ABSTRACT
The palatogingival groove is a developmental anomaly on the palatal surface of the maxillary anterior teeth. The shallow groove, often less than 1 mm, is challenging to diagnose, particularly in radiographic examinations. Such grooves are mistaken for root fractures. In this case study, we explore the prevalence, types, radiological appearances, and treatment options of type I shallow palatogingival grooves encountered in cone beam computed tomography.
ABSTRACT
Nevus of Ota or congenital oculodermal melanosis (ODM) is characterized by brown or blue/gray asymptomatic brown or blue/gray flat lesions of the skin, mucosae, episcleral/sclera, and uvea, which are located near the trigeminal nerve's ophthalmic and mandibular branches. The main ophthalmic complications are glaucoma and predisposition to uveal melanoma. "trichilemmal cyst" is also known as "wen" "pilar cyst" or " isthmus catagen cyst". It occurs in the scalp and mimics sebaceous cysts clinically. The swelling appears smooth in outline and is filled with cytokeratin. An unusual case of a 32-year-old male with both trichilemmal cyst and nevus of Ota, a 27-year-old female, and a 47-year-old male with nevus of Ota is discussed here.
ABSTRACT
Bifid condyle is a rare developmental anomaly that results from an obstructed blood supply during its development. Bifid condyle is more often unilateral, although bilateral. A case of a bifid condyle is evaluated three-dimensionally in three orthogonal planes namely coronal, sagittal and axial sections. The etiology, clinical features, diagnostic, non-surgical and surgical treatment modalities of bifid condyle are discussed.
ABSTRACT
Background and introduction Diabetes mellitus is a common systemic disease in nearly all countries. Its prevalence has been increasing. Thus, early detection and control of this disorder are urgent tasks. The average blood glucose, salivary glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels must be estimated. Aim and objective This study aimed to assess oral manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus in relation to HbA1c and compare glucose levels in the saliva and blood. Materials and methods This study examined 60 patients with diabetes who were visiting the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology as well as the Department of Medicine at Vinayaka Mission's Sankarachariyar Dental College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India. In all patients, the blood glucose, saliva glucose, and HbA1c levels were estimated. Results and statistical analysis The patients (aged 40-60 years) have type 2 diabetes mellitus; among them, patients aged 56-60 years were predominant. In the Pearson correlation analysis, a positive correlation was obtained in random blood glucose, salivary glucose, and HbA1c levels. The p-value was 0.001**, which indicated significance. Conclusion This study revealed a clear-cut correlation between blood and salivary glucose levels. Thus, salivary glucose levels can very well become a substitute for blood glucose levels. If the estimated salivary glucose level is used in practice to estimate glucose levels in patients with diabetes, the use of any invasive procedures may be avoided.
ABSTRACT
Ear tags or accessory auricles are branchial cleft remnants that clinically appear as asymptomatic nodules or papules in the preauricular region. They occur in various syndromes affecting the first and branchial arches during embryogenesis. The presence of an ear tag can have a psychological impact on one's life due to its unesthetic appearance, thereby affecting their quality of life. Talon cusp usually occurs in the maxillary central or lateral incisor. A fissured tongue or cerebriform tongue is characterized by the presence of horizontal or vertical grooves, usually affecting the dorsum of the tongue. Ankyloglossia or tongue-tie is a developmental anomaly in which the lingual frenum is abnormally attached to the ventral surface of the tongue. It can cause difficulties in breastfeeding in infants and in the pronunciation of certain vowels in adults. The concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with the talon cusp in the mandibular second molar has not been reported in previous literature. We present a unique case of a 24-year-old non-syndromic individual with the concurrent occurrence of the ear tag along with a rare clinical occurrence of talon cusp in the mandibular second molar, fissured tongue, and ankyloglossia.
ABSTRACT
A port-wine stain is a type of non-neoplastic hamartomatous malformation of capillary blood vessels, resulting from ectatic capillaries present from birth. Lobular capillary hemangioma is a form of capillary hemangioma that occurs from hamartomatous malformation of capillaries. In our report, we discuss the rare case of both port-wine stain and capillary haemangioma on the gingiva in a 22- year-old young male.
ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by repeated episodes of upper airway blockage and collapse during sleep accompanied by awakenings with or without oxygen desaturations. During obstructive sleep apnea events, the oropharynx in the back of the throat compresses, causing arousal, oxygen desaturation, or both, leading to fragmented sleep. The hyperplastic uvula is a common clinical finding in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The various diagnostic and treatment modalities of obstructive sleep apnea are discussed in this article.
ABSTRACT
Nicotine dependence is a current indwelling and challenging health burden among smokeless tobacco users as it involves the compulsive use of a substance despite its known harmful effects. The evaluation of nicotine dependence is challenging as it involves physical and psychological dependence due to nicotine in smokeless tobacco. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The primary aim is to assess the nicotine dependence in a group of smokeless tobacco by using a six-question Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence for Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST) and to assess the nicotine dependence among three groups, namely Group - 1, who were exclusively pan masala, gutka chewers, Group - 2, who were exclusively Hans users, and Group - 3, who were exclusively betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Only those who use smokeless tobacco in the age groups between 21 to 70 years were randomly selected. The total sample size is 100 patients. The age groups were divided into 21-28, 29-35, 36-42, 43-49, 50-56, 57-63, and 64-70. Informed consent was obtained from the participants of the study. RESULTS: The Hans chewers are predominantly females. Pan masala and gutka chewers are predominantly males. CONCLUSION: Smokeless tobacco chewers like pan masala were found to have high mean nicotine dependence Fagerstrom score than Hans and betel quid with smokeless tobacco chewers.
ABSTRACT
Squamous papilloma is a benign, exophytic, soft tissue tumour caused by the rapid proliferation of stratified squamous epithelium. It typically manifests in the oral cavity as a painless, soft, non-tender, pedunculated growth that resembles a cauliflower. This case report of squamous papilloma on the hard palate sheds light on the etiopathogenesis, types, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and management modalities.
ABSTRACT
As new technologies emerge, they continue to have an impact on our daily lives, and artificial intelligence (AI) covers a wide range of applications. Because of the advancements in AI, it is now possible to analyse large amounts of data, which results in more accurate data and more effective decision-making. This article explains the fundamentals of AI and examines its development and present use. AI technology has had an impact on the healthcare sector as a result of the need for accurate diagnosis and improved patient care. An overview of the existing AI applications in clinical dentistry was provided. Comprehensive care involving artificial intelligence aims to provide cutting-edge research and innovations, as well as high-quality patient care, by enabling sophisticated decision support tools. The cornerstone of AI advancement in dentistry is creative inter-professional coordination among medical professionals, scientists, and engineers. Artificial intelligence will continue to be associated with dentistry from a wide angle despite potential misconceptions and worries about patient privacy. This is because precise treatment methods and quick data sharing are both essential in dentistry. Additionally, these developments will make it possible for patients, academicians, and healthcare professionals to exchange large data on health as well as provide insights that enhance patient care.
ABSTRACT
Sturge-Weber syndrome (SWS) is a rare neurological disorder that is present at birth. It is characterized by a reddish-purple birthmark on the face, typically on one side of the forehead and upper eyelid, and sometimes involving the scalp and ear. This birthmark, called a port-wine stain, is caused by an abnormal buildup of blood vessels in the skin. SWS can also cause neurological problems such as seizures, developmental delays, and problems with vision and coordination. Treatment for SWS typically includes a combination of medications to control seizures and other symptoms, as well as laser therapy or surgery to reduce the appearance of the birthmark. Additionally, physical therapy and other therapies can help improve vision and coordination. It is important to note that the symptoms and severity of SWS can vary widely from person to person, and early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes.
ABSTRACT
A radicular cyst is the most typical odontogenic cyst affecting the human jaws. A radicular cyst is frequently asymptomatic and is discovered accidentally during a radiological procedure. Radicular cyst most commonly occurs during the third and fourth decades of life. The patient affected by a radicular cyst usually gives a history of trauma, and they may even not be aware of the occurrence of the traumatic episode. Such a case of a Radicular cyst that occurred in a 22-year-old-young female who did not follow up further for root canal treatment was radiographically evaluated in three-dimensional view with the help of cone-beam computed tomography.
ABSTRACT
Gingival hypertrophy caused by certain drugs, including amlodipine, may occur in genetically susceptible individuals. There is no clear explanation for the exact mechanism behind gingival hypertrophy, but a multifactorial theory has been proposed that unifies the phenomenon. In addition to causing difficulty with speech and mastication, gingival hypertrophy also contributes to poor oral hygiene and unaesthetic appearance. We describe the case of a 54-year-old woman who developed gingival hypertrophy due to the long-standing antihypertensive medication amlodipine 5 mg taken twice daily for four years.
ABSTRACT
Angioedema is the diffuse edematous swelling of the soft tissues that most commonly involves the submucosal and subcutaneous connective tissues. It can also affect the connective tissues of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. The most common pathogenesis is the degranulation of mast cells, leading to histamine release and increased vascular permeability. The immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated hypersensitivity reactions are triggered by foods, preservatives such as sodium benzoate used in peanut butter, dust, drugs like angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE) like captopril, enalapril, lisinopril and pollens, and contact allergies started by prolonged contact with dental rubber dams and cosmetics. Hereditary factors such as quantitative reduction of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) deficiency and dysfunctional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH) are also postulated in its etiopathogenesis. In addition, lymphoproliferative disorders, bacterial or viral infections, lupus erythematosus, and minor trauma from dental procedures may precipitate an angioedema attack.
ABSTRACT
A benign soft tissue tumor of mature fat cells is called a lipoma (adipocytes). Lipoma can develop anywhere on the body, although it is uncommon in the mouth. Lipomas that are superficially positioned are often yellowish in color, painless, soft, and non-fluctuating with a thin epithelial surface. As a result, a delicate pattern of blood vessels is frequently seen on the surface. Deeper lesions might not exhibit this finding and, as a result, are not as clinically recognized. Since the patients do not report any subjective clinical symptoms, the dentist often diagnoses such lipomas by accident. Deep-seated lipomas require specialist imaging procedures, such as contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasound to determine their extent. Lipomas can range in size from tiny to large to enormous. Large lipomas typically feature a "slip sign" and a nodular surface. Giant-sized lipomas can have a diameter of up to 10 cm. Lipomas can be single or multicellular. Dercum's disease, Proteus syndrome, neurofibromatosis, and familial adenomatosis polyposis all exhibit lipomas in various locations. The preferred course of treatment for these oral lipomas is surgical removal. Such lipomas do not recur again. Lipoma comes in a number of tiny varieties. The traditional description is of a well-defined tumor made up of lobules of uniformly sized and shaped mature fat cells. The term "fibrolipoma" refers to lipomas that contain a sizable amount of fibrous connective tissue, "angiolipoma" refers to lipomas that contain numerous tiny blood vessels, "myxolipoma" refers to lipomas with a background of myxoid cells, and "spindle cell lipoma" refers to lipomas that contain a mixture of uniform spindle cells. When compared to a pleomorphic liposarcoma, the pleomorphic lipoma exhibits spindle cells and strange, hyperchromatic large cells, making it challenging for the pathologist to tell them apart. An intramuscular lipoma is a lipoma that invades skeletal muscle bundles. Because they are harder to entirely eradicate, intramuscular lipomas are more likely to reoccur.
ABSTRACT
The rapid increase in internet use in the current digital era has caused a potential increase in anxiety, and a person either self-medicates or abruptly stops the drug for his medical illness, thereby the rise in the Internet Derived information Obstructing Treatment (IDIOT) syndrome. The Internet Derived Information Obstructing Treatment (IDIOT) syndrome occurs when patients abruptly quit their treatment because they have blindly trusted internet medical information. WHO calls this an " Infodemic," which has created a complex situation in healthcare, as it has caused too much information in digital and physical environments during an outbreak of the disease and caused mistrust in health authorities. Patients get important health information online and anticipate additional assistance, Dr. C. N. Manjunath, Director, Jayadeva Hospital, says "Doctors are becoming sick because of stress, and they need to take care of their health. There is an added demand to ac-q-u-ire communication skills rather than merely technical and professional qualities." Patients must not merely believe healthcare-related information available from online health resources and must seek the help of licensed healthcare professionals for their health concerns. There must be an increase in the awareness programs among the public to as not to fall as victims and blindly follow or abruptly stop their medical prescriptions for their medical illness from available online health resources.
ABSTRACT
Mesiodens is the most commonly occurring supernumerary tooth between the two maxillary central incisors. Mesiodens can be inverted, impacted, or placed buccally or palatally between the two maxillary central incisors. It mostly occurs unilaterally and rarely occurs bilaterally. We describe a rare occurrence of such a bilateral inverted mesiodens extended near the anterior nasal spine, evaluated by cone-beam computed tomography.
ABSTRACT
Double teeth, also called connated or cojoined teeth, are clinically present as two separate teeth united by dentin. It occurs due to the fusion of two individual tooth buds or the partial splitting of one into two. An accessory supernumerary fourth molar is called a distomolar or distodens. Usually, the distomolar has a small crown that can be conical, peg-shaped, or like a small premolar called molariform distomolar that occurs distal to the last molar. This case presents an impacted molariform distomolar with the fusion of crown and root in a 27-year-old female.
ABSTRACT
Odontoma is a hamartomatous benign odontogenic tumor that may resemble tooth-like structures. Odontomas can impede the eruption of the permanent underlying tooth or can cause devitalization of the tooth resulting in pain and swelling near the tooth, causing diagnostic dilemmas to the dentist. We describe a case of an unusual occurrence of such an odontoma in a 31-year-old male patient in the periapical region of a broken, discolored maxillary central incisor tooth causing a diagnostic dilemma and its treatment.
ABSTRACT
Herpes zoster is a ubiquitous ultramicroscopic neurotropic virus that causes pruritic acute grouped vesicular eruptions and rashes, these vesicles rupture spontaneously resulting in pustules, crustations, which are pruritic in nature on the affected skin along the course of the dermatome resulting in scab. The scab withers off later leaving a permanent scar and pigmentation. The characteristic clinical finding was that vesicles or ulcers resulting from herpes zoster lesions never cross the midline. Two such reported cases of herpes zoster in seropositive HIV patients that resulted in extensive crustations and periorbital edema, left unilateral facial pain of burning quality in 25-year-old female patient and spontaneous exfoliation of a tooth in another 35-year-old patient, treated with drug therapy comprising acyclovir, gabapentin, amitriptyline are discussed here.
