37 concentrations then the p value vas 0.002 showing the correlation was significant. There is significant relationship between salivary physicochemical characteristics like buffering capacity, pH, flow rate, and concentrations antimicrobial human peptide like HBD-3, HNP1-3 and LL-37 and caries activity in young children.
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Aim This study compares the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the masticatory and accessory muscles in patients with natural teeth and those wearing full-mouth fixed prostheses supported by implants. Method In this study, 30 subjects of 30-69 years performed static and dynamic EMG measurements of masticatory and accessory muscles (masseter, anterior temporalis, SCM, and anterior digastric) and were divided into three groups: Group 1 (G1, Control, Dentate), comprising 10 subjects with 14 or more natural teeth (30-51 years of age); Group 2 (G2, single arch implant-supported fixed prosthesis) composed of 10 patients with unilateral edentulism who were successfully rehabilitated with implant-supported fixed prostheses in the maxilla or mandible, restoring occlusion to 12-14 teeth per arch; (39-61 years of age); and Group 3 (G3, full mouth implant-supported fixed prosthesis) with 10 subjects with completely edentulous arches with full mouth implant-supported fixed prosthesis with 12 occluding pairs of teeth (46-69 years of age). The left and right masseter, anterior temporalis, superior sagittal, and anterior digastric muscles were examined at rest, as well as maximum voluntary clenching (MVC), swallowing, and unilateral chewing. On muscle bellies, disposable, pre-gelled silver/silver chloride bipolar surface electrodes were parallel to muscle fibers. BIO-PAKeight® channels recorded electrical muscle activity (Bio-EMG III, BioResearch Associates, Inc. Brown Deer, WI). Results Full mouth embed upheld fixed prostheses patients had higher resting EMG activity than dentate and single curve implants. Full mouth embeds supported fixed prostheses and dentate patients had significantly different temporalis and digastric muscle mean EMG activity. Dentate people used their temporalis and masseter muscles more during the MVC than those with single-curve embedded upheld fixed prostheses limiting natural teeth or full-mouth implants. No event had the crucial item. Neck muscle differences were insignificant. All groups had higher SCM and digastric EMG activity during MVC than at rest. The single curve embed upheld fixed prosthesis group's temporalis and masseter muscles were significantly more active during gulping than the dentate and entire mouth groups. Single curve and entire mouth gulping SCM muscle EMG activity were similar. Digastric muscular EMG activity differed significantly between those with full-arch or partial-arch fixed prostheses and dentures. When instructed to bite one side, the masseter and temporalis front muscle mean EMG activity increased on the unrestricted side. Unilateral biting and temporalis muscle activation were comparable between groups. For the masseter muscle, the mean EMG was also higher on the functioning side, with no truly large differences between the three groups except for right-side biting when comparing the dentate and full mouth embed upheld fixed prosthesis groups and the single curve and full mouth groups. Conclusion The temporalis muscle activity difference was statistically significant in the full mouth implant-supported fixed prosthesis group. The three groups' static (clenching) sEMG analysis showed non-significant temporalis and masseter muscle activity increases. Full mouth swallowing increased digastric muscle activity. All three groups had similar unilateral chewing muscle activity except for the working side masseter muscle.
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BACKGROUND: Improved patient safety for those undergoing treatment of head and neck cancers depends on prompt identification of warning indicators from severely critical patients and appropriate treatment. As a result, many hospitals all around the world have implemented quick response techniques, including medical emergency teams (MET), which have systems and personnel that are highly trained to deal with patients who are deteriorating. Nowadays, automated activation and alert programs are also being discussed. AIM: To compare the patient outcomes in two conditions: one before the application of the automated MET alert and activation program and the other after the application of the automated MET alert and an activation program was used. METHODS AND MATERIALS: There was an examination of clinical data on MET-managed patients before and after the computerized alert and activation approach was put in place. The study comprised all adult head and neck cancer patients who were treated by the MET between March 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. The physiologic abnormalities of the patient at the moment of the MET initiation were recorded as causes for MET activation when the MET was alerted by the computerized alert, and activation system. From activation through deactivation, the MET intervention lasted. Hospital mortality served as the study's primary outcome. The duration of stay at the hospital and unscheduled ICU hospitalizations were secondary outcomes. Medical records from hospitals were examined retrospectively to get information on clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The percentage of unplanned admissions in ICU was greater in the pre-implementation stage (22.34%) as compared to that in the post-implementation stage (13.56%) (p value<0.001). The duration of stay of patients at the hospital also got reduced in the post-implementation phase (13.23 ±1.47 days) as compared to the pre-implementation stage (24,76± 1.12 days) (p<0.001). The median time of derangement of activation of MET was greater in the pre-implementation stage (62 minutes) as compared to the post-implementation stage (34 minutes) (p-value <0.001). The most common complications leading to MET activation in a pre-implementation phase were neurological and respiratory complications. On the other hand, overall deterioration was the most common cause of MET activation. The mortality rate of patients in the pre-implementation stage was 36.23% as compared to 22.12% in the post-implementation stage (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The hospital experienced improved clinical outcomes with the adoption of an automated alarm and activation system using a cumulative weighted scoring methodology, which significantly reduced the time from disruption to MET activation.
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Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate levels of salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) in plasma and saliva of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The diurnal patterns of sAA and its response to stress were also determined. Materials and Methods: A randomized clinical study was conducted to evaluate the salivary and plasma levels of sAA in three study groups, containing ten subjects each. sAA concentration in plasma and saliva samples was measured using Bioassay Technology Laboratory human alpha-amylase kits, and the levels were compared among control and test groups. Results: In all groups, the mean plasma α-amylase level and mean saliva α-amylase level show an increasing trend with time, i.e., from morning to night, and among the groups, it was highest in Group III followed by Group II and Group I the least (Group III, Group II, and Group I) at all times with significantly higher mean values in Group III subjects at all times of a day. Conclusion: Alpha-amylase is one of the principal salivary proteins and its secretion is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. The measurement of salivary alpha-amylase activity has been proposed to reflect stress-related changes in the autonomic nervous system, and it may be a good choice for monitoring sympathetic nervous system activity in specialized subjects. Hence, it can be concluded that salivary sAA levels can be taken as a predictable as well as reproducible marker for oral SCC or premalignant lesions.
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INTRODUCTION: Miswak (Salvadora persica) is a tooth cleaning stick made from the Salvodora Persica tree. It serves as a natural dentifrice with anti-bacterial, anti-plaque and anti-fungal properties. Fluoride, impregnated in chewing sticks will bestow comparable safety against dental caries as the fluoride containing dentifrice. AIM: The aim of the present study was to assess and compare the anti-bacterial effect of 0.5% sodium fluoride impregnated miswak and plain miswak sticks on Streptococcus mutans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled concurrent parallel triple blind clinical trial was conducted for a period of 8 days. The trial included 30 subjects aged 20-23 years, who were randomly allocated in 1:1 ratio to Group A [0.5% Sodium Fluoride (NaF) impregnated Miswak sticks) and Group B (Plain Miswak sticks) respectively. The participants were instructed to chew miswak sticks for 6 minutes in the morning before breakfast. Unstimulated saliva was collected at baseline and after chewing miswak sticks to estimate S. mutans count using Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin agar. Data was statistically analyzed using paired and unpaired t-test. RESULTS: A statistically significant reduction in S. mutans Colony Forming Units (CFU) count in saliva was observed after using fluoridated miswak sticks compared to the baseline count (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in anti-bacterial effect of fluoridated miswak sticks and plain miswak sticks on S. mutans count (p=0.58). CONCLUSION: The efficacy of miswak impregnated with 0.5% NaF and plain miskaw sticks in reducing S. mutans counts in saliva is analogous.
