ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: "Identity" is a set of physical characteristics, functional or psychic, normal or pathological, that defines an individual. Identification of an individual is a crucial and an exigent task in forensic investigation. AIMS: The aim of the present pilot study was to investigate the accuracy of various methods employed in gender determination such as lip prints, mandibular canine index (MCI), fingerprints, and correlation between them. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The pilot study group consisted of 300 samples aged between 18 and 25 years. Lip prints, fingerprints, and impressions of lower mandibular arches were collected. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The results were analyzed using Chi-square test for lip prints and fingerprints with an independent sample t-test for the MCI. Intergroup comparison between the parameters was analyzed by ANNOVA test. RESULTS: Type II lip print pattern and loop pattern of fingerprints were the predominant patterns in both males and females, and mesiodistal width of right MCI has greater sexual dimorphism than left MCI. CONCLUSIONS: Although lip prints, fingerprints, and MCI had their own specifications, correlation of the three parameters did not show any significance.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Gender determination forms a prime step in the forensic identification process. Teeth form a very important identification aid in forensic studies because they are protected by oral tissues and dental pulp is further protected by the mineralized constituents of the teeth. This allows the conservation and sustainable production of dental pulp to help sex determination in circumstances where other tissues cannot be analyzed like victims when exposed to high temperatures during fire accidents, explosions, and other mass disasters. AIM: The present study aimed at gender determination from pulpal tissue extirpated from teeth exposed to high temperatures. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: The study consisted of sixty teeth samples, thirty male and thirty female. The teeth have been subjected to a series of temperatures of 37°C, 100°C, 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 800°C, and 1000°C. The dental pulp is then obtained from these teeth, processed, stained, and checked for Barr bodies. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Descriptive statistical analysis has been used. RESULTS: The results showed that pulp from the female teeth showed the presence of Barr bodies up to a maximum of 400°C, whereas the male pulpal tissue did not show the presence of any Barr bodies. With increase in temperatures, the cellularity of the connective tissue decreased but the average number of Barr body positive cells remained constant within the range of 19-20. CONCLUSIONS: Dental pulp acts as a potential source of gender determination when no other means of identification are available.
ABSTRACT
Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp is one of the second most dietary legume crops. The leaf extracts may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidant. The ash values, extractive values, total phenolic and flavonoid content, in vitro antioxidant activity of various leaf extracts as well as anatomical investigation of Cajanus cajan were carried out. Physicochemical parameters such as total, acid-insoluble and water-soluble ash values and moisture content of the leaf powder of C. cajan were found to be 9.50%, 1.40 g/100 g, 4.15 g/100 g drug and 6.72%, respectively. Percent yield of acetone, aqueous, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform leaf extracts were 9.0, 10.6, 13.75, 8.7 and 5.8 g/100 g, respectively. Significant amount of phenolic and flavonoid content were observed. The results of the antioxidant activity were found to be concentration-dependent. The IC50 values for DPPH assay determined for aqueous and ethanol extracts were 0.69 and 0.79 mg/ml, respectively. Reducing power is increased with increasing amount of concentration in both aqueous and ethanol leaf extracts. The highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity reached up to 83.67% in aqueous and 78.75% in ethanol extracts and in phosphomolybdenum assay the aqueous extract showed strong antioxidant capacity up to 55.97 nM gallic acid equivalents/g. It was found that the aqueous extract possessed highest antioxidant activity in all the assays tested. The antioxidant characteristics of leaf extracts are possibly because of the presence of polyphenols. Microscopic study showed the presence of collenchyma, fibres, xylem, phloem, epidermis, trichomes, palisade tissue, basal sheath, pith and cortex in leaf, petiole and pulvinus.
ABSTRACT
Oral cavity is an uncommon site for metastasis and is usually an evidence of widespread disease. The clinical presentation of the metastatic lesions differs between the various sites in the oral region. Metastatic tumors account for 1-3% of all oral malignancies. The jawbones, particularly the mandibular molar area is more frequently affected than the oral soft tissues (2:1). Here, we report a case of a 60-year-old male patient with metastasis from lung to the mandible, where the metastasis was detected before primary tumor.
