A Rare Case of Digital Ulceration and Gangrene as an Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Child.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune illness with a wide range of symptoms. Tissue-binding autoantibodies and intricate immune complexes are responsible for the initial damage to organs and cellular structures. Dermatological signs, particularly digital gangrene and ulcers, are uncommon in the context of systemic lupus erythematosus and often appear in the advanced stages of the disease. In this discussion, we present an unusual example of early-onset digital gangrene and ulcers in a young kid with systemic lupus erythematosus. It is unusual because SLE is mostly seen in adult patients, but here the patient is a seven-year-old boy who went to the doctor because he had urticarial rashes all over his body and face, skin desquamation, and sporadic fever episodes. The preliminary evaluation had difficulty separating this presentation from acute urticaria. However, further diagnostic testing and serological analysis confirmed the patient's SLE diagnosis. The distal regions of the fingers developed digital gangrene, ulceration, and vasculitis. Clinical and serological tests were used to confirm the diagnosis. Antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-ribonuclear protein (Anti-RNP) antibodies, anti-Smith (Anti-Sm) antibodies, and anti-Sjögren's syndrome-related antigen A (Anti-SS-A) antibodies were all positive in the patient. This example emphasizes the critical need to recognize the unusual and severe signs of SLE in medical practice.

A Case of Unusual Presentation of Kartagener's Syndrome in a 22-Year-Old Female Patient.

Kartagener's syndrome (KS) is a rare hereditary disease. It is a triad of chronic sinusitis bronchiectasis and situs inversus. The condition is probably underdiagnosed and the symptoms are more prevalent in children in their first decade of life. We describe a case of a 22-year-old female with a history of cough and dyspnea for six months. The patient was diagnosed with dextrocardia at birth and had no significant medical history for the first two decades of her life. She was adequately immunized during her infancy and childhood as per the National Immunization Program. She was also vaccinated with the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine along with the booster dose. She was diagnosed with KS depending on her clinical symptoms, imaging characteristics and demographics. The patient had received symptomatic treatment for six months before developing respiratory distress requiring hospitalization when the diagnosis was made. KS has to be taken into consideration if an individual with dextrocardia has recurrent upper or lower respiratory tract infections. An early and accurate diagnosis of this illness is crucial to avoid complications and improve the quality of life of patients.